Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational facilities is crucial due to the extended time students spend in those environments, affecting their health, academic performance, and attendance. This paper aimed to review relevant parameters (building characteristics and factors related with occupancy and activities) for assessing IAQ in educational facilities, and to identify the parameters to consider when performing an IAQ monitoring campaign in schools. It also intended to identify literature gaps and suggest future research directions. A narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on seven key parameters: building location, layout and construction materials, ventilation and air cleaning systems, finishing materials, occupant demographics, occupancy, and activities. The findings revealed that carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels were predominantly influenced by classroom occupancy and ventilation rates, while particulate matter (PM) concentrations were significantly influenced by the building's location, design, and occupant activities. Furthermore, this review highlighted the presence of other pollutants, such as trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), and radon, linking them to specific factors within the school environment. Different IAQ patterns, and consequently different parameters, were observed in various school areas, including classrooms, canteens, gymnasiums, computer rooms, and laboratories. While substantial literature exists on IAQ in schools, significant gaps still remain. This study highlighted the need for more studies in middle and high schools, as well as in other indoor microenvironments within educational settings beyond classrooms. Additionally, it underscored the need for comprehensive exposure assessments, long-term studies, and the impacts of new materials on IAQ including the effects of secondary reactions on surfaces. Seasonal variations and the implications of emerging technologies were also identified as requiring further investigation. Addressing those gaps through targeted research and considering the most updated standards and guidelines for IAQ, could lead to define more effective strategies for improving IAQ and safeguarding the students' health and performance.

In this study, a numerical simulation model and an analytical method are introduced to evaluate the particle collection efficiency and transport phenomena in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). Several complicated physical processes are involved in an ESP, including the turbulent flow, the ionization of gas by corona discharge, particles’ movement, and the displacement of electric charge. The attachment of ions charges suspended particles in the gas media. Then, charged particles in the fluid move towards the collection plate and stick on it. The numerical model comprises the gas flow, electrostatic field, and particle motions. The collection efficiency of the wire-plate type ESP is investigated for the particle diameter range of 0.02 to 10 µm. It is observed that electric field strengths and current densities show considerable variation in the solution domain. Meanwhile, changing supply voltage and charging wire diameters significantly affect the acquired charges on the electrostatic field and particle collecting efficiencies. Simultaneously, the distance between the charging and collecting electrodes and the main fluid inlet velocity has an important effect on the particle collection efficiency. The influence of the different ESP working conditions and particle dimensions on the performance of ESP are investigated and discussed.

Bu çalışmada içinde oturan insan olan bir odanın havasının temizlenmesinde kullanılan taşınabilir hava temizle cihazının performansı incelenmiştir. Cihazın temiz hava besleme menfezinden farklı üfleme açıları ve üfleme hızlarının cihazın temizleme performansına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda temiz hava dağıtım oranı (CADR) ve hava yaşı parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler ve hesaplamalar çerçevesinde temizlenmiş havanın farklı açı ve hızlarda üflenmesi cihaz performansını etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Oda içerisinde ortalama hava yaşı üfleme hızı ile ters orantılı olduğu görülmüştür. Üfleme hızı arttıkça ortalama hava yaşında yarı yarıya azalma meydana gelmektedir. Temiz hava dağıtım oranı ve hava yaşı değerleri karşılaştırılarak en uygun üfleme hız ve açıları belirlenmiştir.

Airborne particles have a significant effect on human health in enclosed volumes like rooms and office areas. Particle distribution in these spaces should be well known to understand how heating systems may harm to human regarding to respirable particles. In this study, being a major low temperature system aiming energy efficiency, the floor heating system was examined in terms of on particle distribution in a room numerically. When particle concentration come into question, floor heating systems should be evaluated and compared with other heating choices. The effects of five different air change rates on five different particle size were investigated by finite volume method using Eulerian-Lagrangian model. In this study, the effect of drag, lift, thermophoretic and Brownian forces were considered. It is found that, air change rate is a critical factor to obtain desired indoor air quality but outdoor air conditions may worsen the indoor quality due to air pollution.

In this study, the IR heated stress relieve oven was experimentally and theoretically examined. In experimental measurements, temperature was measured on headlight surface, placed in IR oven at various conveyor speeds and various distances between IR lamps and headlight surface. In theoretical study, a mathematical model was developed for the headlights surface temperature by using heat transfer theory. The results obtained by the mathematical model and the measurement showed very good agreement with a 6.5 % average error. It is shown that mathematical models can be used to estimate the surface temperatures when the oven is operated under different conditions.