Ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) are modern fluids introduced to enhance the performance of conventional hybrid nanofluids (HNFs). Their unique properties make them suitable for diverse applications, ranging from heat exchangers to advanced industrial and medical treatments. Due to the practical applications and innovative features of THNFs, this paper aims to analyze the performance of these fluids to improve the efficiency of modern devices. The THNF is formulated by adding nanoparticles of three different kinds of aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ), and copper (Cu) into water (H ₂ O) based ethylene glycol (C ₂ H ₆ O ₂ ). The momentum equation is formulated considering the influences of Darcy Forchheimer, permeability, and magnetic field. Thermal radiation, intermolecular friction force, and Joule heating effects are accounted in the thermal field equation. Mass concentration relation is acquired considering binary chemical reaction and activation energy (AE). Additionally, the influence of stratifications (thermal and solutal) at the boundary of the cylinder is considered. The physical phenomenon representing partial differential equations is reduced into ordinary ones utilizing the transformations and then solved via Runge–Kutta Fehlberg (RKF‐45) numerical scheme in Mathematics. Influence of involved sundry variables on HNF and THNF velocity, thermal field, mass concentration, surface drag force (skin friction coefficient), mass, and heat transfer rates were examined. The results showed that the velocity fields of THNF and HNF decay through variables Darcy Forchheimer, porosity, and Hartman number. Thermal field of THNF and HNF improves via radiation parameter, Eckert number, and Hartman number. Local heat transfer rate upsurges versus curvature variable and Prandtl number.

This study emphasizes the performance of two-dimensional electrically non-conducting Oldroyd-B fluid flowing across a stretching sheet with thermophoretic particle deposition. The heat and mass transfer mechanisms are elaborated in the presence of a magnetic dipole, which acts as an external magnetic field. The fluid possesses magnetic characteristics due to the presence of ferrite particles. The gyrotactic microorganisms are considered to keep the suspended ferromagnetic particles stable. Cattaneo–Christov heat flux is cogitated instead of the conventional Fourier law. Further, to strengthen the heat transfer and mass transfer processes, thermal stratification and chemical reaction are employed. Appropriate similarity transformations are applied to convert highly nonlinear coupled partial differential equations into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To numerically solve these ODEs, an excellent MATLAB bvp4c approach is used. The physical behavior of important parameters and their graphical representations are thoroughly examined. The tables are presented to address the thermophoretic particle velocity deposition, rate of heat flux, and motile microorganisms’ density number. The results show that the rate of heat transfer decreases as the value of the thermal relaxation time parameter surges. Furthermore, when the thermophoretic coefficient increases, the velocity of thermophoretic deposition decreases.