This paper presents the results of research on obtaining biochar from agricultural plant waste such as rice husk and straw. The selection of the optimal conditions for thermolysis, such as the duration and temperature of the process, has been conducted. The thermolysis products are characterized for iodine adsorption activity, cumulative water pore volume, and for bulk density. The porous structure of the obtained products has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of the research conducted, it has been found that biochars obtained from husk and straw with a thermolysis duration of 30 minutes have low iodine sorption characteristics and water pore volumes. With an increase in the duration of thermolysis, the sorption characteristics improve, the optimal for the husk is the thermolysis duration of 60 minutes at a temperature of 500°C, and for straw, the optimal thermolysis duration is 60 minutes at a temperature of 300°C. The best option is biochar obtained from rice straw at a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 300°C, having an iodine adsorption activity of 54.61%, a cumulative water pore volume of 0.941 cm3/g and a bulk density of 169.29 g/dm3. The obtained biochars from rice husk and straw have been studied by scanning electron microscopy at 4300 and 5000 times magnification, and they have a developed porous structure. According to the literature, it is known that biochar can also be used as a renewable energy source. Research has been carried out to determine the calorific value of the obtained biochars. To compare the calorific value of rice husk, straw and the obtained biochars, their heating values have been determined on a calorimeter. The highest heating value has a biochar obtained from husk at a duration of 60 minutes and at a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 17.520 kJ/g, the optimal for biochar obtained from straw is a duration of 60 minutes and a thermolysis temperature of 400°C with a value of 16.451 kJ/g. The experimental data obtained make it possible to use the obtained biochar from rice straw in the future as a biofertilizer to improve the characteristics of soils, as well as to use biochar obtained from rice husk to produce renewable fuel.

The article provides data on the determination of morphological features and bioecological features of the development of a particularly dangerous object Tuta absoluta (Povlony) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In greenhouses and laboratory conditions, the imago begins to actively mate 3-4 hours before sunrise. In laboratory conditions, females lay eggs on the surface of leaves (35%), below (45%), stems (15%), fruit leaves (5%), but the fruit was not laid. After hatching from the eggs, the larvae chew through the entrance to the mesoderm of the leaf and penetrate for 5 minutes. The Larva Of T. absoluta is almost cylindrical in shape, with a distinct head, three pairs of pectoral legs, and five pairs of ventral pseudopods. After completing all five stages of development, the larvae emerge from the mine, and sometimes pupate there. Before pupation, the larva changes its color from dark green to light green. The pupa of the tomato moth, as in other Lepidoptera, is of the “obtecto " type, that is, with the future appendages of adults. It has the shape of a cone 4.5-5 mm long and 1.3-1.5 mm wide, greenish in color, turning to a more intense brown, and at the end of development becomes brown. In the population, females predominate over males. At a temperature of 15°C and 33°C the ratio of female to female life expectancy varies. The higher the air temperature, the more females predominate in the population.

A BSTRACT: Background: Chlorinated pesticides and related persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [TCDD]), and hexachlorobenzene, are persistent environmental contaminants whose reproductive effects have been studied predominantly in women, leaving evidence for male reproductive health fragmented. Objective: To summarize human evidence on exposure-response relationships between chlorinated pesticides, related POPs, and male fertility outcomes. Methods: A structured, nonsystematic search was conducted in PubMed, OpenAlex, and Elicit, covering chlorinated pesticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, lindane, dieldrin, aldrin, endosulfan, chlordecone, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane [DBCP]) and related POPs (PCBs/CB-153, TCDD/dioxins, hexachlorobenzene). Studies were included if they assessed human males, measured exposure, reported a fertility outcome, and provided a quantifiable exposure measure, per CINAR narrative-review guidelines. Results: The most consistent finding was an inverse exposure-response association with sperm motility, with formal dose-response evidence shown for compounds such as CB-153, p,p’-DDE, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), TCDD, and DBCP, while γ-HCH showed a binary exposure-response association (detectable versus non-detectable) rather than a formally tested dose-response trend. Sperm concentration and morphology showed less consistent associations, evident mainly during peripubertal exposure. A “testosterone paradox” emerged: very high chronic exposures were associated with elevated testosterone and estradiol, whereas moderate exposures showed suppression, though the mechanism remains hypothetical. Developmental timing critically modified effects, and exposure-response associations, including dose-response trends, were also documented for sperm DNA fragmentation, aneuploidy, and epigenetic alterations. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests exposure-response associations between chlorinated pesticides, related POPs, and impaired male fertility, most consistently sperm motility, with developmental timing as an important effect modifier. Given the largely cross-sectional evidence base, causal inference should remain cautious. Prospective cohorts assessing developmental exposure windows are needed, particularly in under-studied regions such as Central Asia.