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M. Devreese
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium

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Journal article
Published: 29 July 2021 in Molecules
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Cefquinome and ceftiofur are β-lactam antibiotics used for the treatment of bacterial infections in swine. Although these antimicrobials are administered intramuscularly, the exposure of the gut microbiota to these cephalosporins is not well described. This exposure can contribute to the emergence and spread of antimicrobials in the environment and to the possible spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. To assess the impact of drug administration on the intestinal excretion of these antimicrobials it is essential to measure the amounts of native compound and metabolites in feces. Two (ultra)-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ((U)HPLC–MS/MS) methods were developed and validated, one for the determination of cefquinome and ceftiofur and the other for the determination of ceftiofur residues, measured as desfuroylceftiofuracetamide, in porcine feces. The matrix-based calibration curve was linear from 5 ng g−1 to 1000 ng g−1 for cefquinome (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9990 ± 0.0007; goodness of fit (gof) = 3.70 ± 1.43) and ceftiofur (r = 0.9979 ± 0.0009; gof = 5.51 ± 1.14) and quadratic from 30 ng g−1 to 2000 ng g−1 for desfuroylceftiofuracetamide (r = 0.9960 ± 0.0020; gof = 7.31 ± 1.76). The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy fell within the specified ranges. Since β-lactam antibiotics are known to be unstable in feces, additional experiments were conducted to adjust the sampling protocol in order to minimize the impact of the matrix constituents on the stability of the analytes. Immediately after sampling, 500 µL of an 8 µg mL−1 tazobactam solution in water was added to 0.5 g feces, to reduce the degradation in matrix.

ACS Style

Sofie Rutjens; Siska Croubels; Siegrid Baere; Mathias Devreese. Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for the Quantification of Cefquinome, Ceftiofur, and Desfuroylceftiofuracetamide in Porcine Feces with Emphasis on Analyte Stability. Molecules 2021, 26, 4598 .

AMA Style

Sofie Rutjens, Siska Croubels, Siegrid Baere, Mathias Devreese. Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for the Quantification of Cefquinome, Ceftiofur, and Desfuroylceftiofuracetamide in Porcine Feces with Emphasis on Analyte Stability. Molecules. 2021; 26 (15):4598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sofie Rutjens; Siska Croubels; Siegrid Baere; Mathias Devreese. 2021. "Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for the Quantification of Cefquinome, Ceftiofur, and Desfuroylceftiofuracetamide in Porcine Feces with Emphasis on Analyte Stability." Molecules 26, no. 15: 4598.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Antibiotics
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Enrofloxacin is frequently administered via drinking water for the treatment of colibacillosis in broiler chickens. However, the EMA/CVMP has urged to re-evaluate historically approved doses, especially for antimicrobials administered via drinking water. In response, the objectives of this study were two-fold. First, to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of enrofloxacin following IV, PO and drinking water administration. Second, to predict the efficacy of a range of doses in the drinking water for the treatment of APEC infections. For the first objective, PK parameters were estimated by fitting a one-compartmental model with a zero-order IV infusion and an oral absorption lag function to the simultaneously modelled IV and PO data. After fixing these parameter values, a drinking behaviour pharmacokinetic (DBPK) model was developed for the description and prediction of drinking water PK profiles by adding three model improvements (different diurnal and nocturnal drinking rates, inter-animal variability in water consumption and taking account of dose non-proportionality). The subsequent simulations and probability of target attainment (PTA) analysis predicted that a dose of 12.5 mg/kg/24 h is efficacious in treating colibacillosis with an MIC up to 0.125 μg/mL (ECOFF), whereas the currently registered dose (10 mg/kg/24 h) reaches a PTA of 66% at ECOFF.

ACS Style

Robin Temmerman; Ludovic Pelligand; Wim Schelstraete; Gunther Antonissen; An Garmyn; Mathias Devreese. Enrofloxacin Dose Optimization for the Treatment of Colibacillosis in Broiler Chickens Using a Drinking Behaviour Pharmacokinetic Model. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 604 .

AMA Style

Robin Temmerman, Ludovic Pelligand, Wim Schelstraete, Gunther Antonissen, An Garmyn, Mathias Devreese. Enrofloxacin Dose Optimization for the Treatment of Colibacillosis in Broiler Chickens Using a Drinking Behaviour Pharmacokinetic Model. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (5):604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin Temmerman; Ludovic Pelligand; Wim Schelstraete; Gunther Antonissen; An Garmyn; Mathias Devreese. 2021. "Enrofloxacin Dose Optimization for the Treatment of Colibacillosis in Broiler Chickens Using a Drinking Behaviour Pharmacokinetic Model." Antibiotics 10, no. 5: 604.

Original research article
Published: 29 April 2021 in Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Augmented renal clearance (ARC) as observed in the critically ill (pediatric) population can have a major impact on the pharmacokinetics and posology of renally excreted drugs. Although sepsis has been described as a major trigger in the development of ARC in human critically ill patients, mechanistic insights on ARC are currently lacking. An appropriate ARC animal model could contribute to reveal these underlying mechanisms. In this exploratory study, a state of ARC was induced in 8-week-old piglets. Conscious piglets were continuously infused over 36 h with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli (O111:B4) to induce sepsis and subsequently trigger ARC. To study the dose-dependent effect of LPS on the renal function, three different doses (0.75, 2.0, 5.0 μg/kg/h) were administered (two ♂ piglets/dose, one sham piglet), in combination with fluid administration (0.9% NaCl) at 6 ml/kg/h. Single boluses of renal markers, i.e., creatinine [40 mg/kg body weight (BW)], iohexol (64.7 mg/kg BW), and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH, 10 mg/kg BW) were administered intravenously to evaluate the effect of LPS on the renal function. Clinical parameters were monitored periodically. Blood sampling was performed to determine the effect on hematology, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and prostaglandin E2 plasma levels. All piglets that were continuously infused with LPS displayed an elevated body temperature, heart rhythm, and respiratory rate ~1–3 h after start of the infusion. After infusion, considerably higher total body clearances of iohexol, creatinine, and PAH were observed, independent of the administration of LPS and/or its dose. Since also the sham piglet, receiving no LPS, demonstrated a comparable increase in renal function, the contribution of fluid administration to the development of ARC should be further evaluated.

ACS Style

Laura Dhondt; Siska Croubels; Robin Temmerman; Pieter De Cock; Evelyne Meyer; Wim Van Den Broeck; Peter De Paepe; Mathias Devreese. The Development of a Juvenile Porcine Augmented Renal Clearance Model Through Continuous Infusion of Lipopolysaccharides: An Exploratory Study. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Laura Dhondt, Siska Croubels, Robin Temmerman, Pieter De Cock, Evelyne Meyer, Wim Van Den Broeck, Peter De Paepe, Mathias Devreese. The Development of a Juvenile Porcine Augmented Renal Clearance Model Through Continuous Infusion of Lipopolysaccharides: An Exploratory Study. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Dhondt; Siska Croubels; Robin Temmerman; Pieter De Cock; Evelyne Meyer; Wim Van Den Broeck; Peter De Paepe; Mathias Devreese. 2021. "The Development of a Juvenile Porcine Augmented Renal Clearance Model Through Continuous Infusion of Lipopolysaccharides: An Exploratory Study." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Journal of Chromatography B
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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the best overall index for the renal function. Currently, one of the most promising exogenous markers for GFR assessment is iohexol. In this study, the suitability of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) as alternative for the conventional blood sampling and quantification of iohexol in paediatric plasma was assessed. Therefore, a new, fully validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed. Subsequently, the clinical suitability was evaluated in 20 paediatric patients by comparing plasma iohexol concentrations and associated GFR values obtained by the VAMS method with those obtained by conventional blood sampling and quantification of iohexol in plasma. The developed, simple and cost-effective LC-MS/MS-method fulfilled all pre-set validation acceptance criteria. Iohexol could be accurately quantified within a haematocrit range of 20–60% and long-term stability of iohexol in VAMS was demonstrated up to 245 days under different storage temperatures. Both iohexol plasma concentrations (r = 0.98, mean bias: −4.20%) and derived GFR values (r = 0.99; mean bias: 1.31%), obtained by a conventional plasma and the VAMS method, demonstrated good correlation and acceptable bias. The agreement between the two methods was especially good for GFR values higher than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Nevertheless, for GFR values <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 the accuracy compared to the plasma method was lower. However, small adjustments to the sampling protocol could probably solve this problem.

ACS Style

Laura Dhondt; Siska Croubels; Pieter De Cock; Evelyn Dhont; Siegrid De Baere; Peter De Paepe; Mathias Devreese. Volumetric absorptive microsampling as alternative sampling technique for renal function assessment in the paediatric population using iohexol. Journal of Chromatography B 2021, 1171, 122623 .

AMA Style

Laura Dhondt, Siska Croubels, Pieter De Cock, Evelyn Dhont, Siegrid De Baere, Peter De Paepe, Mathias Devreese. Volumetric absorptive microsampling as alternative sampling technique for renal function assessment in the paediatric population using iohexol. Journal of Chromatography B. 2021; 1171 ():122623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Dhondt; Siska Croubels; Pieter De Cock; Evelyn Dhont; Siegrid De Baere; Peter De Paepe; Mathias Devreese. 2021. "Volumetric absorptive microsampling as alternative sampling technique for renal function assessment in the paediatric population using iohexol." Journal of Chromatography B 1171, no. : 122623.

Original research article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Augmented renal clearance (ARC) observed in the critically ill pediatric population has received an increased attention over the last years due to its major impact on the disposition and pharmacokinetics of mainly renally excreted drugs. Apart from an important inflammatory trigger, fluid administration has been suggested to contribute to the development of ARC. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous intravenous fluid administration on renal function using a conventional piglet animal model and to quantify the impact of fluid administration on the pharmacokinetics of renally excreted drugs. At baseline, twenty-four piglets (12 treatment/12 control; 7 weeks old, all ♂) received the marker drugs iohexol (64.7 mg/kg body weight (BW)) and para-aminohippuric acid (10 mg/kg BW) to quantify glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow, respectively. In addition, the hydrophilic antibiotic amikacin (7.5 mg/kg BW) was administered. Following this baseline measurement, the treatment group received fluid therapy as a constant rate infusion of 0.9% saline at 6 mL/kg/h over 36 h. After 24 h of fluid administration, the marker drugs and amikacin were administered again. When comparing both groups, a significant effect of fluid administration on the total body clearances of iohexol (p = 0.032) and amikacin (p = 0.0014) was observed. Clearances of iohexol and amikacin increased with on average 15 and 14%, although large interindividual variability was observed. This led to decreased systemic exposure to amikacin, which was manifested as decrease in area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 h to infinity from 34,807 to 30,804 ng.h/mL. These results suggest that fluid therapy is a key factor involved in the development of ARC and should be taken into account when administering mainly renally excreted drugs. However, further research is necessary to confirm these results in children.

ACS Style

Laura Dhondt; Siska Croubels; Peter De Paepe; Klara Goethals; Pieter De Cock; Mathias Devreese. Unraveling the Contribution of Fluid Therapy to the Development of Augmented Renal Clearance in a Piglet Model. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Laura Dhondt, Siska Croubels, Peter De Paepe, Klara Goethals, Pieter De Cock, Mathias Devreese. Unraveling the Contribution of Fluid Therapy to the Development of Augmented Renal Clearance in a Piglet Model. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Dhondt; Siska Croubels; Peter De Paepe; Klara Goethals; Pieter De Cock; Mathias Devreese. 2021. "Unraveling the Contribution of Fluid Therapy to the Development of Augmented Renal Clearance in a Piglet Model." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Toxins
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Citrinin (CIT) is a polyketide mycotoxin occurring in a variety of food and feedstuff, among which cereal grains are the most important contaminated source. Pigs and poultry are important livestock animals frequently exposed to mycotoxins, including CIT. Concerns are rising related to the toxic, and especially the potential nephrotoxic, properties of CIT. The purpose of this study was to clarify the histopathological effects on kidneys, liver, jejunum and duodenum of pigs, broiler chickens and laying hens receiving CIT contaminated feed. During 3 weeks, pigs (n = 16) were exposed to feed containing 1 mg CIT/kg feed or to control feed (n = 4), while 2 groups of broiler chickens and laying hens (n = 8 per group) received 0.1 mg CIT/kg feed (lower dose group) and 3 or 3.5 mg CIT/kg feed (higher dose group), respectively, or control feed (n = 4). CIT concentrations were quantified in plasma, kidneys, liver, muscle and eggs using a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. Kidneys, liver, duodenum and jejunum were evaluated histologically using light microscopy, while the kidneys were further examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histopathology did not reveal major abnormalities at the given contamination levels. However, a significant increase of swollen and degenerated mitochondria in renal cortical cells from all test groups were observed (p < 0.05). These observations could be related to oxidative stress, which is the major mechanism of CIT toxicity. Residues of CIT were detected in all collected tissues, except for muscle and egg white from layers in the lowest dose group, and egg white from layers in the highest dose group. CIT concentrations in plasma ranged between 0.1 (laying hens in lower dose group) and 20.8 ng/mL (pigs). In tissues, CIT concentrations ranged from 0.6 (muscle) to 20.3 µg/kg (liver) in pigs, while concentrations in chickens ranged from 0.1 (muscle) to 70.2 µg/kg (liver). Carry-over ratios from feed to edible tissues were between 0.1 and 2% in pigs, and between 0.1 and 6.9% in chickens, suggesting a low contribution of pig and poultry tissue-derived products towards the total dietary CIT intake for humans.

ACS Style

Celine Meerpoel; Arnau Vidal; Emmanuel K. Tangni; Bart Huybrechts; Liesbeth Couck; Riet De Rycke; Lobke De Bels; Sarah De Saeger; Wim Van Den Broeck; Mathias Devreese; Siska Croubels. A Study of Carry-Over and Histopathological Effects after Chronic Dietary Intake of Citrinin in Pigs, Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens. Toxins 2020, 12, 719 .

AMA Style

Celine Meerpoel, Arnau Vidal, Emmanuel K. Tangni, Bart Huybrechts, Liesbeth Couck, Riet De Rycke, Lobke De Bels, Sarah De Saeger, Wim Van Den Broeck, Mathias Devreese, Siska Croubels. A Study of Carry-Over and Histopathological Effects after Chronic Dietary Intake of Citrinin in Pigs, Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens. Toxins. 2020; 12 (11):719.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Celine Meerpoel; Arnau Vidal; Emmanuel K. Tangni; Bart Huybrechts; Liesbeth Couck; Riet De Rycke; Lobke De Bels; Sarah De Saeger; Wim Van Den Broeck; Mathias Devreese; Siska Croubels. 2020. "A Study of Carry-Over and Histopathological Effects after Chronic Dietary Intake of Citrinin in Pigs, Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens." Toxins 12, no. 11: 719.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Antibiotics
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Fluoroquinolones are frequently used antimicrobials for the treatment of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infections. However, rapid development and selection of resistance to this class of antimicrobial drugs is a significant problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance against enrofloxacin (ENRO) in APEC strains in Flanders, Belgium. One hundred and twenty-five APEC strains from broilers with clinical colibacillosis were collected in Flanders from November 2017 to June 2018. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all strains and the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of a sample of sensitive isolates were determined using a commercial gradient strip test and via the agar dilution method, respectively. Non-wild type (NWT) isolates were further characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis and gene sequencing. Forty percent of the APEC strains were NWT according to the epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) measure (MIC > 0.125 μg/mL). With respect to clinical breakpoints, 21% were clinically intermediate (0.5 ≤ MIC ≤ 1 μg/mL) and 10% were clinically resistant (MIC ≥ 2). The MPC values of the tested strains ranged from 0.064 to 1 μg/mL, resulting in MPC/MIC ratios varying from 4 to 32. The majority (92%) of the NWT strains carried one or two mutations in gyrA. Less than a quarter (22%) manifested amino acid substitutions in the topoisomerase IV parC subunit. Only three of the NWT strains carried a mutation in parE. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) associated genes were detected in 18% of the NWT strains. In contrast to the relatively large number of NWT strains, only a small percentage of APEC isolates was considered clinically resistant. The most common MPC value for sensitive strains was 0.125 μg/mL. Some isolates showed higher values, producing wide mutant selection windows (MSW). Chromosomal mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV were confirmed as the main source of decreased antimicrobial fluoroquinolone susceptibility, de-emphasizing the role of PMQR mechanisms.

ACS Style

Robin Temmerman; An Garmyn; Gunther Antonissen; Gerty Vanantwerpen; Mia Vanrobaeys; Freddy Haesebrouck; Mathias Devreese. Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Flanders (Belgium). Antibiotics 2020, 9, 800 .

AMA Style

Robin Temmerman, An Garmyn, Gunther Antonissen, Gerty Vanantwerpen, Mia Vanrobaeys, Freddy Haesebrouck, Mathias Devreese. Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Flanders (Belgium). Antibiotics. 2020; 9 (11):800.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin Temmerman; An Garmyn; Gunther Antonissen; Gerty Vanantwerpen; Mia Vanrobaeys; Freddy Haesebrouck; Mathias Devreese. 2020. "Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Flanders (Belgium)." Antibiotics 9, no. 11: 800.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2020 in Toxins
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The goal of this study was to investigate the toxicokinetic characteristics of aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) in broiler chickens and the effect of calcination of a Tunisian montmorillonite clay on the in vivo absorption of AFG1. In this study, broiler chickens were randomly distributed into four groups of 10 animals. Group 1 was administered AFG1 (2 mg/kg body weight (BW)) by single intravenous injection (IV), group 2 received an intra-crop bolus (PO) of AFG1 without any clay, group 3 was dosed AFG1 PO together with an oral bolus of purified clay (CP), and group 4 received AFG1 PO with an oral bolus of calcined clay. A significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC0-t) was observed for group 4 (6.78 ± 4.24 h*ng/mL) in comparison with group 2 (12.83 ± 4.19 h*ng/mL). A significant reduction of the oral bioavailability of AFG1 was observed for group 4 (7.61 ± 4.76%) compared with group 2 (14.40 ± 4.70%), while no significant effect was observed of CP. In this experiment, no phase I nor phase II metabolites of AFG1 were observed. These findings confirm that calcination of the purified montmorillonite clay enhances the adsorption of AFG1 in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, thereby reducing its bioavailability, thus reducing its toxic effects.

ACS Style

Roua Rejeb; Siegrid De Baere; Mathias Devreese; Richard Ducatelle; Siska Croubels; Madiha Hadj Ayed; Achraf Ghorbal; Gunther Antonissen. Calcination Improves the In Vivo Efficacy of a Montmorillonite Clay to Bind Aflatoxin G1 in Broiler Chickens: A Toxicokinetic Approach. Toxins 2020, 12, 660 .

AMA Style

Roua Rejeb, Siegrid De Baere, Mathias Devreese, Richard Ducatelle, Siska Croubels, Madiha Hadj Ayed, Achraf Ghorbal, Gunther Antonissen. Calcination Improves the In Vivo Efficacy of a Montmorillonite Clay to Bind Aflatoxin G1 in Broiler Chickens: A Toxicokinetic Approach. Toxins. 2020; 12 (10):660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roua Rejeb; Siegrid De Baere; Mathias Devreese; Richard Ducatelle; Siska Croubels; Madiha Hadj Ayed; Achraf Ghorbal; Gunther Antonissen. 2020. "Calcination Improves the In Vivo Efficacy of a Montmorillonite Clay to Bind Aflatoxin G1 in Broiler Chickens: A Toxicokinetic Approach." Toxins 12, no. 10: 660.

Journal article
Published: 08 October 2020 in BMC Veterinary Research
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Background Knowledge of therapy-induced intestinal tract concentrations of antimicrobials allows for interpretation and prediction of antimicrobial resistance selection within the intestinal microbiota. This study describes the impact of three different doses of enrofloxacin (ENR) and two different administration routes on the intestinal concentration of ENR and on the fecal Escherichia coli populations in pigs. Enrofloxacin was administered on three consecutive days to four different treatment groups. The groups either received an oral bolus administration of ENR (conventional or half dose) or an intramuscular administration (conventional or double dose). Results Quantitative analysis of fecal samples showed high ENR concentrations in all groups, ranging from 5.114 ± 1.272 μg/g up to 39.54 ± 10.43 μg/g at the end of the treatment period. In addition, analysis of the luminal intestinal content revealed an increase of ENR concentration from the proximal to the distal intestinal tract segments, with no significant effect of administration route. Fecal samples were also screened for resistance in E. coli isolates against ENR. Wild-type (MIC≤0.125 μg/mL) and non-wild-type (0.125 < MIC≤2 μg/mL) E. coli isolates were found at time 0 h. At the end of treatment (3 days) only non-wild-type isolates (MIC≥32 μg/mL) were found. Conclusions In conclusion, the observed intestinal ENR concentrations in all groups showed to be both theoretically (based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles) and effectively (in vivo measurement) capable of significantly reducing the intestinal E. coli wild-type population.

ACS Style

Joren De Smet; Filip Boyen; Siska Croubels; Geertrui Rasschaert; Freddy Haesebrouck; Robin Temmerman; Sofie Rutjens; Patrick De Backer; Mathias Devreese. The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations. BMC Veterinary Research 2020, 16, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Joren De Smet, Filip Boyen, Siska Croubels, Geertrui Rasschaert, Freddy Haesebrouck, Robin Temmerman, Sofie Rutjens, Patrick De Backer, Mathias Devreese. The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations. BMC Veterinary Research. 2020; 16 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joren De Smet; Filip Boyen; Siska Croubels; Geertrui Rasschaert; Freddy Haesebrouck; Robin Temmerman; Sofie Rutjens; Patrick De Backer; Mathias Devreese. 2020. "The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations." BMC Veterinary Research 16, no. 1: 1-12.

Microbiology
Published: 16 September 2020 in Frontiers in Microbiology
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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causal agent of colibacillosis, one of the most common bacterial infections in the poultry sector. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is essential for rational and prudent antimicrobial therapy. Subsequently, uniformity in test results from the various testing methodologies used in diagnostic laboratories is pivotal. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the agreement between different AST methods in determining fluoroquinolone resistance in APEC. Twenty APEC isolates were selected and subjected to four different susceptibility tests: the quantitative microbroth dilution, agar dilution and gradient strip tests, and the qualitative disk diffusion method. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Categorical agreement, essential agreement and different errors were assessed. Moreover, agreement was also evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the quantitative tests and determining the Pearson correlation coefficients for the agreement between the disk diffusion method and the quantitative tests. Categorical agreement and essential agreement when compared with the microbroth technique ranged from 85–95% and 85–100%, respectively. No very major errors (false susceptible) and only one major error (false resistant) and minor errors (results involving an intermediary category) were detected. The calculated ICC values of the three quantitative tests fluctuated around 0.970 (range 0.940–0.988). There was a high negative correlation between the disk diffusion method and the other tests (correlation coefficients ranging from −0.979 to −0.940), indicating a clear inverse relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration value and the zone diameter of growth inhibition. In conclusion, the overall agreement between the four different testing methodologies was very high. These results confirm the reliability of the disk diffusion and gradient strip test methods as substantiated alternatives, next to the gold standard agar and microbroth dilution, for fluoroquinolone susceptibility testing of APEC isolates.

ACS Style

Robin Temmerman; Klara Goethals; An Garmyn; Gerty Vanantwerpen; Mia Vanrobaeys; Freddy Haesebrouck; Gunther Antonissen; Mathias Devreese. Agreement of Quantitative and Qualitative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methodologies: The Case of Enrofloxacin and Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Frontiers in Microbiology 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Robin Temmerman, Klara Goethals, An Garmyn, Gerty Vanantwerpen, Mia Vanrobaeys, Freddy Haesebrouck, Gunther Antonissen, Mathias Devreese. Agreement of Quantitative and Qualitative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methodologies: The Case of Enrofloxacin and Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin Temmerman; Klara Goethals; An Garmyn; Gerty Vanantwerpen; Mia Vanrobaeys; Freddy Haesebrouck; Gunther Antonissen; Mathias Devreese. 2020. "Agreement of Quantitative and Qualitative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methodologies: The Case of Enrofloxacin and Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli." Frontiers in Microbiology 11, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2020 in Antibiotics
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The vast majority of medicines in pig rearing are administered via oral group medication through medicated feed and drinking water. However, relevant on-farm factors affecting the concentration of these drugs in feed and drinking water, such as the homogeneity, stability, and cross-contamination, are largely unknown. To characterize these factors, samples of medicated feed and drinking water were taken on 24 Belgian pig farms during treatment and 2 days thereafter, as well as at different on-farm sampling sites from production to feeding troughs or drinking nipples. The samples contained amoxicillin, doxycycline, florfenicol, or flubendazole. Additionally, a questionnaire was completed. In contrast to the results of medicated feed, results of medicated water showed a large between-farm variation in antimicrobial drug concentration. The therapeutic concentration range was only met in 2 out of 11 farms using medicated feed, and in 3 out of 13 farms using medicated water. Medicated feed concentrations were often below the therapeutic concentration range mentioned in the Summary of Product Characteristics, while drinking water concentrations were just as often above as they were below the advised target concentration range. Drug residues measured 2 days after the end of therapy with both feed and water medication rarely exceeded 1% of the lowest therapeutic concentration. This study demonstrates that recommendations on good clinical practices for oral group medication in the pig industry are highly needed.

ACS Style

Femke Vandael; Helena Cardoso De Carvalho Ferreira; Mathias Devreese; Jeroen Dewulf; Els Daeseleire; Mia Eeckhout; Siska Croubels. Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 563 .

AMA Style

Femke Vandael, Helena Cardoso De Carvalho Ferreira, Mathias Devreese, Jeroen Dewulf, Els Daeseleire, Mia Eeckhout, Siska Croubels. Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms. Antibiotics. 2020; 9 (9):563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Femke Vandael; Helena Cardoso De Carvalho Ferreira; Mathias Devreese; Jeroen Dewulf; Els Daeseleire; Mia Eeckhout; Siska Croubels. 2020. "Stability, Homogeneity and Carry-Over of Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Flubendazole in Medicated Feed and Drinking Water on 24 Pig Farms." Antibiotics 9, no. 9: 563.

Research article
Published: 25 June 2020 in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Juveniles are considered as one of the most vulnerable population groups concerning mycotoxins and their modified forms. The weaning stage is a particularly vulnerable period in the life of mammals, reflected in intestinal and immune dysfunction. The current study investigated the toxicokinetic (TK) characteristics of zearalenone (ZEN), zearalenone-14-glucoside (ZEN14G), and zearalenone-14-sulfate (ZEN14S) in weaned (4-week-old) piglets, by means of oral and intravenous administration of equimolar doses, i.e., 331, 500, and 415 μg/kg bodyweight, respectively. Plasma and urine were sampled pre- and post-administration and were quantitatively analyzed for ZEN, ZEN14G, ZEN14S, and in vivo metabolites by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. Tailor-made TK models were elaborated to process data. A statistical comparison of the results was performed with TK data obtained in a previously reported study in pigs of 8 weeks of age. Additionally, porcine plasma protein binding was determined to support TK findings. The TK results for ZEN, ZEN14G, and ZEN14S, obtained in 4- and 8-week-old pigs, revealed significant age-related differences, based on differences in intestinal permeability, body fat content, gastrointestinal transit time, and biotransformation, with a special emphasis on an increased absorbed fraction of ZEN14G, i.e., 94 vs 61% in 4- compared to 8-week-old pigs. Since the growing pig has been reported to be a suitable pediatric animal model for humans concerning TK processes, these results may contribute to refine the risk assessment concerning modified ZEN forms in juvenile animals and humans.

ACS Style

Amelie Catteuw; Mathias Devreese; Siegrid De Baere; Gunther Antonissen; Bart Huybrechts; Lada Ivanova; Silvio Uhlig; Ann Martens; Sarah De Saeger; Marthe De Boevre; Siska Croubels. Toxicokinetic Studies in Piglets Reveal Age-Related Differences in Systemic Exposure to Zearalenone, Zearalenone-14-Glucoside, and Zearalenone-14-Sulfate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 68, 7757 -7764.

AMA Style

Amelie Catteuw, Mathias Devreese, Siegrid De Baere, Gunther Antonissen, Bart Huybrechts, Lada Ivanova, Silvio Uhlig, Ann Martens, Sarah De Saeger, Marthe De Boevre, Siska Croubels. Toxicokinetic Studies in Piglets Reveal Age-Related Differences in Systemic Exposure to Zearalenone, Zearalenone-14-Glucoside, and Zearalenone-14-Sulfate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2020; 68 (29):7757-7764.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amelie Catteuw; Mathias Devreese; Siegrid De Baere; Gunther Antonissen; Bart Huybrechts; Lada Ivanova; Silvio Uhlig; Ann Martens; Sarah De Saeger; Marthe De Boevre; Siska Croubels. 2020. "Toxicokinetic Studies in Piglets Reveal Age-Related Differences in Systemic Exposure to Zearalenone, Zearalenone-14-Glucoside, and Zearalenone-14-Sulfate." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, no. 29: 7757-7764.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2020 in Toxins
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The toxicokinetics (TK) of hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 (HFB1) were evaluated in 16 broiler chickens after being fed either a control or a fumonisins-contaminated diet (10.8 mg fumonisin B1, 3.3 mg B2 and 1.5 mg B3/kg feed) for two weeks, followed by a single oral (PO) or intravenous (IV) dose of 1.25 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) of HFB1. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), its partially hydrolyzed metabolites pHFB1a and pHFB1b, and fully hydrolyzed metabolite HFB1, were determined in chicken plasma using a validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. None of the broiler chicken showed clinical symptoms of fumonisins (FBs) or HFB1 toxicity during the trial, nor was an aberration in body weight observed between the animals fed the FBs-contaminated diet and those fed the control diet. HFB1 was shown to follow a two-compartmental pharmacokinetic model with first order elimination in broiler chickens after IV administration. Toxicokinetic parameters of HFB1 demonstrated a total body clearance of 16.39 L/kg·h and an intercompartmental flow of 8.34 L/kg·h. Low levels of FB1 and traces of pHFB1b were found in plasma of chickens fed the FBs-contaminated diet. Due to plasma concentrations being under the limit of quantification (LOQ) after oral administration of HFB1, no toxicokinetic modelling could be performed in broiler chickens after oral administration of HFB1. Moreover, no phase II metabolites, nor N-acyl-metabolites of HFB1 could be detected in this study.

ACS Style

Gunther Antonissen; Siegrid De Baere; Barbara Novak; Dian Schatzmayr; Danica Den Hollander; Mathias Devreese; Siska Croubels. Toxicokinetics of Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 after Single Oral or Intravenous Bolus to Broiler Chickens Fed a Control or a Fumonisins-Contaminated Diet. Toxins 2020, 12, 413 .

AMA Style

Gunther Antonissen, Siegrid De Baere, Barbara Novak, Dian Schatzmayr, Danica Den Hollander, Mathias Devreese, Siska Croubels. Toxicokinetics of Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 after Single Oral or Intravenous Bolus to Broiler Chickens Fed a Control or a Fumonisins-Contaminated Diet. Toxins. 2020; 12 (6):413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gunther Antonissen; Siegrid De Baere; Barbara Novak; Dian Schatzmayr; Danica Den Hollander; Mathias Devreese; Siska Croubels. 2020. "Toxicokinetics of Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 after Single Oral or Intravenous Bolus to Broiler Chickens Fed a Control or a Fumonisins-Contaminated Diet." Toxins 12, no. 6: 413.

Original research article
Published: 12 June 2020 in Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Over recent years, pigs have been promoted as potential animal model due to their anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. However, information about the contribution of distinct renal elimination processes [glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), tubular secretion, and reabsorption] in pigs is currently limited. Therefore, a cocktail of renal markers, consisting of iohexol (GFR), para-aminohippuric acid (ERPF and net tubular anion secretion), pindolol (net tubular cation secretion), and fluconazole (net tubular reabsorption) was administered intravenously to 7-week-old male conventional pigs. Plasma and urinary concentrations were determined using validated analytical methods. The clearance of iohexol (GFR) was 97.87 ± 16.05 ml/min/m² (mean ± SD). The ERPF, calculated as the renal clearance of PAH, was 226.77 ± 62.45 ml/min/m², whereas the net tubular secretion of PAH was 130.28 ± 52.62 ml/min/m². The net tubular secretion of R-pindolol and S-pindolol was 13.53 ± 12.97 and 18.01 ± 39.23 ml/min/m², respectively. The net tubular reabsorption of fluconazole was 78.32 ± 13.52 ml/min/m². Overall, this cocktail of renal markers was considered to be safe for use in pigs since no adverse effects were observed. Iohexol, PAH and fluconazole were considered suitable renal marker to assess the porcine renal function. Pindolol seems less appropriate due to the high degree of nonrenal clearance in pigs. The values of GFR, ERPF, and anion secretion are within the same range for both human and pig. Regarding the tubular reabsorption of fluconazole, slightly higher values were obtained for pigs. Nevertheless, these results indicate the conventional pig could be an appropriate animal model to study renal drug elimination processes in humans.

ACS Style

Laura Dhondt; Siska Croubels; Peter De Paepe; Steven C. Wallis; Saurabh Pandey; Jason A. Roberts; Jeffrey Lipman; Pieter De Cock; Mathias Devreese. Conventional Pig as Animal Model for Human Renal Drug Excretion Processes: Unravelling the Porcine Renal Function by Use of a Cocktail of Exogenous Markers. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Laura Dhondt, Siska Croubels, Peter De Paepe, Steven C. Wallis, Saurabh Pandey, Jason A. Roberts, Jeffrey Lipman, Pieter De Cock, Mathias Devreese. Conventional Pig as Animal Model for Human Renal Drug Excretion Processes: Unravelling the Porcine Renal Function by Use of a Cocktail of Exogenous Markers. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Dhondt; Siska Croubels; Peter De Paepe; Steven C. Wallis; Saurabh Pandey; Jason A. Roberts; Jeffrey Lipman; Pieter De Cock; Mathias Devreese. 2020. "Conventional Pig as Animal Model for Human Renal Drug Excretion Processes: Unravelling the Porcine Renal Function by Use of a Cocktail of Exogenous Markers." Frontiers in Pharmacology 11, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 21 April 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Early detection of obesity-related glomerulopathy in humans is challenging as it might not be detected by routine biomarkers of kidney function. This study’s aim was to use novel kidney biomarkers and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to evaluate the effect of obesity development and weight-loss on kidney function, perfusion, and injury in dogs. Sixteen healthy lean adult beagles were assigned randomly but age-matched to a control group (CG) (n = 8) fed to maintain a lean body weight (BW) for 83 weeks; or to a weight-change group (WCG) (n = 8) fed the same diet to induce obesity (week 0–47), to maintain stable obese weight (week 47–56) and to lose BW (week 56–83). At 8 time points, values of systolic blood pressure (sBP); serum creatinine (sCr); blood urea nitrogen (BUN); serum cystatin C (sCysC); urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC); and urinary biomarkers of glomerular and tubular injury were measured. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal perfusion using CEUS were assayed (except for week 68). For CEUS, intensity- and time-related parameters representing blood volume and velocity were derived from imaging data, respectively. At 12–22% weight-gain, cortical time-to-peak, representing blood velocity, was shorter in the WCG vs. the CG. After 37% weight-gain, sCysC, UPC, glomerular and tubular biomarkers of injury, urinary immunoglobulin G and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, respectively, were higher in the WCG. sBP, sCr, BUN and GFR were not significantly different. After 23% weight-loss, all alterations were attenuated. Early weight-gain in dogs induced renal perfusion changes measured with CEUS, without hyperfiltration, preceding increased urinary protein excretion with potential glomerular and tubular injury. The combined use of routine biomarkers of kidney function, CEUS and site-specific urinary biomarkers might be valuable in assessing kidney health of individuals at risk for obesity-related glomerulopathy in a non-invasive manner.

ACS Style

Daisy J. X. Liu; Emmelie Stock; Bart Broeckx; Sylvie Daminet; Evelyne Meyer; Joris R. Delanghe; Siska Croubels; Mathias Devreese; Patrick Nguyen; Evelien Bogaerts; Myriam Hesta; Katrien Vanderperren. Weight-gain induced changes in renal perfusion assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound precede increases in urinary protein excretion suggestive of glomerular and tubular injury and normalize after weight-loss in dogs. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0231662 .

AMA Style

Daisy J. X. Liu, Emmelie Stock, Bart Broeckx, Sylvie Daminet, Evelyne Meyer, Joris R. Delanghe, Siska Croubels, Mathias Devreese, Patrick Nguyen, Evelien Bogaerts, Myriam Hesta, Katrien Vanderperren. Weight-gain induced changes in renal perfusion assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound precede increases in urinary protein excretion suggestive of glomerular and tubular injury and normalize after weight-loss in dogs. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (4):e0231662.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daisy J. X. Liu; Emmelie Stock; Bart Broeckx; Sylvie Daminet; Evelyne Meyer; Joris R. Delanghe; Siska Croubels; Mathias Devreese; Patrick Nguyen; Evelien Bogaerts; Myriam Hesta; Katrien Vanderperren. 2020. "Weight-gain induced changes in renal perfusion assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound precede increases in urinary protein excretion suggestive of glomerular and tubular injury and normalize after weight-loss in dogs." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4: e0231662.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2020 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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A comprehensive toxicokinetic analysis of citrinin (CIT) revealed interspecies differences for all toxicokinetic parameters and in absolute oral bioavailability. Oral bioavailability for CIT was complete for broilers (113–131%), while ranging from 37 to 44% in pigs. CIT was more rapidly absorbed in pigs (Tmax = 0.92 h) compared to broiler chickens (Tmax = 7.33 h). The elimination of CIT was slower in pigs (T1/2el = 26.81 h after intravenous (IV) administration) compared to chickens (T1/2el = 1.97 h after IV administration), due to the striking difference in clearance (Cliv=9.87 mL/h/kg for pigs versus Cliv = 863.09 mL/h/kg for broilers). Also, the volume of distribution differed significantly between pigs (Vd = 0.30 L/kg after IV administration) and chickens (Vd = 2.46 L/kg after IV administration). However, plasma protein binding did not differ statistically significant (91–98%). It is imperative to further investigate biotransformation and elimination pathways in different species, including humans.

ACS Style

Celine Meerpoel; Arnau Vidal; Bart Huybrechts; Emmanuel K. Tangni; Sarah De Saeger; Siska Croubels; Mathias Devreese. Comprehensive toxicokinetic analysis reveals major interspecies differences in absorption, distribution and elimination of citrinin in pigs and broiler chickens. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2020, 141, 111365 .

AMA Style

Celine Meerpoel, Arnau Vidal, Bart Huybrechts, Emmanuel K. Tangni, Sarah De Saeger, Siska Croubels, Mathias Devreese. Comprehensive toxicokinetic analysis reveals major interspecies differences in absorption, distribution and elimination of citrinin in pigs and broiler chickens. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2020; 141 ():111365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Celine Meerpoel; Arnau Vidal; Bart Huybrechts; Emmanuel K. Tangni; Sarah De Saeger; Siska Croubels; Mathias Devreese. 2020. "Comprehensive toxicokinetic analysis reveals major interspecies differences in absorption, distribution and elimination of citrinin in pigs and broiler chickens." Food and Chemical Toxicology 141, no. : 111365.

Research article
Published: 13 January 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Intranasal ketamine has recently gained interest in human medicine, not only for its sedative, anaesthetic or analgesic properties, but also in the management of treatment resistant depression, where it has been shown to be an effective, fast acting alternative treatment. Since several similarities are reported between human psychiatric disorders and canine anxiety disorders, intranasal ketamine could serve as an alternative treatment for anxiety disordered dogs. However, to the authors knowledge, intranasal administration of ketamine and its pharmacokinetics have never been described in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of intranasal ketamine administration compared with intravenous administration. Seven healthy, adult laboratory Beagle dogs were included in this randomized crossover study. The dogs received 2 mg/kg body weight ketamine intravenously (IV) or intranasally (IN), with a two-week wash-out period. Prior to ketamine administration, dogs were sedated intramuscularly with dexmedetomidine. Venous blood samples were collected at fixed times until 480 min post-administration and ketamine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiovascular parameters and sedation scores were recorded at the same time points. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a rapid (Tmax = 0.25 ± 0.14 h) and complete IN bioavailability (F = 147.65 ± 49.97%). Elimination half-life was similar between both administration routes (T1/2el IV = 1.47 ± 0.24 h, T1/2el IN = 1.50 ± 0.97 h). Heart rate and sedation scores were significantly higher at 5 and 10 min following IV administration compared to IN administration, but not at the later time-points.

ACS Style

Lise Vlerick; Mathias Devreese; Kathelijne Peremans; Robrecht Dockx; Siska Croubels; Luc Duchateau; Ingeborgh Polis. Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0227762 .

AMA Style

Lise Vlerick, Mathias Devreese, Kathelijne Peremans, Robrecht Dockx, Siska Croubels, Luc Duchateau, Ingeborgh Polis. Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (1):e0227762.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lise Vlerick; Mathias Devreese; Kathelijne Peremans; Robrecht Dockx; Siska Croubels; Luc Duchateau; Ingeborgh Polis. 2020. "Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs." PLOS ONE 15, no. 1: e0227762.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Early diagnosis of kidney diseases in avian species is limited. Endogenous markers currently used in avian practice are not sensitive enough to identify early kidney failure. Consequently, alternative markers should be evaluated. To be able to evaluate these alternative markers, an accurate marker to estimate the GFR should be validated. This study determined the GFR, measured as clearance of exogenous creatinine and exo-iohexol, in six different bird species, i.e. broiler chickens, laying chickens, turkeys, Muscovy ducks, pigeons and African grey parrots (4♀/4♂). To be able to compare the six bird species, normalization to bodyweight (BW) of the GFR was performed, after a good correlation between BW and kidney weight was demonstrated (R² = 0.9836). Clearance of exo-iohexol normalized to BW (mL/min/kg) was determined in all bird species, i.e. 3.09 in broiler chickens; 2.57 in laying chickens; 1.94 in turkeys; 1.29 in pigeons; 2.60 in ducks and 1.11 in parrots. However, these results differed significantly with the clearance of exogenous creatinine: 8.41 in broiler chickens; 9.33 in laying chickens; 5.62 in turkeys; 14.97 in pigeons; 17.59 in ducks and 25.56 in parrots 25.56. Iohexol is preferred to measure the GFR, since it is not prone to tubular reabsorption nor secretion.

ACS Style

Elke Gasthuys; Andrés Montesinos; Nele Caekebeke; Mathias Devreese; Siegrid De Baere; Maria Ardiaca; Dominique Paepe; Siska Croubels; Gunther Antonissen. Comparative physiology of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine and exo-iohexol in six different avian species. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Elke Gasthuys, Andrés Montesinos, Nele Caekebeke, Mathias Devreese, Siegrid De Baere, Maria Ardiaca, Dominique Paepe, Siska Croubels, Gunther Antonissen. Comparative physiology of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine and exo-iohexol in six different avian species. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elke Gasthuys; Andrés Montesinos; Nele Caekebeke; Mathias Devreese; Siegrid De Baere; Maria Ardiaca; Dominique Paepe; Siska Croubels; Gunther Antonissen. 2019. "Comparative physiology of glomerular filtration rate by plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine and exo-iohexol in six different avian species." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-8.

Toxicokinetics and metabolism
Published: 13 December 2019 in Archives of Toxicology
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Age-related differences in toxicokinetic processes of deoxynivalenol (DON) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G) were studied. DON3G [55.7 µg/kg bodyweight (BW)] and an equimolar dose of DON (36 µg/kg BW) were administered to weaned piglets (4 weeks old) by single intravenous and oral administration in a double two-way cross-over design. Systemic and portal blood was sampled at different time points pre- and post-administration and plasma concentrations of DON, DON3G and their metabolites were quantified using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) methods. Data were processed using tailor-made compartmental toxicokinetic (TK) models to accurately estimate TK parameters. Results were statistically compared to data obtained in a previous study on 11-week-old pigs using identical experimental conditions. Significant age-related differences in intestinal and systemic exposure to both DON and DON3G were noted. Most remarkably, a significant difference was found for the absorbed fraction of DON3G, after presystemic hydrolysis to DON, in weaned piglets compared to 11-week-old piglets (83% vs 16%, respectively), assumed to be mainly attributed to the higher intestinal permeability of weaned piglets. Other differences in TK parameters could be assigned to a higher water/fat body ratio and longer gastrointestinal transit time of weaned piglets. Results may further refine current risk assessment concerning DON and DON3G in animals. Additionally, since piglets possibly serve as a human paediatric surrogate model, results may be extrapolated to human infants.

ACS Style

Amelie Catteuw; Mathias Devreese; Siegrid De Baere; Gunther Antonissen; Lada Ivanova; Silvio Uhlig; Ann Martens; Sarah De Saeger; Marthe De Boevre; Siska Croubels. Investigation of age-related differences in toxicokinetic processes of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in weaned piglets. Archives of Toxicology 2019, 94, 417 -425.

AMA Style

Amelie Catteuw, Mathias Devreese, Siegrid De Baere, Gunther Antonissen, Lada Ivanova, Silvio Uhlig, Ann Martens, Sarah De Saeger, Marthe De Boevre, Siska Croubels. Investigation of age-related differences in toxicokinetic processes of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in weaned piglets. Archives of Toxicology. 2019; 94 (2):417-425.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amelie Catteuw; Mathias Devreese; Siegrid De Baere; Gunther Antonissen; Lada Ivanova; Silvio Uhlig; Ann Martens; Sarah De Saeger; Marthe De Boevre; Siska Croubels. 2019. "Investigation of age-related differences in toxicokinetic processes of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in weaned piglets." Archives of Toxicology 94, no. 2: 417-425.

Paper
Published: 05 October 2019 in Veterinary Record
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Despite common use of oral group medication in pig rearing, the homogeneity, stability and carry-over of frequently used medicinal products in feed and drinking water are largely unknown. Therefore, a field study was performed on 52 Belgian pig farms, characterising preparation and administration of medicinal products via these systems, and farmers’ user experiences with medicated feed and medicated drinking water. The study showed that medicated drinking water is more commonly used than medicated feed, since 90.4 per cent of the farms sometimes use medicated drinking water and 69.2 per cent of the farms sometimes use medicated feed. The drinking water quality is evaluated at least once a year on only 30.7 per cent of the farms. Separate pipelines for medicated and non-medicated circuits were not present in any of the farms using medicated feed and in 27.7 per cent of the farms using medicated drinking water. With drinking water medication, 63.5 per cent of the farmers reported encountering practical problems, often related to solubility issues and precipitation of the active compounds. In contrast, medicated feed is bought ready-to-use from the feed manufacturer in 68.2 per cent of the cases, thus reducing the number of practical problems experienced by the farmer. This study shows room for improvement of oral group treatment, developing appropriate pharmaceutical formulations for drinking water medication, quality control of drinking water, using separate pipeline circuits, and cleaning and disinfecting protocols.

ACS Style

Femke Vandael; Maria-Eleni Filippitzi; Jeroen Dewulf; Els Daeseleire; Mia Eeckhout; Mathias Devreese; Siska Croubels. Oral group medication in pig production: characterising medicated feed and drinking water systems. Veterinary Record 2019, 185, 405 -405.

AMA Style

Femke Vandael, Maria-Eleni Filippitzi, Jeroen Dewulf, Els Daeseleire, Mia Eeckhout, Mathias Devreese, Siska Croubels. Oral group medication in pig production: characterising medicated feed and drinking water systems. Veterinary Record. 2019; 185 (13):405-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Femke Vandael; Maria-Eleni Filippitzi; Jeroen Dewulf; Els Daeseleire; Mia Eeckhout; Mathias Devreese; Siska Croubels. 2019. "Oral group medication in pig production: characterising medicated feed and drinking water systems." Veterinary Record 185, no. 13: 405-405.