The use of medicinal plants has increased significantly in recent years. More than 80 of the worlds population uses medicinal plants to treat themselves. Many antibacterial and anti-inflammatory synthetic drugs are available in medical practice. However, recent tendency of increasing capability of resistance of bacteria to usage of antibacterial drugs of different groups is taking place. Considering the wide range of pharmacological and antimicrobial activity of safflower flower extracts and available vitamins in their composition, it was decided to create a preparation based on the CO₂ extract of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the form of an ophthalmic emulsion. The aim of this research is to study the composition and antimicrobial activity of the extract and ophthalmic emulsion drops against test strains of microorganisms. The subject of this study is the ophthalmic emulsions from flowers of Kazakhstan species of Akmai safflower, collected in the flowering stage in southern Kazakhstan in August 2021. The component composition was determined using gas chromatography with the Agilent 7890A/5975C mass spectrometry technique. A study of the antimicrobial activity of the ophthalmic emulsion drop extracts was performed with two strains of Gram-positive bacteria, one strain of Gram-negative bacteria, and one culture of fungi. The following biologically active substances were determined from the GC-MS results: tridecane 94, tricosane 93, hexacosane 93, dodecanoic acid 92, pentacosane 91, and linoleic acid 63.7. The investigated emulsion-type eye drop shows bactericidal activity against S. aureus ATCC 6538-P, where the zone of growth suppression under the ophthalmic emulsion action corresponded to 9.0±0.0mm. The tested ophthalmic emulsion drops show the presumed biological activity against conditionally pathogenic bacteria. The results of chromatographic analysis and antimicrobial activity of the tested samples indicate the prospects for their further study for use as anti-infectious (anti-inflammatory) agents in medicine.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Marzhan Tis” mobile application in improving oral hygiene practices among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine its usability and correlation with learning success. Methods: A prospective, non-randomized cohort study was conducted with 90 children aged 3–18 years diagnosed with Level 1 ASD from rehabilitation centers in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Participants were divided into an intervention group (IG), which used the app for 1 month, and a control group (CG), which received standard oral hygiene instructions. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), approximal plaque index (API), and papillary–marginal–alveolar index (PMA). Adherence was measured using the modified Oral Hygiene Assessment Scale (OHAS-10), and a structured 15-item caregiver questionnaire evaluated behavioral changes and app usability. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for between and within-group comparisons, Chi-square tests for categorical variables, and Pearson correlation for usability–learning associations. Results: Significant improvements were observed in the IG for all oral hygiene indices (OHI-S reduction: 28–52%; API and PMA improvement > 50%, p < 0.05). Oral hygiene adherence increased by 18.8% ( p = 0.001). Independence in brushing improved in 85% of IG children ( χ ² = 28.7, p = 0.001). A strong correlation was found between app usability and learning outcomes ( r = 0.65, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The “Marzhan Tis” mobile app effectively improved oral hygiene skills and independence in children with ASD Level 1. Its usability and gamified features support its integration into pediatric oral health interventions.

Plant materials and preparations based on it continue to play an important role in the pharmacotherapy of many chronic and sluggish human diseases. Over the past two decades, there has been a very high consumer demand for medicines and preventive products obtained from natural plant sources. This is due to the complex effect of biologically active substances, vitamins, antioxidants of plant origin on the human body and the practical absence of side effects. An analysis of the development of phytopharmacology shows that the most promising direction in the field of the development of phytopreparations is the scientifically based use of the experience of traditional and modern medicine. One of the promising types of raw material - medicinal plant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L). It contains vitamins A, E, unsaturated fatty acids and other biologically active substances in large quantities, that determine antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. Thanks to these pharmacological effects, the content of vitamins is promising for the development and introduction of a drug used in the field of ophthalmology. To this end we have searched and analysed scientific publications about safflower – Carthamus tinctorius. All studies used in this review have been found using «Google Scholar» scientific search engine and were selected from publications indexed in Web of science, PubMed, Medline, E–library, and Cyberleninka databases.

Introduction: The rapid digitalization of society has led to a significant increase in screen time, raising concerns about its impact on public health. In Kazakhstan, limited research has been conducted on digital behaviour and its relationship with subjective health outcomes, particularly across different regions and levels of urbanization. This study aims to assess digital device usage patterns, the prevalence of digital overload symptoms, and their association with self-reported health among adults in four regions of Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 228 residents aged 20–65 from four regions of Kazakhstan (Almaty, Astana, Shymkent, and the rural village of Narynkol) using a structured paper-based questionnaire. The instrument covered digital device usage patterns, health complaints, and digital hygiene awareness. Statistical analysis included descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: High digital exposure was observed, with 89% of respondents reporting more than 4 hours of daily screen time. Common symptoms included eye fatigue, sleep disturbances, and neck pain (simultaneously reported by 102 respondents; 44.7%) and reduced physical activity (180; 78.9%). Males were less likely to report symptoms of digital fatigue (OR=0.28, p=0.008). Logistic regression showed that gender and region were significant predictors of self-rated health. Respondents from Astana and Almaty reported poorer subjective health compared to those from Shymkent (OR = 7.32, p<0.001; OR = 3.33, p< 0.05 respectively). Conclusion: Digital overload is a growing public health concern in Kazakhstan, especially in urban areas. The findings highlight the need for region-specific interventions to promote digital hygiene, reduce screen-related health risks, and raise awareness, particularly among women and users of multiple digital devices.