The Motion Analysis Sensor System for Wheelchair Users (MASSWU) is designed to collect wheelchair movement data such as distance, duration, speed, and angular velocity during competitions and training sessions to enhance athlete performance. Developed as a simpler alternative to complex 2D motion analysis software, MASSWU was evaluated for validity, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability by comparison with the established 2D motion analysis program Kinovea. The assessment involved six wheelchair skill-related fitness tests performed under simulated real-world conditions by twenty-three healthy wheelchair users aged 18–35. The tests included One Stroke Push (distance), Muscle Power Sprint (speed), 10x5-meter Sprint (duration), Slalom (duration), and 360° Clockwise and 360° Anticlockwise Rotations (angular velocity). Validity was evaluated using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, while intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were assessed through Intra-Class and Inter-Class Correlation Coefficients, respectively. MASSWU exhibited good to very good validity across all tests (r = 0.887–0.998). Both intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.765–0.988) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.899–0.996) ranged from good to very good. These results indicate that MASSWU is a highly valid and reliable tool compared with Kinovea for measuring wheelchair performance among these wheelchair skill-related fitness tests.

Technological advancements have increased the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study assessed a passive shoulder exoskeleton during screw driving and electrical cable locking tasks in 14 males. Exoskeleton use significantly reduced anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and pectoralis major muscle activity (%MVC, p < .001), and lowered perceived exertion in the hand/wrist, upper arm, and shoulder (p ≤ .003). Productivity increased (p < .001) and task time decreased (p = .021) with the exoskeleton. These findings demonstrate that passive shoulder exoskeletons effectively reduce physical strain and improve efficiency, offering a practical solution for mitigating WMSDs in labor-intensive industries.

Global warming and increasing heatwaves elevate the risk of exertional heat illnesses, particularly heatstroke, in endurance athletes and outdoor workers. This study developed and validated a wearable heatstroke warning system integrating physiological and environmental monitoring with a real-time web dashboard. The wrist- and finger-worn prototype comprised an ESP32 microcontroller and heart rate (MAX30101), skin temperature (MAX30205), ambient temperature and humidity (SHT31), and galvanic skin response (Grove-GSR v1.2) sensors with dual acoustic–visual alerts and WiFi transmission. Fifteen triathletes (18–39 years) completed 30 min of cycling in a climatic chamber: 0–15 min at 24 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, and 16–30 min at 27 ± 1 °C, 90 ± 10% RH, with the workload rising from 40%HRmax by 10% every 10 min. Heart rate, estimated core temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and GSR were recorded every 30 s and compared with standard devices using Spearman correlation (p = 0.01) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (p < 0.05). Heart rate, skin temperature (used a linear model to calculate core body temperature), ambient temperature, and humidity sensors showed fair–very good validity (r = 0.692, 0.995, 0.994, 0.952), while GSR was low (r = 0.298). No significant differences were observed for heart rate, skin temperature, and humidity (p > 0.05), but body temperature (p = 0.003) and GSR (p < 0.001) differed. The system showed promising validity for real-time heatstroke risk monitoring, with further refinement needed for skin temperature and GSR sensing.

This research has developed a heat stroke warning system prototype for athletes utilizing the following sensors: DHT22, GY-906-BAA MLX90614, MAX30102. The device calculates the heat stroke risk and notifies users. The data is recorded, stored, displayed on a free-access website which graphs body temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, heart rate and heat stroke risk, and provides notifications for athletes engaged in outdoor activities. The researchers recorded sensors data (n = 1) for two sessions (12 min/session) in a closed room, at the sixth-minute marker, with an air conditioner activated to observe the changes observed by the sensors. For accuracy, the researchers employed Criterion-Related Validity, comparing sensor against standard equipment measurement. For reliability, we utilized Test-Retest Reliability, comparing sensor data from the first and second measurements. Accuracy and reliability were evaluated using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, with significance set at p < 0.01. The DHT22 sensor demonstrates very high accuracy (r = 0.923) in ambient temperature and (r = 0.774) humidity measurements. It showed no significant reliability (r = 0.489) in temperature and (r = 0.185) humidity measurements. The GY-906-BAA MLX90614 sensor exhibited very high accuracy (r = 0.923) and reliability (r = 0.866) in body temperature measurements. The MAX30102 sensor lacked significant accuracy (r = 0.179) and reliability (r = 0.171) in heart rate measurements. The development of accuracy and reliability of sensors are important for preventing heat stroke in future applications.

Manual wheelchairs are essential for mobility, yet standard models often fail to meet individual ergonomic needs. In this study, we compared a standard daily-use wheelchair with an individually customized model (featuring adjustable seating and back support) among 22 participants. The customized wheelchair significantly improved maneuverability in agility and turning tasks. Furthermore, users reported lower physical effort and higher satisfaction with comfort and control. These findings highlight that prioritizing adjustable configuration—such as seat depth and backrest contour—can reduce physical strain and dramatically enhance the daily mobility experience for wheelchair users.

Background. There are limited studies of the reaction time of throwing punches in Thai Amateur Boxing athletes. Amateur Boxing which is point-scoring blows, based on the number of clean punches landed to movable specific areas. This study will be baseline information for developing Amateur Boxing athletes. Objectives. To compare the ...