The impacts of conflicting aerodynamic forces and side drifting forces are the primary unstable elements in automobiles. The action of an unstable environment in automobile vehicles increases the chance of an accident occurring. As a result, much study is required to determine how opposing aerodynamic forces and side drifting force affects function, as well as how to deal with them for safe and smooth navigation. In this work, an intercity bus is chosen as a main object, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is used to estimate aerodynamic forces on the bus in all major directions. Experimentation is also carried out for validation reasons. CFD findings for a scaled base model and a dimple-loaded model based on experimental results from a subsonic wind tunnel are demonstrated to be correct. The drag forces generated by CFD simulations on test models are carefully compared to the experimental drag findings of same-dimensioned models. The error percentages between the results of these two methods are acquired and the percentages are determined to be within an acceptable range of significant limitations. Following these validations, CATIA is used to create a total of nine distinct models, the first of which is a standard intercity bus, whereas the other eight models are fitted with drag reduction techniques such as dimples, riblets, and fins on the surface of their upper cumulus side. A sophisticated computational tool, ANSYS Fluent 17.2, is used to estimate the comparative assessments of the predictions of aerodynamic force fluctuations on bus models. Finally, dimples on the top and side surfaces of the bus model (DESIGN–I) are proposed as a more efficient model than other models because dimples are a vital component that may lower pressure drag on the bus by 18% in the main flow direction and up to 43% in the sideslip direction. Furthermore, by minimizing the different aerodynamic force sources without impacting the preparatory needs, the proposed model may provide comfortable travel. The real-time bus is created, and the finalized drag reduction is applied to the optimized places over the whole bus model. In addition, five distinct size-based bus models are developed and studied in terms of aerodynamic forces, necessary energy to resist aerodynamic drag, required forward force for successful movement, instantaneous demand for particular power, and fuel consumption rate. Finally, the formation of aeroacoustic noise owing to turbulence is estimated using sophisticated computer simulation. Last, for real-time applications, multi-parametric studies based on appropriate intercity buses are established.

In this analysis work, the ring frame of Pneumafil casing blower of the textile mills with a power rating of 5 kW have been simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. The CFD analysis of the blower is carried out in Ansys Workbench 16.2 with Fluent using MRF solver settings. The simulation settings and boundary conditions are based on literature study and field data acquired. The main objective of this work is to reduce the energy consumption of the blower. The flow analysis indicated that the power consumption is influenced by the deflector plate orientation and deflector plate strip situated at the outlet casing of the blower. The energy losses occurred in the blower is due to the recirculation zones formed around the deflector plate strip. The deflector plate orientation is changed and optimized to reduce the energy consumption. The proposed optimized model is based on the simulation results which had relatively lesser power consumption than the existing and other cases. The energy losses in the Pneumafil casing blower are reduced through CFD analysis.

The use of energy resources has been critical to the advancement of human civilisation. Finding a reliable energy source is one of the most difficult tasks of the twenty-first century. Natural gas, coal, and other conventional energy sources have hastened the industrialization and modernisation of several countries. However, there is widespread concern that the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from these traditional sources is the leading cause of climate change. Increased pollution, flooding, drought, rising sea levels, high temperatures, and other effects of climate change have a significant impact on the environment. As a result, current research is focusing on renewable and sustainable energy sources. Hydro energy is a low-cost and environmentally friendly way to generate electricity. Even still, the vast majority of hydroelectric energy remains underutilised. Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic methods are the two most common approaches for extracting energy from water. The Gravitational Vortex Hydropower (GVHP) with Hydro-Rotor is one such renewable turbine. By routing the water into a GVHP basin, which generates a water vortex on its inside surface while it runs, the mechanical energy of free-flowing water is converted to kinetic energy in this GVHP. The major goal of this study is to investigate the flow field characteristics of a GVHP numerically for various geometrical variables such as basin diameter, cone angle, and notch angle. CATIA is used to create several geometric models, which are then simulated using a commercial (computational fluid dynamics) CFD application. Different geometric factors of conical basin design were studied using computational hydrodynamic analysis, and their impacts on vortex generation and tangential velocity in the study region are recorded. The maximum tangential velocity derived from different basin geometry can be used to forecast the performance of the GVHP. Finally the optimized GVHP along with its dimensions such as cone angle of 14^O, a notch angle of 13^O, and a basin diameter of 1000 mm are found out and suggested for real-time applications.

The insulation material provides reduces the heat loss or gain into the structures. Several insulation materials are used to attain the desired comfort conditio