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Gamini Jayasinghe
Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia

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Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in IEEE Access
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This paper surveys current literature on modeling methods, control techniques, protection schemes, applications, and real-world implementations pertaining to grid forming inverters (GFMIs). Electric power systems are increasingly being augmented with inverter-based resources (IBRs). While having a growing share of IBRs, conventional synchronous generator-based voltage and frequency control mechanisms are still prevalent in the power industry. Therefore, IBRs are experiencing a growing demand for mimicking the behavior of synchronous generators, which is not possible with conventional grid following inverters (GFLIs). As a solution, the concept of GFMIs is currently emerging, which is drawing increased attention from academia and the industry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of GFMIs covering recent advancements in control technologies, fault ride-through capabilities, stability enhancement measures, and practical implementations. Moreover, the challenges in adding GFMIs into existing power systems, including a seamless transition from grid-connected mode to the standalone mode and vice versa, are also discussed in detail. Recently commissioned projects in Australia, the UK, and the US are taken as examples to highlight the trend in the power industry in adding GFMIs to address issues related to weak grid scenarios. Research directions in terms of voltage control, frequency control, system strength improvement, and regulatory framework are also discussed. This paper serves as a resource for researchers and power system engineers exploring solutions to the emerging problems with high penetration of IBRs, focusing on GFMIs.

ACS Style

Dayan B. Rathnayake; Milad Akrami; Chitaranjan Phurailatpam; Si Phu Me; Sajjad Hadavi; Gamini Jayasinghe; Sasan Zabihi; Behrooz Bahrani. Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 114781 -114807.

AMA Style

Dayan B. Rathnayake, Milad Akrami, Chitaranjan Phurailatpam, Si Phu Me, Sajjad Hadavi, Gamini Jayasinghe, Sasan Zabihi, Behrooz Bahrani. Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():114781-114807.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dayan B. Rathnayake; Milad Akrami; Chitaranjan Phurailatpam; Si Phu Me; Sajjad Hadavi; Gamini Jayasinghe; Sasan Zabihi; Behrooz Bahrani. 2021. "Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications." IEEE Access 9, no. : 114781-114807.

Review
Published: 03 June 2021 in IEEE Access
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This paper discusses contemporary problems concerning ship microgrids. It focuses on the role of power electronics and power quality issues, both conventional, such as voltage and frequency variations, and new issues, such as waveform distortions ensuing from the wide proliferation of power electronics in ship microgrids. The paper also contains a discussion on the provisions of the Unified Requirements of International Association of Classification Societies and other leading power quality standards in the industry, with an emphasis on Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) definition. An overview of power converters for high power applications in ships and their impact on ship networks is also given. Next, original results of various power quality phenomena recorded in ship microgrids are presented and commented on, followed by a review and recommendations for maritime microgrid modeling and signal processing methods for power quality assessment in the discussed systems. Finally, preliminary proposals for power quality control are presented.

ACS Style

Tomasz Tarasiuk; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Mariusz Gorniak; Andrzej Pilat; Viknash Shagar; Wenzhao Liu; Josep M. Guerrero. Review of Power Quality Issues in Maritime Microgrids. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 81798 -81817.

AMA Style

Tomasz Tarasiuk, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe, Mariusz Gorniak, Andrzej Pilat, Viknash Shagar, Wenzhao Liu, Josep M. Guerrero. Review of Power Quality Issues in Maritime Microgrids. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 (99):81798-81817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Tarasiuk; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Mariusz Gorniak; Andrzej Pilat; Viknash Shagar; Wenzhao Liu; Josep M. Guerrero. 2021. "Review of Power Quality Issues in Maritime Microgrids." IEEE Access 9, no. 99: 81798-81817.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2020 in Energy
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Challenging frequency control issues, such as the reliability and security of the power system, arise when increasing penetration levels of inverter-interfaced generation are imposed. As a result of the displacement of convention generation in favour of renewable energy sources, the reduction of frequency response capabilities can be seen. A promising method of overcoming the aforementioned challenges is to utilise Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which provides frequency support by injecting instantaneous power to the grid and back up the conventional generation systems. However, large battery systems increase the cost while inadequate battery capacities result in poor performance. This paper, therefore, proposes an approach for finding the optimum BESS size for an islanded microgrid power system. The determination of the optimum BESS size is based on an existing case study, under which the most severe contingencies of generation loss and load loss have been accounted for, as well as different levels of penetration of renewable energy sources. As a result of using meta-heuristic optimization (Grey Wolf Optimization), the constraint optimization problem has been identified as BESS sizing. Through the use of real-time simulation DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, estimated BESS size can be applied to a standalone microgrid to test the frequency of support capabilities. The simulation has made it apparent that through the selection of the optimum BESS size, the system frequency response is not only mitigated, but improved.

ACS Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi; Hung Duc Nguyen; Thair S. Mahmoud; S.D.G. Jayasinghe; Josep M. Guerrero. Optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for dynamic frequency control in an islanded microgrid: A case study of Flinders Island, Australia. Energy 2020, 195, 117059 .

AMA Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi, Hung Duc Nguyen, Thair S. Mahmoud, S.D.G. Jayasinghe, Josep M. Guerrero. Optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for dynamic frequency control in an islanded microgrid: A case study of Flinders Island, Australia. Energy. 2020; 195 ():117059.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi; Hung Duc Nguyen; Thair S. Mahmoud; S.D.G. Jayasinghe; Josep M. Guerrero. 2020. "Optimal sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems for dynamic frequency control in an islanded microgrid: A case study of Flinders Island, Australia." Energy 195, no. : 117059.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2019 in Applied Ocean Research
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Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are increasingly being used in advanced applications that require them to operate in tandem with human divers and around underwater infrastructure and other vehicles. These applications require precise control of the UUVs which is challenging due to the non-linear and time varying nature of the hydrodynamic forces, presence of external disturbances, uncertainties and unexpected changes that can occur within the UUV’s operating environment. Adaptive control has been identified as a promising solution to achieve desired control within such dynamic environments. Nevertheless, adaptive control in its basic form, such as Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) has a trade-off between the adaptation rate and transient performance. Even though, higher adaptation rates produce better performance they can lead to instabilities and actuator fatigue due to high frequency oscillations in the control signal. Command Governor Adaptive Control (CGAC) is a possible solution to achieve better transient performance at low adaptation rates. In this study CGAC has been experimentally validated for depth control of a UUV, which is a unique challenge due to the unavailability of full state measurement and a greater thrust requirement. These in turn leads to additional noise from state estimation, time-delays from input noise filters, higher energy expenditure and susceptibility to saturation. Experimental results show that CGAC is more robust against noise and time-delays and has lower energy expenditure and thruster saturation. In addition, CGAC offers better tracking, disturbance rejection and tolerance to partial thruster failure compared to the MRAC.

ACS Style

Charita D. Makavita; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Hung D. Nguyen; Dev Ranmuthugala. Experimental Study of a Command Governor Adaptive Depth Controller for an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle. Applied Ocean Research 2019, 86, 61 -72.

AMA Style

Charita D. Makavita, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe, Hung D. Nguyen, Dev Ranmuthugala. Experimental Study of a Command Governor Adaptive Depth Controller for an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle. Applied Ocean Research. 2019; 86 ():61-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charita D. Makavita; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Hung D. Nguyen; Dev Ranmuthugala. 2019. "Experimental Study of a Command Governor Adaptive Depth Controller for an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle." Applied Ocean Research 86, no. : 61-72.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2019 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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ACS Style

Rumesh H. Merien-Paul; Hossein Enshaei; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. Effects of fuel-specific energy and operational demands on cost/emission estimates: A case study on heavy fuel-oil vs liquefied natural gas. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2019, 69, 77 -89.

AMA Style

Rumesh H. Merien-Paul, Hossein Enshaei, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. Effects of fuel-specific energy and operational demands on cost/emission estimates: A case study on heavy fuel-oil vs liquefied natural gas. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2019; 69 ():77-89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rumesh H. Merien-Paul; Hossein Enshaei; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. 2019. "Effects of fuel-specific energy and operational demands on cost/emission estimates: A case study on heavy fuel-oil vs liquefied natural gas." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 69, no. : 77-89.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2018 in 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES)
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An analytical method to derive a DC-DC converter topology for an arbitrary voltage conversion ratio is presented in this paper. The proposed method can be employed to derive DC-DC converters based on single and multiple inductors. The derivation of DC-DC converters having single inductor is explained in detail with a brief introduction to the multiple inductor derivation. The basic switching cells that can be incorporated into the single inductor based converters to obtain higher gain is introduced. Furthermore, their use to realize existing converter topologies is illustrated to validate the applicability of the proposed method to derive converters having an arbitrary gain.

ACS Style

Thilina. S. Ambagahawaththa; Dulika Nayanasiri; Ajith Pasqual; S. G. D Jayasinghe. An Analytical Method to Derive a DC-DC Converter for an Arbitrary Voltage Conversion Ratio. 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES) 2018, 11 -16.

AMA Style

Thilina. S. Ambagahawaththa, Dulika Nayanasiri, Ajith Pasqual, S. G. D Jayasinghe. An Analytical Method to Derive a DC-DC Converter for an Arbitrary Voltage Conversion Ratio. 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). 2018; ():11-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thilina. S. Ambagahawaththa; Dulika Nayanasiri; Ajith Pasqual; S. G. D Jayasinghe. 2018. "An Analytical Method to Derive a DC-DC Converter for an Arbitrary Voltage Conversion Ratio." 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES) , no. : 11-16.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2018 in 2018 IEEE 4th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC)
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The move towards incorporating more-electric solutions in the transportation sector has gained increased momentum during the last decade. Cost of fossil fuels and environmental impacts of emissions are the main driving factors behind this growing trend. Nevertheless, advancements in battery technologies are the key enablers for the wide- spread application of electric alternatives in a more realistic manner. This paper looks into this trend from electric ferries perspective and presents a technical and economic feasibility assessment. The technical study includes sizing of the battery storage system based on Depth-of- Discharge (DOD) and maximum load scenario. The proposed sizing is validated against the measured load profile. The economic study includes initial investment, operational cost and maintenance cost of a battery powered electric ferry. The economic analysis considered the payback period (PBP) and battery lifecycles as assessment factors. The technical assessment results revealed that the proposed battery system can efficiently power the ferry within the stipulated DOD range. The maximum DOD achieved is 70 %, which provided a reasonable lifetime of 10.7 years. The economic analysis revealed that the battery's DOD has significant effects on the investment cost of the system and the PBP. The PBP is found to be 6.7 years which is 37 % less than the lifetime of the battery. Overall, the battery-powered ferry is found to be feasible with 51.3% operational costs saving compared to the diesel-electric alternative.

ACS Style

Monaaf D. A. Al-Falahi; James Coleiro; S. D. G. Jayasinghe; Hossein Enshaei; Vikram Garaniya; Craig Baguley; Udaya. Madawala. Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Battery- Powered Ferries. 2018 IEEE 4th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC) 2018, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Monaaf D. A. Al-Falahi, James Coleiro, S. D. G. Jayasinghe, Hossein Enshaei, Vikram Garaniya, Craig Baguley, Udaya. Madawala. Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Battery- Powered Ferries. 2018 IEEE 4th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC). 2018; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monaaf D. A. Al-Falahi; James Coleiro; S. D. G. Jayasinghe; Hossein Enshaei; Vikram Garaniya; Craig Baguley; Udaya. Madawala. 2018. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Battery- Powered Ferries." 2018 IEEE 4th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC) , no. : 1-7.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2018 in 2018 IEEE 4th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC)
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This paper presents thermal modelling of a Lithium-ion battery module designed to power a fully electric ferry. The operation requirement is to recharge the battery energy storage system within 13 minutes. This presents a thermal management problem with the battery generating excessive heat whilst charging at a rate of 3.45C. To mitigate this problem the battery was analyzed using the ANSYS Fluent software under various cooling methods applied. The results of this analysis revealed that the temperature of the battery can be maintained in the optimal range using an air cooling system.

ACS Style

Erik Alston; Shantha Jayasinghe; Craig Baguley; Udaya Madawala. Thermal Management of an Electric Ferry Lithium-Ion Battery System. 2018 IEEE 4th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC) 2018, 1 -4.

AMA Style

Erik Alston, Shantha Jayasinghe, Craig Baguley, Udaya Madawala. Thermal Management of an Electric Ferry Lithium-Ion Battery System. 2018 IEEE 4th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC). 2018; ():1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erik Alston; Shantha Jayasinghe; Craig Baguley; Udaya Madawala. 2018. "Thermal Management of an Electric Ferry Lithium-Ion Battery System." 2018 IEEE 4th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC) , no. : 1-4.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2018 in 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES)
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This paper proposes a high step-up boost converter family which is based on a switched coupled inductor (SCL) and a voltage litter cell. The derivation of converter topologies of the family using SCL and voltage litter cell is explained in detail. The operation of the converters is explained using the converter which has the highest gain. The operation of the other converter topologies can be explained using a similar approach. The converter with the highest gain is theoretically analyzed assuming its operation in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) to obtain expressions for the static voltage gain, capacitor voltages, voltage stresses of switching elements, inductor currents and boundary mode operation. The operation of the converter is validated using simulation assuming near ideal conditions.

ACS Style

Thilina. S. Ambagahawaththa; Dulika Nayanasiri; S.G. D Jayasinghe. Family of Boost Converters Based on Switched Coupled Inductor and Voltage Lifter Cell. 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES) 2018, 252 -257.

AMA Style

Thilina. S. Ambagahawaththa, Dulika Nayanasiri, S.G. D Jayasinghe. Family of Boost Converters Based on Switched Coupled Inductor and Voltage Lifter Cell. 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). 2018; ():252-257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thilina. S. Ambagahawaththa; Dulika Nayanasiri; S.G. D Jayasinghe. 2018. "Family of Boost Converters Based on Switched Coupled Inductor and Voltage Lifter Cell." 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES) , no. : 252-257.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2018 in 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES)
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This paper focuses on developing a power management system (PMS) for a grid connected oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter with a battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system. The main objective of the PMS is to transfer large power pulses present in the input to the energy storage elements and thereby maintain smooth power delivery to the grid. In addition, maintaining state of charge (SOC) of the battery and supercapacitor within safe limits and ensuring sufficient reserves are other objectives of the PMS. In the proposed PMS, power sharing between energy storage elements is determined based on the deviation of the supercapacitor SOC from the mid-point and its rate of change. Moreover, the power commitment to the grid is adjusted based on the deviation of battery SOC from the mid-point and its rate of change. Successful operation of the proposed PMS is verified using MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Apart from that, the variable speed operation of the turbine is also simulated to observe its effect on the supercapacitor sizing. Simulation results show that the variable speed operation help reduce required capacity of the supercapacitor.

ACS Style

Gimara Rajapakse; Shantha Jayasinghe; Alan Fleming. Power Management of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter with Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage. 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES) 2018, 246 -251.

AMA Style

Gimara Rajapakse, Shantha Jayasinghe, Alan Fleming. Power Management of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter with Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage. 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). 2018; ():246-251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gimara Rajapakse; Shantha Jayasinghe; Alan Fleming. 2018. "Power Management of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter with Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage." 2018 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES) , no. : 246-251.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2018 in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering
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In today's underwater environment, complex missions, such as underwater repair and docking operations, require precise control to maneuver unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) in extremely demanding operating conditions. Although numerous control methodologies have been used for UUVs, adaptive control is considered a promising solution due to its inherent ability to adapt to uncertainty and parameter variations. Nevertheless, it is handicapped by the tradeoff between low adaptive gains and tracking performance. Low gains are preferred to maintain stability and obtain smooth control signals. However, the resulting tracking performance, especially during transients operations, does not allow for precise maneuvering. A possible solution is model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with composite adaptation modification, which uses a prediction error in addition to the tracking error to improve learning without increasing the adaptive gains. Even though this is not a new modification to adaptive control, there is little evidence in the public domain of extensive experimental validations and quantitative analysis under low adaptive gains, especially for underwater operations. Furthermore, newer versions, such as composite MRAC (CMRAC) and predictor-based MRAC (PMRAC), offer several additional advantages. In previous publications, the authors have verified CMRAC and PMRAC for UUVs through computer simulations. Thus, this paper focuses on the experimental validation of CMRAC and PMRAC fitted to a UUV, comparing their performance under normal operations, partial thruster failure, and external disturbances. The results indicate that, while both CMRAC and PMRAC show improvements over MRAC, PMRAC has a substantial advantage over CMRAC and is recommended for future UUV applications.

ACS Style

Charita Darshana Makavita; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Hung Duc Nguyen; Dev Ranmuthugala. Experimental Comparison of Two Composite MRAC Methods for UUV Operations With Low Adaptation Gains. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 2018, 45, 227 -246.

AMA Style

Charita Darshana Makavita, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe, Hung Duc Nguyen, Dev Ranmuthugala. Experimental Comparison of Two Composite MRAC Methods for UUV Operations With Low Adaptation Gains. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 2018; 45 (1):227-246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charita Darshana Makavita; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Hung Duc Nguyen; Dev Ranmuthugala. 2018. "Experimental Comparison of Two Composite MRAC Methods for UUV Operations With Low Adaptation Gains." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 45, no. 1: 227-246.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2018 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Microgrids are increasingly being used as a platform to integrate distributed generation such as renewable energy sources and (RESs) conventional sources in both grid-connected and isolated power systems. Due to the inherent intermittent nature of RESs, energy storage systems (ESSs) that can absorb fluctuations have become inevitable. Nevertheless, large capacities of ESSs increase the initial cost while small capacities lead to instabilities and increase in the cost of conventional fuels. Therefore, finding the optimal size of the ESS for a given application is essential for the reliable, efficient and economical operation of a microgrid. Once the battery size is decided, maintaining its energy at appropriate levels is essential to ensure stable and safe operation of the microgrid. This paper presents a novel expert fuzzy system - grey wolf optimization (FL-GWO) based intelligent meta-heuristic method for battery sizing and energy management. The proposed energy management operation is carried out by a Grey Wolf Optimiser (GWO) that is helped to set the membership functions and rules of the fuzzy logic expert system. The unit commitment (UC) issue, which is essential for the proper operation of the isolated microgrid, has been additionally considered in this paper. To verify the performance of the proposed method, results are compared with the rules-based method and traditional GWO algorithm. It has been proven from the results that the FL-GWO has a significant convergence property and capability to minimize the Levelized Cost Of Electricity (LCOE) by 14.13% and 24.15% compared with conventional GWO algorithm and rules-based method, respectively. The weather conditions for different climates is used to verify the performance of the intelligent energy management method under different operating scenarios. The results show that the intelligent online multi-objective energy management strategy is capable of managing a smooth power flow with the same optimal configuration in the isolated microgrid, minimising the fossil fuel utilisation and reducing the CO2 emission level.

ACS Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi; Hung Duc Nguyen; S.D.G. Jayasinghe; Thair S. Mahmoud; Irene Penesis. A hybrid energy management and battery size optimization for standalone microgrids: A case study for Flinders Island, Australia. Energy Conversion and Management 2018, 175, 192 -212.

AMA Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi, Hung Duc Nguyen, S.D.G. Jayasinghe, Thair S. Mahmoud, Irene Penesis. A hybrid energy management and battery size optimization for standalone microgrids: A case study for Flinders Island, Australia. Energy Conversion and Management. 2018; 175 ():192-212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi; Hung Duc Nguyen; S.D.G. Jayasinghe; Thair S. Mahmoud; Irene Penesis. 2018. "A hybrid energy management and battery size optimization for standalone microgrids: A case study for Flinders Island, Australia." Energy Conversion and Management 175, no. : 192-212.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2018 in Ocean Engineering
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A novel application of non-parametric system identification algorithm for a surface ship has been employ on this study with the aim of modelling ships dynamics with low quantity of data. The algorithm is based on multi-output Gaussian processes and its ability to model the dynamic system of a ship without losing the relationships between coupled outputs is explored. Data obtained from the simulation of a parametric model of a container ship is used for the training and validation of the multi-output Gaussian processes. The required methodology and metric to implement Gaussian processes for a 4 degrees of freedom (DoF) ship is also presented in this paper. Results show that multi-output Gaussian processes can be accurately applied for non-parametric dynamic system identification in ships with highly coupled DoF.

ACS Style

Wilmer Ariza Ramirez; Zhi Quan Leong; Hung Nguyen; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. Non-parametric dynamic system identification of ships using multi-output Gaussian Processes. Ocean Engineering 2018, 166, 26 -36.

AMA Style

Wilmer Ariza Ramirez, Zhi Quan Leong, Hung Nguyen, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. Non-parametric dynamic system identification of ships using multi-output Gaussian Processes. Ocean Engineering. 2018; 166 ():26-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wilmer Ariza Ramirez; Zhi Quan Leong; Hung Nguyen; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. 2018. "Non-parametric dynamic system identification of ships using multi-output Gaussian Processes." Ocean Engineering 166, no. : 26-36.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2018 in Energies
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This paper applies model predictive control (MPC) for the power processing of an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy conversion (WEC) system to achieve smooth power delivery to the grid. The particular air turbine design adopted in this study produces large power pulses ranging from 0 to 1 MW in magnitude, and thus, direct connection to the grid is practically impossible, especially in weak grid conditions. Therefore, energy storage is an essential element that should be integrated into this particular WEC system in order to absorb power pulses and thereby ensure smooth delivery of power to the grid. Taking into account the repetitive nature, duration, and magnitude of the power pulses, this study has chosen “supercapacitor” as the suitable energy storage technology. The supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) is integrated into the dc-link of the back-to-back power converter of the WEC system through a bidirectional dc-dc converter. In order to achieve the desired operation of this complex power converter arrangement, a finite control set MPC strategy is proposed in this paper. Performance of the proposed energy storage system (ESS) and control strategy are evaluated through computer simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed SCES system and the control strategy are able to achieve smooth power delivery to the grid amidst power pulses coming from the generator.

ACS Style

Gimara Rajapakse; Shantha Jayasinghe; Alan Fleming; Michael Negnevitsky. Grid Integration and Power Smoothing of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter. Energies 2018, 11, 1871 .

AMA Style

Gimara Rajapakse, Shantha Jayasinghe, Alan Fleming, Michael Negnevitsky. Grid Integration and Power Smoothing of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter. Energies. 2018; 11 (7):1871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gimara Rajapakse; Shantha Jayasinghe; Alan Fleming; Michael Negnevitsky. 2018. "Grid Integration and Power Smoothing of an Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter." Energies 11, no. 7: 1871.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2018 in Energy Conversion and Management
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The integration of more-electric technologies, such as energy storage systems (ESSs) and electric propulsion, has gained attention in recent years as a promising approach to reduce fuel consumption and emissions in the maritime industry. In this context, hybrid power systems (HPSs) with direct current (DC) distribution are currently gaining a commendable interest in research and industrial applications. This paper examines the impact of using HPS with DC distribution and a battery energy storage system (BESS) over a conventional AC power system for short haul roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ferries. An electric ferry with a HPS is modeled in this study and the power management system is simulated using the Matlab/Simulink software. The result is validated using measured load profile of a ferry. The performance of the DC HPS is compared with the conventional AC system based on fuel consumption and emission reductions. An approach to estimate the fuel consumption of the diesel engine through calculation of specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC) is also presented. This study uses two optimization techniques: a classical power management method namely Rule-Based control (RB) and a meta-heuristic power management method known as Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) to optimally manage the power sharing of the proposed HPS. Fuel consumption and emission indicators are also used to assess the performance of the two power management methods. The simulation results show that the HPS provides a 2.91% and 7.48% fuel consumption reduction using RB method and GWO method respectively. It is apparent from the result that the HPS has more fuel savings while running the diesel generator sets (DGs) at higher operational efficiency. It is interesting that the proposed HPS using both power management methods provided a 100% emission reduction at berth. Finally, it was found that using a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm provides better fuel and emission reductions than a classical method.

ACS Style

Monaaf D.A. Al-Falahi; Kutaiba S. Nimma; Shantha D.G. Jayasinghe; Hossein Enshaei; Josep M. Guerrero. Power management optimization of hybrid power systems in electric ferries. Energy Conversion and Management 2018, 172, 50 -66.

AMA Style

Monaaf D.A. Al-Falahi, Kutaiba S. Nimma, Shantha D.G. Jayasinghe, Hossein Enshaei, Josep M. Guerrero. Power management optimization of hybrid power systems in electric ferries. Energy Conversion and Management. 2018; 172 ():50-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monaaf D.A. Al-Falahi; Kutaiba S. Nimma; Shantha D.G. Jayasinghe; Hossein Enshaei; Josep M. Guerrero. 2018. "Power management optimization of hybrid power systems in electric ferries." Energy Conversion and Management 172, no. : 50-66.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
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Pollution by marine fuels and their influence on ecosystems and the human populace are growing concerns in the maritime industry. Consequently, emission regulations, alternate marine fuels and fuel efficiency enhancements are being pursued to ensure that marine emissions are curtailed within acceptable limits. Many strategic decisions related to these areas are taken based on cost and emission estimates which in turn depend on the accuracy of the estimation of marine fuel consumptions. The estimates are based on various methodologies which attempt to capture maritime fuel consumptions at local, regional and global levels. The bottom-up approach is the most predominant method to estimate emissions and thereby to assess compliance with the emissions regulations. The bottom-up methodologies rely heavily on average values of specific fuel consumptions and engine load factors. A case study which utilizes in-situ data is conducted to investigate the accuracy of the current approach and the results are compared with the estimates based on bottom-up approaches found in the literature. The findings revealed significant variations between the estimates and the actual fuel consumptions informing implications of unrealistic cost and emission estimates. As a solution the paper suggests a new concept in order to establish more reliable estimations of fuel consumptions and hence emissions predictions.

ACS Style

Rumesh H. Merien-Paul; Hossein Enshaei; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. In-situ data vs. bottom-up approaches in estimations of marine fuel consumptions and emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2018, 62, 619 -632.

AMA Style

Rumesh H. Merien-Paul, Hossein Enshaei, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. In-situ data vs. bottom-up approaches in estimations of marine fuel consumptions and emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2018; 62 ():619-632.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rumesh H. Merien-Paul; Hossein Enshaei; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe. 2018. "In-situ data vs. bottom-up approaches in estimations of marine fuel consumptions and emissions." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 62, no. : 619-632.

Review
Published: 05 June 2018 in Energies
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At sea, the electrical power system of a ship can be considered as an islanded microgrid. When connected to shore power at berth, the same power system acts as a grid connected microgrid or an extension of the grid. Therefore, ship microgrids show some resemblance to terrestrial microgrids. Nevertheless, due to the presence of large dynamic loads, such as electric propulsion loads, keeping the voltage and frequency within a permissible range and ensuring the continuity of supply are more challenging in ship microgrids. Moreover, with the growing demand for emission reductions and fuel efficiency improvements, alternative energy sources and energy storage technologies are becoming popular in ship microgrids. In this context, the integration of multiple energy sources and storage systems in ship microgrids requires an efficient power management system (PMS). These challenging environments and trends demand advanced control and power management solutions that are customized for ship microgrids. This paper presents a review on recent developments of control technologies and power management strategies proposed for AC ship microgrids.

ACS Style

Monaaf D. A. Al-Falahi; Tomasz Tarasiuk; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Zheming Jin; Hossein Enshaei; Josep M. Guerrero. AC Ship Microgrids: Control and Power Management Optimization. Energies 2018, 11, 1458 .

AMA Style

Monaaf D. A. Al-Falahi, Tomasz Tarasiuk, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe, Zheming Jin, Hossein Enshaei, Josep M. Guerrero. AC Ship Microgrids: Control and Power Management Optimization. Energies. 2018; 11 (6):1458.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monaaf D. A. Al-Falahi; Tomasz Tarasiuk; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Zheming Jin; Hossein Enshaei; Josep M. Guerrero. 2018. "AC Ship Microgrids: Control and Power Management Optimization." Energies 11, no. 6: 1458.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 June 2018 in 2018 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)
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Propulsion system of a hybrid electric ship is powered by the main engine and a motor coupled to the propeller shaft via a gearbox. The motor provides a power boost when the propulsion load is high and extracts excess power working as a generator at low loading conditions. The power boost comes from the auxiliary engine which is used to supply service loads as well. When excess power is taken out from the shaft it is delivered to the ship power system requiring the auxiliary engine to reduce its power. Consequently, auxiliary engine experiences frequent changes resulting in frequency sags or swells. In extreme conditions these could result in blackouts. In addition, changes in service loads could also lead to frequency deviations causing serious power quality issues. This paper proposes a novel model predictive control (MPC) based strategy to address this issue and thereby improve the power quality. The proposed strategy uses a battery energy storage system to absorb load changes and regulate the frequency of the ship power system. The same approach is tested with the PI controllers as well for performance comparisons. Simulation results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed frequency regulation strategy.

ACS Style

S. D. G. Jayasinghe; Dulika Nayanasiri; A. Tashakori; S. Alahakoon; N. Fernando; D. M. Vilathgamuwa. MPC and Energy Storage Based Frequency Regulation Strategy for Hybrid Electric Ships. 2018 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) 2018, 929 -936.

AMA Style

S. D. G. Jayasinghe, Dulika Nayanasiri, A. Tashakori, S. Alahakoon, N. Fernando, D. M. Vilathgamuwa. MPC and Energy Storage Based Frequency Regulation Strategy for Hybrid Electric Ships. 2018 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). 2018; ():929-936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. D. G. Jayasinghe; Dulika Nayanasiri; A. Tashakori; S. Alahakoon; N. Fernando; D. M. Vilathgamuwa. 2018. "MPC and Energy Storage Based Frequency Regulation Strategy for Hybrid Electric Ships." 2018 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) , no. : 929-936.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2018 in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)
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In the rapid growing of the green energy technology, microgrid systems with renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar, wind and fuel cells are becoming a prevalent and efficient way to control and manage these renewable sources. Moreover, owing to the intermittency and the frequent irregular responses of the RESs, battery energy storages have become an integral part of microgrids. In such complex systems, optimal use of RESs heavily depend on the energy management strategy used. Besides, the reduction of conventional fuel utilization and the resultant drop in the emissions also depend on the energy management strategy. This paper presents a novel expert system Fuzzy Logic - Grey Wolf Optimization (FL-GWO) based intelligent meta-heuristic method for battery sizing and energy management in grid-connected microgrids. The proposed method is tested on different scenarios, and the simulation results are compared with other existing approaches methods such as GA, PSO, BA, IBA and GWO. The simulation results show a significant improvement with the proposed method in terms of satisfying the demands and to minimizing the operating costs of the microgrid compared to other existing methods.

ACS Style

Kutaiba S. Ei-Bidairi; Hung Duc Nguyen; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Thair S Mahmoud. Multiobjective Intelligent Energy Management Optimization for Grid-Connected Microgrids. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2018, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Kutaiba S. Ei-Bidairi, Hung Duc Nguyen, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe, Thair S Mahmoud. Multiobjective Intelligent Energy Management Optimization for Grid-Connected Microgrids. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2018; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kutaiba S. Ei-Bidairi; Hung Duc Nguyen; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Thair S Mahmoud. 2018. "Multiobjective Intelligent Energy Management Optimization for Grid-Connected Microgrids." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2018 in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe)
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This paper investigates the impact of adding tidal energy on the size of battery energy storage (BES) required to absorb power fluctuations present in a standalone microgrid with wind, solar and diesel engine is driven generation sources. The Flinders Island power system is chosen as the standalone microgrid for the case study. In addition to the battery capacity, emissions and operational costs are also taken as the variables that should be minimized in optimization problem formulated in this study. In order to solve this multi-objective optimization problem an intelligent expert fuzzy system - grey wolf optimization (FL-GWO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Different scenarios based on the weather conditions in the Flinders Island is considered to demonstrate the robust performance of the proposed (FL-GWO) method. The numerical results show that when tidal energy is introduced the required battery capacity dropped from 300kWh to 250kWh which is equivalent to 16.67% drop. The effectiveness of the FL-GWO is validated by comparing it with other existing approaches such as the rules-based method and conventional GWO algorithm.

ACS Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi; Hung Duc Nguyen; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Thair S Mahmoud; Irene Penesis. Impact of Tidal Energy on Battery Sizing in Standalone Microgrids: A Case Study. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) 2018, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi, Hung Duc Nguyen, Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe, Thair S Mahmoud, Irene Penesis. Impact of Tidal Energy on Battery Sizing in Standalone Microgrids: A Case Study. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). 2018; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kutaiba S. El-Bidairi; Hung Duc Nguyen; Shantha Gamini Jayasinghe; Thair S Mahmoud; Irene Penesis. 2018. "Impact of Tidal Energy on Battery Sizing in Standalone Microgrids: A Case Study." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) , no. : 1-6.