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Yuanshen Lu
Griffith University

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Special issue
Published: 01 January 2019 in Mathematical Geosciences
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Natural draft dry cooling towers (NDDCTs) are a type of cooling technology used in thermal power plants, including geothermal power plants. Interest from industry in this technology is increasing due to its water saving potential. However, the cooling performance of NDDCTs is inherently negatively impacted by high ambient temperatures. Among all existing solutions to this issue, inlet airflow precooling using water sprays is thought to be a good method to reduce the impact of high ambient temperature on the performance of NDDCTs. In previous studies, spraying of saline water obtained from water sources such as coal seam gas wells (as a by-product) was shown not only to save valuable freshwater resources but also to provide the further possibility of increasing the evaporation rate of water droplets, thereby shortening the wet length (distance) required for the spraying system. However, this benefit has not been verified. To address this knowledge gap, three different water sources were experimentally examined in the current study, viz. fresh, artificial simulated saline water, and real coal seam gas well water. Spraying using these three types of water was compared based on tests in a wind tunnel using a specific type of nozzle. The results confirmed an increase in the cooling efficiency of the spraying system when saline water was selected as the water source. However, the cooling efficiency may be more influenced by the nozzle orientation with respect to the airflow. On the other hand, spraying of saline water resulted in considerable deposition of solid particles from the water droplets in the airflow at 4.5 m downstream of the nozzle after only 2 h of spraying, although no significant nozzle clogging was observed even after the total of 50 h of testing. This effect could potentially cause fouling and corrosion on heat exchanger surfaces.

ACS Style

Christo Nel; Zhiqiang Guan; Yuanshen Lu; Kamel Hooman. Experimental Investigation on Spray Cooling Using Saline Water. Mathematical Geosciences 2019, 51, 337 -351.

AMA Style

Christo Nel, Zhiqiang Guan, Yuanshen Lu, Kamel Hooman. Experimental Investigation on Spray Cooling Using Saline Water. Mathematical Geosciences. 2019; 51 (3):337-351.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christo Nel; Zhiqiang Guan; Yuanshen Lu; Kamel Hooman. 2019. "Experimental Investigation on Spray Cooling Using Saline Water." Mathematical Geosciences 51, no. 3: 337-351.

Journal article
Published: 03 March 2018 in Applied Energy
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In thermal power cycles including concentrating solar thermal (CST) plants, natural draft cooling towers (NDCTs) are widely used heat-dumping facilities. One inherent drawback of NDCTs is that their cooling performance can be compromised by changes in ambient conditions, particularly temperature, which inevitably reduces the net power output of the cycles. Current methods resolving this issue are limited in a few options including inlet air pre-cooling, exit air heating, and fan assistance, each with considerable operational or initial cost. To more economically reduce energy efficiency losses of the power cycles due to inefficient cooling, this paper proposes a new concept of swirling plume method for both dry- and wet-type NDCTs. The method is to rotate the plume strongly like a tornado in the tower upper part and above the towers to increase the overall tower updraft capacity (pressure). The swirling plume is induced by high-speed air jets distributed at certain locations using a much smaller flow rate. A numerical investigation on a 20 m-tall dry-type NDCT model has been conducted verifying that this concept increases the airflow and the water temperature drop of the heat exchanger by at least 53.6% and 3.57 °C (39.2%), respectively, under 35 °C ambient temperature. This cooling performance enhancement enables a half megawatt-scale sCO2-based CST power cycle to recover its net power output, by 4.98%, to the level almost same as that at 30 °C ambient temperature. The air jet to create such a swirling plume consumes only 1/7 of the recovered power roughly. Compared with a traditional fan-forced cooler working under exactly the same condition, this concept requires significantly smaller energy in long-term operations as it would run only during temperature extremes. A simplified analytical modelling has found that the cooling tower performance is improved due to that the swirling plume creates an equivalent extra draft height on top of the tower which is attributed to two different vortical effects. The overall angular momentum of the swirl is a critical factor in these effects.

ACS Style

Yuanshen Lu; Alexander Klimenko; Hugh Russell; Yuchen Dai; John Warner; Kamel Hooman. A conceptual study on air jet-induced swirling plume for performance improvement of natural draft cooling towers. Applied Energy 2018, 217, 496 -508.

AMA Style

Yuanshen Lu, Alexander Klimenko, Hugh Russell, Yuchen Dai, John Warner, Kamel Hooman. A conceptual study on air jet-induced swirling plume for performance improvement of natural draft cooling towers. Applied Energy. 2018; 217 ():496-508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanshen Lu; Alexander Klimenko; Hugh Russell; Yuchen Dai; John Warner; Kamel Hooman. 2018. "A conceptual study on air jet-induced swirling plume for performance improvement of natural draft cooling towers." Applied Energy 217, no. : 496-508.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Sam Duniam; Ingo Jahn; Kamel Hooman; Yuanshen Lu; Ananthanarayanan Veeraragavan. Comparison of direct and indirect natural draft dry cooling tower cooling of the sCO2 Brayton cycle for concentrated solar power plants. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 130, 1070 -1080.

AMA Style

Sam Duniam, Ingo Jahn, Kamel Hooman, Yuanshen Lu, Ananthanarayanan Veeraragavan. Comparison of direct and indirect natural draft dry cooling tower cooling of the sCO2 Brayton cycle for concentrated solar power plants. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2018; 130 ():1070-1080.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sam Duniam; Ingo Jahn; Kamel Hooman; Yuanshen Lu; Ananthanarayanan Veeraragavan. 2018. "Comparison of direct and indirect natural draft dry cooling tower cooling of the sCO2 Brayton cycle for concentrated solar power plants." Applied Thermal Engineering 130, no. : 1070-1080.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2017 in Energies
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Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are one of the most widespread forms of geothermal energy technology. They utilise the near-constant temperature of the ground below the frost line to achieve energy-efficiencies two or three times that of conventional air-conditioners, consequently allowing a significant offset in electricity demand for space heating and cooling. Relatively mature GSHP markets are established in Europe and North America. GSHP implementation in Australia, however, is limited, due to high capital price, uncertainties regarding optimum designs for the Australian climate, and limited consumer confidence in the technology. Existing GSHP design standards developed in the Northern Hemisphere are likely to lead to suboptimal performance in Australia where demand might be much more cooling-dominated. There is an urgent need to develop Australia’s own GSHP system optimisation principles on top of the industry standards to provide confidence to bring the GSHP market out of its infancy. To assist in this, the Queensland Geothermal Energy Centre of Excellence (QGECE) has commissioned a fully instrumented GSHP experimental facility in Gatton, Australia, as a publically-accessible demonstration of the technology and a platform for systematic studies of GSHPs, including optimisation of design and operations. This paper presents a brief review on current GSHP use in Australia, the technical details of the Gatton GSHP facility, and an analysis on the observed cooling performance of this facility to date.

ACS Style

Yuanshen Lu; Kamel Hooman; Aleks D. Atrens; Hugh Russell. An Experimental Facility to Validate Ground Source Heat Pump Optimisation Models for the Australian Climate. Energies 2017, 10, 138 .

AMA Style

Yuanshen Lu, Kamel Hooman, Aleks D. Atrens, Hugh Russell. An Experimental Facility to Validate Ground Source Heat Pump Optimisation Models for the Australian Climate. Energies. 2017; 10 (1):138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanshen Lu; Kamel Hooman; Aleks D. Atrens; Hugh Russell. 2017. "An Experimental Facility to Validate Ground Source Heat Pump Optimisation Models for the Australian Climate." Energies 10, no. 1: 138.

Original articles
Published: 13 September 2016 in Heat Transfer Engineering
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This paper reports an investigation into a practical cooling issue on a type of fan-forced finned-tube heat exchangers used in Queensland's coal seam gas (CSG) industry. CSG compression facilities in some production sites suffered underproduction in recent summers because of frequent automatic engine shutdowns. The problem is not expected by the manufacturer's design. However, it is suspected of being related to the control systems on the compression facilities triggering the overheating-protection shutdowns due to possible deficiencies in one or some water/gas cooling loops in the facilities’ air-cooled heat exchangers. Therefore, to understand which heat exchangers and what exact reasons cause the unexpected cooling issue, an investigation has been carried out on the cooler units of the gas compression facilities. A field instrumentation measurement on one operating cooler unit has been done, followed by an analysis using a one-dimensional analytical model and a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. The experimental results are used to validate both the models. Then the cooling performance of the cooler unit under the summer peak condition is predicted by the verified models. The prediction suggests that the water inlet temperature in one particular cooler section is higher than its upper limit defined by the manufacturer, due to poor cooling at high ambient temperatures. The lower cooling performance is caused by large reductions in the cooler air speed and total heat transfer coefficient, which are related to less efficiency of the cooler fans, more airflow resistance, and fouling on both sides of the finned tubes.

ACS Style

Yuanshen Lu; Zhiqiang Guan; Kamel Hooman; Prashant S. Parulekar. An investigation on cooling performance of air-cooled heat exchangers used in coal seam gas production. Heat Transfer Engineering 2016, 38, 1073 -1088.

AMA Style

Yuanshen Lu, Zhiqiang Guan, Kamel Hooman, Prashant S. Parulekar. An investigation on cooling performance of air-cooled heat exchangers used in coal seam gas production. Heat Transfer Engineering. 2016; 38 (11-12):1073-1088.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanshen Lu; Zhiqiang Guan; Kamel Hooman; Prashant S. Parulekar. 2016. "An investigation on cooling performance of air-cooled heat exchangers used in coal seam gas production." Heat Transfer Engineering 38, no. 11-12: 1073-1088.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Xiaoxiao Li; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Yuanshen Lu; Suoying He. Simulation of the UQ Gatton natural draft dry cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering 2016, 105, 1013 -1020.

AMA Style

Xiaoxiao Li, Zhiqiang Guan, Hal Gurgenci, Yuanshen Lu, Suoying He. Simulation of the UQ Gatton natural draft dry cooling tower. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016; 105 ():1013-1020.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoxiao Li; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Yuanshen Lu; Suoying He. 2016. "Simulation of the UQ Gatton natural draft dry cooling tower." Applied Thermal Engineering 105, no. : 1013-1020.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Yuanshen Lu; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Abdullah Alkhedhair; Suoying He. Experimental investigation into the positive effects of a tri-blade-like windbreak wall on small size natural draft dry cooling towers. Applied Thermal Engineering 2016, 105, 1000 -1012.

AMA Style

Yuanshen Lu, Zhiqiang Guan, Hal Gurgenci, Abdullah Alkhedhair, Suoying He. Experimental investigation into the positive effects of a tri-blade-like windbreak wall on small size natural draft dry cooling towers. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016; 105 ():1000-1012.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanshen Lu; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Abdullah Alkhedhair; Suoying He. 2016. "Experimental investigation into the positive effects of a tri-blade-like windbreak wall on small size natural draft dry cooling towers." Applied Thermal Engineering 105, no. : 1000-1012.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Abdullah Alkhedhair; Ingo Jahn; Halim Gurgenci; Zhiqiang Guan; Suoying He; Yuanshen Lu. Numerical simulation of water spray in natural draft dry cooling towers with a new nozzle representation approach. Applied Thermal Engineering 2016, 98, 924 -935.

AMA Style

Abdullah Alkhedhair, Ingo Jahn, Halim Gurgenci, Zhiqiang Guan, Suoying He, Yuanshen Lu. Numerical simulation of water spray in natural draft dry cooling towers with a new nozzle representation approach. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016; 98 ():924-935.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Alkhedhair; Ingo Jahn; Halim Gurgenci; Zhiqiang Guan; Suoying He; Yuanshen Lu. 2016. "Numerical simulation of water spray in natural draft dry cooling towers with a new nozzle representation approach." Applied Thermal Engineering 98, no. : 924-935.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in Energy Conversion and Management
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ACS Style

Yuanshen Lu; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Kamel Hooman; Suoying He; Desikan Bharathan. Experimental study of crosswind effects on the performance of small cylindrical natural draft dry cooling towers. Energy Conversion and Management 2015, 91, 238 -248.

AMA Style

Yuanshen Lu, Zhiqiang Guan, Hal Gurgenci, Kamel Hooman, Suoying He, Desikan Bharathan. Experimental study of crosswind effects on the performance of small cylindrical natural draft dry cooling towers. Energy Conversion and Management. 2015; 91 ():238-248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanshen Lu; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Kamel Hooman; Suoying He; Desikan Bharathan. 2015. "Experimental study of crosswind effects on the performance of small cylindrical natural draft dry cooling towers." Energy Conversion and Management 91, no. : 238-248.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Energy Conversion and Management
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ACS Style

Suoying He; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Kamel Hooman; Yuanshen Lu; Abdullah M. Alkhedhair. Experimental study of the application of two trickle media for inlet air pre-cooling of natural draft dry cooling towers. Energy Conversion and Management 2015, 89, 644 -654.

AMA Style

Suoying He, Zhiqiang Guan, Hal Gurgenci, Kamel Hooman, Yuanshen Lu, Abdullah M. Alkhedhair. Experimental study of the application of two trickle media for inlet air pre-cooling of natural draft dry cooling towers. Energy Conversion and Management. 2015; 89 ():644-654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suoying He; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Kamel Hooman; Yuanshen Lu; Abdullah M. Alkhedhair. 2015. "Experimental study of the application of two trickle media for inlet air pre-cooling of natural draft dry cooling towers." Energy Conversion and Management 89, no. : 644-654.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2014 in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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ACS Style

Yuanshen Lu; Halim Gurgenci; Zhiqiang Guan; Suoying He. The influence of windbreak wall orientation on the cooling performance of small natural draft dry cooling towers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2014, 79, 1059 -1069.

AMA Style

Yuanshen Lu, Halim Gurgenci, Zhiqiang Guan, Suoying He. The influence of windbreak wall orientation on the cooling performance of small natural draft dry cooling towers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2014; 79 ():1059-1069.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanshen Lu; Halim Gurgenci; Zhiqiang Guan; Suoying He. 2014. "The influence of windbreak wall orientation on the cooling performance of small natural draft dry cooling towers." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 79, no. : 1059-1069.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2014 in Energy Conversion and Management
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ACS Style

Suoying He; Zhiqiang Guan; Halim Gurgenci; Kamel Hooman; Yuanshen Lu; Abdullah Alkhedhair. Experimental study of film media used for evaporative pre-cooling of air. Energy Conversion and Management 2014, 87, 874 -884.

AMA Style

Suoying He, Zhiqiang Guan, Halim Gurgenci, Kamel Hooman, Yuanshen Lu, Abdullah Alkhedhair. Experimental study of film media used for evaporative pre-cooling of air. Energy Conversion and Management. 2014; 87 ():874-884.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suoying He; Zhiqiang Guan; Halim Gurgenci; Kamel Hooman; Yuanshen Lu; Abdullah Alkhedhair. 2014. "Experimental study of film media used for evaporative pre-cooling of air." Energy Conversion and Management 87, no. : 874-884.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2014 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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ACS Style

Suoying He; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Ingo Jahn; Yuanshen Lu; Abdullah M. Alkhedhair. Influence of ambient conditions and water flow on the performance of pre-cooled natural draft dry cooling towers. Applied Thermal Engineering 2014, 66, 621 -631.

AMA Style

Suoying He, Zhiqiang Guan, Hal Gurgenci, Ingo Jahn, Yuanshen Lu, Abdullah M. Alkhedhair. Influence of ambient conditions and water flow on the performance of pre-cooled natural draft dry cooling towers. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2014; 66 (1-2):621-631.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suoying He; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Ingo Jahn; Yuanshen Lu; Abdullah M. Alkhedhair. 2014. "Influence of ambient conditions and water flow on the performance of pre-cooled natural draft dry cooling towers." Applied Thermal Engineering 66, no. 1-2: 621-631.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2013 in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
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Crosswind effect on the cooling performance of large natural draft dry cooling towers (NDDCT) has been verified to be unfavourable by many researchers. Small size natural draft cooling towers (height <30 m) proposed for geothermal and other renewable power plants are expected to be more negatively affected. CFD modelling has been carried out to numerically analyse the heat transfer performance of a 15 m-high small NDDCT under different crosswind speeds. Simulations show that, at certain crosswind speeds, the crosswind significantly degrades the cooling performance. However, the negative effect of the crosswind can be turned into positive in small natural draft cooling towers by introducing windbreak walls that guide the air mobilised by crosswind through the heat exchangers. When windbreak walls are used, the results show that the tower performance improves with increased crosswind velocity.

ACS Style

Y. Lu; Z. Guan; Halim Gurgenci; Z. Zou. Windbreak walls reverse the negative effect of crosswind in short natural draft dry cooling towers into a performance enhancement. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2013, 63, 162 -170.

AMA Style

Y. Lu, Z. Guan, Halim Gurgenci, Z. Zou. Windbreak walls reverse the negative effect of crosswind in short natural draft dry cooling towers into a performance enhancement. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2013; 63 ():162-170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y. Lu; Z. Guan; Halim Gurgenci; Z. Zou. 2013. "Windbreak walls reverse the negative effect of crosswind in short natural draft dry cooling towers into a performance enhancement." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 63, no. : 162-170.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2012 in Solar Energy
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This paper presents a new concept of hybrid cooling, named solar enhanced natural draft dry cooling tower (SENDDCT), in which solar collectors are added to traditional natural draft dry cooling towers to increase their performance. The purpose of using solar energy in this new cooling system is to increase the suction through the tower so that more air flow is achieved through the compact heat exchangers that cool condensers of a geothermal power plant. For the same size of the cooling tower, more air flow across the heat exchangers means more heat can be rejected by the system. The governing equations for the SENDDCT are similar to those of a conventional natural draft dry cooling tower except that solar heating is added after the heat exchanger bundles. Performance comparisons show that SENDDCT has substantial advantages over conventional natural draft dry cooling towers for geothermal power plants as well as standalone solar chimney power plants.

ACS Style

Zheng Zou; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Yuanshen Lu. Solar enhanced natural draft dry cooling tower for geothermal power applications. Solar Energy 2012, 86, 2686 -2694.

AMA Style

Zheng Zou, Zhiqiang Guan, Hal Gurgenci, Yuanshen Lu. Solar enhanced natural draft dry cooling tower for geothermal power applications. Solar Energy. 2012; 86 (9):2686-2694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Zou; Zhiqiang Guan; Hal Gurgenci; Yuanshen Lu. 2012. "Solar enhanced natural draft dry cooling tower for geothermal power applications." Solar Energy 86, no. 9: 2686-2694.