Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex and common syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and various functional symptoms without clear structural or pathological causes. Affecting approximately 1–5% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in women, FM significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, often leading to considerable healthcare costs and loss of productivity. Despite its prevalence, the etiology of FM remains elusive, with genetic, environmental, and psychological factors, including nutrition, being implicated. Currently, no universally accepted treatment guidelines exist, and management strategies are often symptomatic. This narrative review explores the potential of a neuronutritional approach to FM management. It synthesizes existing research on the relationship between FM and nutrition, suggesting that dietary interventions could be a promising complementary treatment strategy. Various nutritional interventions, including vitamin D, magnesium, iron, and probiotics supplementation, have shown potential in reducing FM symptoms, such as chronic pain, anxiety, depression, cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and gastrointestinal issues. Additionally, weight loss has been associated with reduced inflammation and improved quality of life in FM patients. The review highlights the anti-inflammatory benefits of plant-based diets and the low-FODMAPs diet, which have shown promise in managing FM symptoms and related gastrointestinal disorders. Supplements such as vitamin D, magnesium, vitamin B12, coenzyme Q10, probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, melatonin, S-adenosylmethionine, and acetyl-l-carnitine are discussed for their potential benefits in FM management through various mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of neurotransmitters, and improvement of mitochondrial function. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of considering neuronutrition as a holistic approach to FM treatment, advocating for further research and clinical trials to establish comprehensive dietary guidelines and to optimize management strategies for FM patients.

Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide, significantly impacting quality of life and imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden. Traditional treatment approaches often rely on a one-size-fits-all strategy, failing to account for individual variations in pathophysiological mechanisms, drivers, and the principles of personalized medicine. Furthermore, an overemphasis on biomechanical findings from imaging may lead to ineffective interventions and unnecessary surgical procedures, obscuring other important factors that contribute to pain perception. While highlighting the limitations of universal treatment approaches, in this review we present a practical clinical approach aimed at elucidating the main pathophysiological mechanisms and various factors underlying the development and maintenance of CNSLBP in order to create a personalized treatment program. In conclusion, this review underscores the need for personalized therapeutic strategies that take into account the unique characteristics of each patient, recognizing the complex interaction of biological, psychological, social, and other factors that contribute to the development of individual pain. By combining a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of this condition, we aim to improve clinical outcomes and provide information on the development of effective personalized treatment algorithms, particularly in the field of neurological practice.

Leveraging advancements in metabolomics and other cutting-edge technologies, precision neuronutrition aims to identify personalized nutrient requirements to optimize brain health outcomes and prevent neurological disorders. The main pathological mechanisms of brain health disruption include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, gut–brain disturbances and nutrient deficiencies. Recent studies have identified biological markers for all those mechanisms. Precision interventions for maintaining brain health and optimizing outcomes include omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, vitamin D, magnesium, coenzyme q10, polyphenols, l-carnitine, prebiotics and probiotics. Precision neuronutrition offers a promising approach to optimizing brain health through personalized nutrient interventions. Continued research in this field holds great potential for improving brain health outcomes.

Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in development of renal parenchyma inflammation during kidney injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor type C (VEGF-C), cytokine that regulates lymphangiogenesis, is a potential early biomarker for acute kidney injury. Aim. To study the concentration of VEGF-C in renal homogenate and blood serum of newborn rats with experimental intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) of varying severity and duration, to establish a relationship with morphological changes in the renal tissue. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 50 newborn Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each: groups 1 and 2 with mild IAH lasting 5 and 10 days, respectively, and groups 3 and 4 with severe IAH lasting 5 and 10 days, respectively, and the control group. IAH was modelled by injecting sterile vaseline into the abdominal cavity to a predetermined level of IAH under the control of intra-vesical manometry. VEGF-C content was measured by ELISA. Morphological examination of the biopsy material and its photography were carried out using a Leica DM2000 microscope. The Mann—Whitney, Kruskal—Wallis, Wilcoxon tests, as well as one-way ANOVA, were used for statistical analysis. Results. The level of VEGF-C in the renal homogenate was increased in all groups (p_c < 0.001); the degree of VEGF-C increase depended on the severity of IAH (p < 0.05) but not on the duration of IAH exposure. The VEGF-C blood serum level was increased only in group 3 (p_c = 0.011). Morphological analysis showed hydropic dystrophy: changes in the height of the tubular epithelium, an increase in interstitial edema, expansion of the urinary spaces of glomeruli. The degree of morphological changes depended on the severity and duration of IAH. Conclusion. Changes in VEGF-C level assessed in the renal homogenate correlated with morphological changes in renal tissue of rats with different severity and duration of IAH.

The book Aging and Human Longevity edited by O.N. Tkacheva was authored by leading Russian gerontologists and geriatricians. It synthesizes both global and Russian advancements in the study of aging. The monograph is composed of two volumes, which systematically investigate the phenomenon of aging and human longevity. Volume 1 focuses on a range of general concepts related to gerontology. The historical overview and the analysis of demographic aspects of aging are supplemented with a discussion of rare phenomena, such as longevity and progeria. The book provides a comprehensive overview of available approaches for biological age estimation and offers a systematic analysis of existing theories of aging. Of particular note is the chapter that addresses geroprotective technologies, which investigates non-pharmacological strategies and the geroprotective potential of pharmacological agents. The authors evaluated the prospects of gene therapy and regenerative medicine, offering a well-balanced view of their application. Volume 2 discusses the phenomenon of organ and system aging. The text describes age-related changes in the immune, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and other systems. It emphasizes the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical symptoms of aging. The book provides an analysis of the most recent advancements in gerontology and a critical review of the controversial hypotheses of aging and geroprotection, which encourages further scientific research. The text targets a broad audience, ranging from biologists and clinicians (e.g., general practitioners, cardiologists, neurologists) to students and researchers. This research will be of particular benefit to specialists who study aging, such as gerontologists and geriatricians.