The formation of tin dendritic nanostructures by electrolysis from the alkaline electrolyte has been investigated. Morphology and structure of Sn dendrites produced applying both potentiostatic and galvanostatic regimes of the electrolysis are characterized by SEM and XRD, respectively. Depending on the applied cathodic potentials, three types of Sn dendrites were obtained: (a) needle-like and spear-like, (b) fern-like, and (c) stem-like dendrites. The very branchy dendrites with branches of the prismatic shape obtained by the galvanostatic regime of electrolysis represented a novel type of Sn dendrites, not previously reported in the literature. To explain the formation of various dendritic forms, correlation with the polarization characteristics for this electrodeposition system is considered. The needle-like and the spear-like dendrites represented monocrystals of (200),(400) preferred orientation, the fern-like dendrites exhibited the predominant (220),(440) preferred orientation, while in the stem-like particles Sn crystallites were oriented to a greater extent in the (440) crystal plane than in other planes. The galvanostatically synthesized Sn particles possessed the strong (200),(400) preferred orientation. The strong influence of parameters and regimes of electrodeposition on structural characteristics of Sn dendrites is explained by the fundamental laws of electrocrystallization taking into consideration the concept of slow-growing and fast-growing crystal planes.

The correlation between the morphology and crystal structure of zinc dendritic particles produced by electrolysis from the alkaline electrolyte has been established. Morphology and crystal structure of Zn particles electrodeposited by the potentiostatic regime of electrolysis at overpotentials inside (−100 and −160 mV) and outside (−220, −280, and −340 mV) the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The particle size distribution (PSD) was performed in order to determine the dependency of the size of dendritic particles on applied electrolysis overpotential. With increasing the overpotential of electrolysis, the shape of particles changed from irregular forms denoted as precursors of dendrites to various forms of dendrites, while the size of the particles simultaneously decreased. All types of Zn dendrites exhibited the strong (002) preferred orientation, while the precursors of dendrites exhibited (101)(002) preferred orientation. The development of strong (002) preferred orientation was explained and discussed by making an analogy with the electrolytic production of lead dendrites from the concentrated nitrate electrolyte. Although zinc and lead belong to different types of crystal lattice (Pb-face-centered cubic type and Zn-hexagonal close-packed type), they have a common characteristic that is manifested by the strong preferred orientation in the crystal plane with the lowest surface energy.

This study presents an analysis of films which consist of two layers; one layer is PVDF as the matrix, along with fillers BaTiO₃ (BT), and the second is one bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) filled with Fe₃O₄. The mass fraction of BT in PVDF was 5%, and the samples were differentiated based on the duration of the mechanical activation of BT. This innovative PVDF laminate polymer with environmentally friendly fillers aligns with the concept of circular usage, resulting in a reduction in plastic content and potential improvement of the piezoelectric properties of the entire composite. This work presents new, multifunctional “green” packaging materials that potentially could be a good alternative to specific popular materials used for this purpose. The synthesis of the films was carried out using the hot press method. Tensile tests, water vapor permeability examination, and structural analyses using SEM-EDS and FTIR have been conducted. The sample PVDF/BT20/BNC/Fe₃O₄ exhibited the best barrier properties (impermeability to water vapor), while the highest tensile strength and toughness were exhibited by the PVDF/BT5/BNC/Fe₃O₄ sample.

In the search for environmentally friendly materials with a wide range of properties, polymer composites have emerged as a promising alternative due to their multifunctional properties. This study focuses on the synthesis of composite materials consisting of four components: bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) modified with magnetic Fe₃O₄, and a mixture of BaTiO₃ (BT) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The BT powder was mechanically activated prior to mixing with PVDF. The influence of BT mechanical activation and BNC with magnetic particles on the PVDF matrix was investigated. The obtained composite films’ structural characteristics, morphology, and dielectric properties are presented. This research provides insights into the relationship between mechanical activation of the filler and structural and dielectric properties in the PVDF/BT/BNC/Fe₃O₄ system, creating the way for the development of materials with a wide range of diverse properties that support the concept of green technologies.

The anodic oxidation of titanium implants is a practical, cost-effective method to enhance implant success, especially due to rising hypersensitivity concerns. This study investigated the electrochemical behavior, surface characteristics, and biocompatibility of anodized commercially pure titanium (cpTi, grade IV). Anodization is performed on polished, cleaned cpTi sheet samples in 1 M H₂SO₄ using a constant voltage of 15 V for 15 and 45 min. The color of the oxide layer is evaluated using the CIELab color space, while composition is analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are performed to identify and monitor the phase transformations of the formed titanium oxides. Corrosion measurements are performed in 9 g L⁻¹ NaCl, pH = 7.4, and show the excellent corrosion stability of the anodized samples in comparison with pure titanium. The biological response is assessed by determining mitochondrial activity and gene expression in human fibroblasts. Anodized surfaces, particularly Ti-45, promote higher mitochondrial activity and the upregulation of adhesion-related genes (N-cadherin and Vimentin) in human gingival fibroblasts, indicating improved biocompatibility and the potential for enhanced early soft tissue integration.

Anodic oxidation of titanium implants is a practical, cost-effective method to enhance implant success, especially due to rising hypersensitivity concerns. This study investigated the electrochemical behavior, surface characteristics, and biocompatibility of anodized commercially pure titanium (cpTi, grade IV). Anodization is performed on polished, cleaned cpTi sheet samples in 1 M H2SO4 using a constant voltage of 15 V for 15 and 45 min. The color of oxide layer is evaluated using CIELab color space, while composition is analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are performed to identify and monitor phase transformations of formed titanium oxides. Corrosion measurements are performed in 9 g L–1 NaCl, pH = 7.4, and shows excellent corrosion stability of the anodized samples in comparison with pure titanium. Biological response is assessed by mitochondrial activity and gene expression of human fibroblasts. Anodized surfaces, particularly Ti-45, promoted higher mitochondrial activity and upregulation of adhesion-related genes (N-cadherin and Vimentin) in human gingival fibroblasts, indicating improved biocompatibility and potential for enhanced early soft tissue integration.