This study explores the evolution and impact of research on the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in manufacturing between 2019 and August 2024. By addressing the growing integration of AI technologies in the manufacturing sector, the research seeks to provide a comprehensive view of how AI applications are transforming production processes, improving efficiency, and opening new business opportunities. A bibliometric analysis was conducted, examining global scientific production, influential authors, key sources, and thematic trends. Data were collected from Scopus, and a detailed review of key publications was carried out to identify knowledge gaps and unresolved research questions. The results reveal a steady increase in research related to AI in manufacturing, with a strong focus on automation, predictive maintenance, and supply chain optimization. The study also highlights the dominance of certain institutions and key authors driving this field of research. Despite the progress, significant challenges remain, particularly regarding the scalability of AI solutions and ethical considerations. The findings suggest that while AI holds considerable potential for the manufacturing industry, more interdisciplinary research is needed to address existing gaps and maximize its benefits.

This study examines the impact of digital competencies (DCs) and organizational culture (OC) on digital transformation (DT) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in metropolitan Lima. Using a non-experimental and cross-sectional design, 307 business owners were surveyed using a previously validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS). The results show that DCs have a direct and significant impact on DT, being the main driver of this process. Additionally, OC acts as a partial mediator between DCs and DT, although its influence is lesser, compared with DCs. The study highlights the importance of DCs in driving digitalization in SMEs, while OC facilitates, although does not solely determine, the success of the digital transformation process. Despite the limitations and the cross-sectional nature of the study, the findings provide valuable insights for SMEs in emerging economies and offer a basis for future research on the factors influencing digital transformation in similar contexts.

The objective of this research was to review the manuscripts registered in the Scopus database related to business ecosystems during the period 2018–2022. A total of 96 documents were selected and examined under a bibliometric and bibliographic approach. The results showed an annual growth rate of 13.21%. The United Kingdom (n = 22) led the countries with the most documents, computer science (n = 40) is the subject area with the most publications, and articles (n = 61) and conference papers (n = 23) dominated the types of documents. The nine most studied topics were innovation ecosystems, collaborative ecosystems, sustainable business ecosystems, digital business ecosystems, ecosystems of the Internet of Things, circular ecosystems in companies, regulatory frameworks for digital business ecosystems, resilience of business ecosystems, and ecosystems in smart cities. Six unexplored themes were extracted for future research: ICT industries, smart contracts, electric vehicles, serious games, energy, and blockchain. It should be noted that this study is one of the most up to date, and 85.5% of the 96 publications were original studies, i.e., valuable information that supports the results.

This study examines the mediating role of Digital Competencies (DCs) in the relationship between Digital Human Resource Management (DHRM) and Digital Transformation (DT) in SMEs in Lima, Peru. Employing a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, data was collected through a structured survey of 272 SME entrepreneurs. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was selected due to its suitability for mediation analysis in studies with moderate sample sizes and non-normal data distributions. Results indicate that DHRM significantly enhances the development of DCs (β = 0.750), which in turn positively influences DT (β = 0.433). The analysis confirms a partial mediating effect of DCs between DHRM and DT (indirect effect β = 0.325; VAF = 52.7%), highlighting the importance of digital upskilling in amplifying human-centered transformation. While DT may support operational efficiency and resource optimization, sustainability was not directly measured and should be explored in future research. Practical recommendations include implementing adaptive digital training programs, integrating AI-enabled HR tools, and fostering inter-organizational collaboration to strengthen digital capabilities. Key limitations involve the cross-sectional nature of the study and reliance on self-reported data, which may affect causal inference and introduce perceptual biases. This research contributes by offering actionable strategies for SMEs aiming to enhance their digital competitiveness through workforce-centered innovation.

Gender equality is central to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yet persistent gaps continue to limit women’s participation in multiple domains. This study examines four dimensions of gender inequality: economic participation, political representation, gender-based violence, and the role of scientific production. A mixed-methods design was applied, combining bibliometric and qualitative approaches to analyze 370 open-access documents indexed in Scopus from 2018 to 2023. Findings show that women remain underrepresented in the labor market, concentrated in less productive sectors, and burdened with unpaid work, which undermines economic equity. In politics, only a few countries have achieved parliamentary parity, while global progress remains slow. Gender-based violence persists as one of the most critical challenges, with more than half of femicides occurring in the home, revealing the insecurity of domestic spaces for women. Scientific production on gender equality has grown, yet female authors remain underrepresented, highlighting the persistence of the “glass ceiling”. These results confirm a gap between formal equality recognized in laws and substantive equality experienced in practice. Stronger state commitments, affirmative policies, and inclusive strategies are needed to ensure that gender equality is not only a right but also a driver of sustainable development.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the judicial reasoning against the positive action laws regarding the function of the judge as applicator of the law, which has a margin of discretion like any judicial interpreter, in addition to its own moral reasons related to its freedom. of conscience and the possibility of exercising these powers in the face of affirmative action laws, specifically those that protect women against gender violence, which are prima facie binding because they are closely related to the protection of the rights of minorities, many times constitutionally enshrined. The methodology consists of the study of different written documents such as books, magazine articles, scientific documents, legislation, jurisprudence, among others. The originality and contribution focused on expressing the problem of the limitation or not of judicial reasoning in the face of affirmative action laws. In order to achieve the objective, these aspects were raised: notions about gender violence, legal interpretation in general and, finally, analysis of positive action laws and their interpretation. In conclusion, it is important to highlight that the citizen and state agencies are subject to the Constitution and the legal system, so the right of conscientious objection and the margin of discretion that the judge has in cases is not possible. of affirmative action laws like all judicial interpreters, although this contravenes the modern conception of law in terms of jurisprudence as a source of law creation. El artículo tiene como propósito analizar el razonamiento judicial frente a las leyes de acción positiva en lo que r­especta a la función del juez como aplicador del derecho, quien tiene un margen de discrecionalidad como todo intérprete judicial, además de razones morales referidas a su libertad de conciencia y la posibilidad de efectuar estas facultades frente a las leyes de acción positiva, concretamente las que protegen a las mujeres frente a la violencia de género como prima facie vinculantes, por estar relacionadas con la protección de los derechos de las minorías, consagrados constitucionalmente. La metodología consiste en el estudio de diferentes documentos escritos, tales como libros, artículos de revistas, documentos científicos, legislación, jurisprudencia, entre otros. La originalidad y aporte se centró en expresar la problemática sobre la limitación o no del razonamiento judicial frente a las leyes de acción positiva. Par el logro del objetivo se plantearon estos aspectos: nociones sobre la violencia de género, la interpretación jurídica en general y, por último, análisis de las leyes de acción positiva y su interpretación. A manera de conclusión es importante resaltar que, el ciudadano y los organismos del estado están sometidos a la carta magna y al ordenamiento jurídico por lo que no es posible el derecho de objeción de conciencia y el margen de discrecionalidad que tiene el juez como todo intérprete judicial en los casos de violencia de género, aunque esto contravenga a la concepción moderna del derecho en cuanto a la jurisprudencia como fuente creadora de derecho.