Do bumper ads bump consumers?: An empirical research on YouTube video viewers

In 2019 Covid-19 appeared and spread quickly all over the world, affecting every structure of society, as well as the education system. One of the measures taken to prevent the further spread of the disease was mandatory online education at universities in Turkey. This sudden change has significantly affected students' learning motivations for face-to-face education. In this context, this study aims to determine the factors of arousal, beliefs, goals, and needs that affect the students' learning motivations as personal factors during online education in Turkey during the Covid-19 pandemic. For this aim, a semi-structured interview technique was used on a sample of 34 students. According to the findings, the internal factors on arousals were; mainly interest/curiosity and the external factors on arousals were mainly; compulsory attendance requirements. Also, the internal factors on success beliefs were mainly; determination, and the external factors mainly include motivational speeches. Besides, the internal factors on goals were mainly; the need to learn for the future, and the external factors on goals were mainly; homework and studies. Lastly, findings indicated that the internal needs of the students were mainly; success, and the external needs were mainly; communication

It is observed that women have a series of roles that are positioned within the framework of beautiful and attractive adjectives in the traditional order of social structure and they do not have a life away from home. It has been seen that the identity elements of women have begun to change during the transition to the process of modernism. Within the scope of the study, the changes that the female identity has undergone from the traditional period to the present were analyzed through the female characters in animated films. Twenty posters of Disney and Hayao Miyazaki animated films made between 1984 and 2022 were analyzed by semiotics in the context of female identity construction. The answer to five basic questions were sought, which include the roles identified with women's identity in the posters, the imposition of beauty, the existence of environmental pressure elements on women, as well as the reflections of the change that women's identity has experienced until the postmodern period. According to the research results; over time, the representation of women in Disney animated posters has changed and the characters became more individualized women who pursue their freedom. Additionally, research results showed that Hayao Miyazaki's female characters in animated movies were not subjected to the imposition of beauty, did not need a male hero, and even had an identity structure in which they were positioned in the role of savior.

The rapid growth of AI has led to the integration of AI-powered educational tools, such as intelligent tutors and chatbots, enhancing student engagement through personalized learning experiences. These tools automate tasks like grading and feedback, adapt content to individual needs, and improve both motivation and academic performance. By addressing learning motivations, AI-based applications promote sustainable learning outcomes. Personal factors, such as arousal, beliefs, goals, and needs, significantly shape motivation, influencing both internal and external drivers. In foreign language learning, AI tools provide personalized feedback, interactive content, and real-time conversation opportunities to improve language acquisition, while AI-supported role-play exercises enhance fluency and pronunciation. Despite progress in AI-based education, a gap remains in understanding how various factors influence motivation within these tools. Existing literature lacks exploration of how factors like arousal, beliefs, goals, and needs shape motivation, particularly in AI-driven learning applications. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the internal and external factors that influence users' learning motivations in AI-based apps. Semi-structured interviews with 29 users were conducted, and data were analyzed descriptively, with key findings presented in tables and significant statements highlighted. The research results showed that both internal and external factors significantly influenced motivation. Participants were driven by the desire to improve their language skills, and the AI apps’ personalized feedback and features like role-playing supported their motivation. Clear goals, the freedom to progress at their own pace, and a sense of competence were key motivators, while autonomy, competence, and relatedness were reinforced by the apps’ positive feedback and tailored content

Makalenin Kadın ve erkeklerin toplumda sahip oldukları roller kültürel özellikler çerçevesinde şekillenmektedir. Kadın ve erkeklerden beklenen davranış normları sahip olunan kültür şemsiyesi altında toplumsal cinsiyet kodları olarak varlık göstermekte ve nesiller boyu bilinçli yada bilinçsiz şekillerde sürekliliğini korumaktadır. Kadınların uyması gereken fiziksel normlar, korunmaya ve yönetilmeye muhtaç bir konumda inşa edildiği ataerkil toplum yapısında erkek; koruyan, kollayan, yöneten, yönlendiren ve karar veren olarak resmedilmektedir. Ev işleriyle özdeşleştirilen kadının, temizlik yapmak, üremenin devamlılığını sağlamak ve çocukların bakımını üstlenmek gibi rollerle kodlandığı gözlemlenmektedir. Kadın ve erkek rollerinin nesiller boyunca aktarımı sağlayan unsurlardan biri de medya olarak görülmektedir. Reklamlar, filmler, çizgi filmler başta olmak üzere kadın ve erkeğin konumlandırıldığı pek çok kurgu, izleyen bireylerin kendi hayatlarıyla özdeşleştirdiği karakter ve olaylar yoluyla toplumsal yapıyı da şekillendirmeye devam etmektedir. Özellikle çocuklar tarafından öğrenilen cinsiyet rolleri etkisini yaşamın farklı alanlarında etkisini göstermektedir. Yapılmış olan bu çalışmada feminist bir perspektiften 2023 yılında vizyona girmiş olan Barbie sinema filmi incelenmiştir. Toplumsal cinsiyet kodlarının tespit edilebilmesi için film, içerik analizi ve göstergebilim yöntemleriyle analiz edilerek anlamlandırılmıştır. Filmde ataerkil toplum yapısının kadın üzerindeki hakimiyet kurma, fiziksel standartlar koyma, özgürce karar vermesine engel olma ve ev yaşamıyla özdeşleştirme yönleri eleştirilmiş olup anaerkil ve ataerkil toplumsal yapı düzenlerinin süreç içerisinde devinim halinde olduğu, özgür birer birey olma yolunda, kadınların aktif olarak katılabildiği dengeli bir toplum yapısının sağlanması gerektiği mesajının verildiği tespit edilmiştir.

Rapid technological developments have transformed music listening into a platform-based practice shaped by streaming interfaces, personalization systems, and social visibility. This study examines how digital music consumption and sharing practices relate to self-presentation and social identity in contemporary digital environments. Adopting a conceptual analysis approach, the study synthesizes insights from Uses & Gratifications research, dramaturgical perspectives on self-presentation, Social Identity Theory, and the extended self framework to develop an integrative explanatory model. The analysis suggests that streaming platforms increasingly operate as identity-relevant environments in which playlists, listening traces, and recommendation-driven discovery contribute to how individuals curate and communicate taste. Music sharing functions as a symbolic practice through which users signal affiliation, distinction, and cultural positioning, while digital archives serve as editable repositories of biographical and emotional meaning. Uses & Gratifications–based motivations—such as discovery, mood regulation, self-enhancement, social connection, and escape—help explain how musical choices become linked to identity expression and selective visibility. Overall, the study conceptualizes digital music engagement as an ongoing form of identity work and provides a theoretical foundation for future empirical research on identity processes within streaming ecosystems.