This paper presents the results of research on obtaining biochar from agricultural plant waste such as rice husk and straw. The selection of the optimal conditions for thermolysis, such as the duration and temperature of the process, has been conducted. The thermolysis products are characterized for iodine adsorption activity, cumulative water pore volume, and for bulk density. The porous structure of the obtained products has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been found that biochars obtained from husk and straw with a thermolysis duration of 30 minutes have low iodine sorption characteristics and water pore volumes. With an increase in the duration of thermolysis, the sorption characteristics improve, the optimal for the husk is the thermolysis duration of 60 minutes at a temperature of 500°C, and for straw, the optimal thermolysis duration is 60 minutes at a temperature of 300°C. The best option is biochar obtained from rice straw at a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 300°C, having an iodine adsorption activity of 54.61%, a cumulative water pore volume of 0.941 cm3/g and a bulk density of 169.29 g/dm3. The obtained biochars from rice husk and straw have been studied by scanning electron microscopy at 4300 and 5000 times magnification, and they have a developed porous structure. According to the literature, it is known that biochar can also be used as a renewable energy source. Research has been carried out to determine the calorific value of the obtained biochars. To compare the calorific value of rice husk, straw and the obtained biochars, their heating values have been determined on a calorimeter. The highest heating value has a biochar obtained from husk at a duration of 60 minutes and at a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 17.520 kJ/g, the optimal for biochar obtained from straw is a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 16.451 kJ/g. The experimental data obtained make it possible to use the obtained biochar from rice straw in the future as a biofertilizer to improve the characteristics of soils, as well as to use biochar obtained from rice husk to produce renewable fuel.

As a result of this study, the first representative of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid containing a furopyridine fragment was obtained. It was demonstrated that this coumarin-3-carboxylic acid readily forms salts with various organic amines, diamines, as well as with alkali metal cations (Na, K) and ammonia. Testing of all obtained compounds against tumor cell lines M-HeLa and HuTu 80 revealed that a number of salt structures (specifically those based on 2-aminopyridine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, or sodium) exhibit cytotoxicity comparable to the reference drug, 5-fluorouracil.

This article studies the influence of the nature of the carrier from rice wastes on the sorption properties of lithium-containing sorbents, and also considers the impact of the modifying additive (K₂CO₃) and adsorption temperature on their characteristics. It has been shown that the sorption capacity of 11LiK/SiO₂ at 500 °C reached 36%, which is associated with the formation of lithium orthosilicate in the sorbent composition, as well as with an increase in the specific surface area of the sorbent. After 12 cycles of sorption–desorption, it was found that the sorption capacity of 11LiK/SiO₂ for CO₂ decreased by only 8%. Rice waste-based sorbents have a high sorption capacity for CO₂ at high temperatures, which allows them to be used for carbon dioxide capture. The results of this study indicate the prospects of using agricultural residues to create effective adsorbents that contribute to reducing environmental pollution and combating global warming.

Бұл мақалада белсендірілген көмір алу үшін күріш қалдығымен мұнай қалдығына байланыстырушы карбоксиметилцеллюлозаның әсері зерттелді. Күріш қалдығы (қауызы және сабаны) мен мұнай шламын бірге өңдеу арқылы брикеттелген белсендірілген көмір алу үшін қоспаға карбоксиметилцеллюлоза қосылды. Брикетті карбонизациялау және белсендіру кварцты шыныдан жасалған түтікте ұзындығы 300 мм және диаметрі 60 мм, қыздыру бөлімінің ұзындығы 200 мм болатын BR-12 NFT сериялы жоғары температуралы вакуумдық түтікті пеште жүргізілді. Пешке күріш қалдығы (қауызы мен сабаны), мұнай шламы және карбоксиметилцеллюлоза қосу арқылы алынған брикет орналастырылды. Карбонизация 500ºС температурада, белсендіру 850ºС температурада 2:1 қатынаста су буымен жүргізілді. Күріш қалдығы мен мұнай шламына карбоксиметилцеллюлоза байланыстырғышын қосу қатынастарының өнім қасиетіне әсері зерттелді. Қоспаны бірге өңдеудің оңтайлы қатынасы күріш қауызы:мұнай шламы: карбоксиметилцеллюлоза = 9:1:2 (массалары бойынша) қатынастары табылды. Алынған өнімнің йод бойынша адсорбциялық белсенділігі, су бойынша жалпы кеуектер көлемі, ылғалдың массалық үлесі, метилен көгі бойынша адсорбциялық белсенділігі және үйінділік тығыздығы тәрізді көрсеткіштер зерттелді. Жүргізілген зерттеулер нәтижесі бойынша белсендірілген көмірдің құрамындағы карбоксиметилцеллюлоза мөлшері артқан сайын оның собрциялық қасиетінің артатындығы байқалды. Күріш қауызынан алынған белсендірілген көмір жоғары сорбциялық қасиетке ие.Тәжірибелік зерттеулер нәтижесі бойынша 9:1:2 қатынастағы күріш қауызы мен мұнай шламы және карбоксиметилцеллюлозаны қосу арқылы алынған белсендірілген көмір БАУ-А маркасына сәйкес келеді.

This work presents the synthesis routes for the first representatives of cadmium complexes based on 1,2-bis(arylimino)acenaphthene (Ar-bian). The reaction of CdCl₂ with bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimino)acenaphthene (tmp-bian) in a 1-to-1 molar ratio led to a dimeric complex [Cd₂(tmp-bian)₂Cl₂(µ-Cl)₂] (1). Further treatment of complex 1 with silver triflate as a chloride-eliminating agent, followed by the addition of one equivalent of tmp-bian, resulted in the formation of a mixture consisting of [Cd₂(tmp-bian)₂(H₂O)₄(µ-Cl)₂](OTf)₂ (2) and [Cd(tmp-bian)₂(OTf)₂] (3). To obtain complex 3 in its individual form, a reaction of Cd(OTf)₂ with two equivalents of tmp-bian was carried out. The characterization of the complexes was conducted through a range of analytical methods, including X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, as well as IR and ¹H NMR-spectroscopies. Redox properties of 1 and 3 were investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammograms revealed irreversible reduction processes centered on the tmp-bian ligand, which were confirmed by quantum chemical calculations.

This article examines the effect of lignosulfonate binding of rice waste to oil waste to obtain activated carbon. Lignosulfonate was added to the mixture to produce briquetted activated carbon by processing rice residue (husk and straw) and oil sludge together. The mixture was carbonized and activated in a BR-12 NFT series high-temperature vacuum tube furnace with a length of 300 mm and a diameter of 60 mm and a heating section length of 200 mm in a quartz glass tube. Briquettes obtained by adding rice waste (husks and straw), oil sludge and lignosulfonate were placed in the kiln. Carbonation was carried out at a temperature of 500°C, activation was carried out at a temperature of 850°C in a ratio of 2: 1 with water vapor. The effect of the relationship of the addition of lignosulfonate binder to rice residue and oil sludge on the product properties was studied. The optimal ratio of co-treatment of the mixture was found in the ratio of rice residue: oil sludge: lignosulfonate = 9: 1: 2 (by weight). The adsorption activity of the obtained product on iodine, the total volume of pores on water, the mass fraction of moisture, the adsorption activity on methylene blue and the bulk density were studied. Activated carbon obtained from both rice straw and rice husk has high sorption properties. According to the results of experimental studies, activated carbon obtained by adding lignosulfonate to rice straw and oil sludge in a ratio of 9: 1: 2 corresponds to the brands BAС-A, WAC, BAC-Au.