Land transformation issues have been threatening the future of agriculture within the past decades. However, there are some areas that show their ability in maintaining their agricultural land. This paper aims to explore the farm management system resulted from the presence of legal pluralism that might contribute to future agricultural development. Data were gained through focus group discussions, observations, and in-depth interviews with various key informants. Systems thinking approach was used in this study, and data were iterated and modeled by using Causal Loop Diagram to give a better illustration of the phenomenon. We found that the integration between customary and legal law, which is manifested in the people’s farming praxis, is the main factor in sustaining the agricultural sector. The customary laws were reinforced by the local government, which made the government’s role crucial in allowing its citizen to continuously practice their beliefs in maintaining their agricultural lands. These conclusions are helpful in understanding the complexities underlying land transformation issues, which contributes to the literatures in related fields and improves the policy on agricultural land preservation in Indonesia and other developing countries.

The conversion of agricultural land for food in urban areas is a real threat to the region food security and availability. On the one hand, the livelihoods of farm workers are increasingly threatened, and it is easy to switch their livelihoods to other sectors. This study aims to examine the relationship between land conversion and farm laborers' household livelihood strategies to survive in urban areas. This study uses a mix methods approach to analyse relation between the macro data about land conversion rate data with the micro farm labor household livelihood strategy in West Java urban region. The results showed that the main livelihood for urban farm laborers could no longer be categorized, because of the fast and easy dynamics of transitioning from agricultural to non-agricultural livelihoods. This study also shows that the government's efforts are still not effective in suppressing the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. The creation of new jobs based on urban agriculture is one solution that needs to be pursued to maintain food availability and the survival of urban farm workers.

West Java Province is the most populous province in Indonesia, facing significant food insecurity challenges, particularly among poor households. With a growing population and increasing poverty rates, understanding food consumption dynamics is critical for policy-making. his study aims to analyze the impact of price, income, and socio-demographic factors on food consumption in poor households in West Java Province, both in urban and rural areas. The analysis method was carried out using the Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS) model. The results of the study show that the food consumption of poor households in West Java is generally influenced by the own price of the commodity, the price of other commodities, income, number of household members, type of region (rural/urban), education of the household head (average years of schooling of the head of household) and the type of work of the head of the household (agriculture/nonagriculture). The overall expenditure elasticity of poor households shows the results of positive expenditure elasticity. This means that all groups of food commodities are normal goods and some of them fall into the category of luxury goods. The government should make a policy to control food demand through controlling food prices, through decreasing food prices so that household food demand increases.

This study aims to analyze access mechanisms and social networks formed in community-based forest management programs. This study uses a qualitative approach through access and social network analysis based on the results of in-depth interviews with 23 farmers as s who are members of the Kramatjaya forest farmer group in Cisurupan District, Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia, which were conducted from September 2020 to February 2021. the stage of maintaining access through efforts to increase and maintain types of access to capital, technology, knowledge, markets and social relations. This study also shows the form of the Radial Personal Network which shows the form of a personal network that is widespread, large, and open to outside information so that it is one way to improve the welfare of farmers.

Background/Objectives: Mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) exhibits robust antioxidant properties. However, its pharmaceutical application is hindered by poor water solubility and low physicochemical stability. This study aimed to develop a lipid-based nanoemulsion to overcome these limitations and assess its physicochemical characteristics, radical scavenging capacity, and dissolution profiles. Methods: Nanoemulsions were prepared by high-shear homogenization followed by ultrasonication method using sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis L.) across varying hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values. Formulations were characterized by emulsion type, pH, rheology, droplet size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency, and morphology via transmission electron microscopy. Antioxidant capacity was quantified using the DPPH assay, while in vitro dissolution experiments measured solubility enhancement relative to unformulated extract. Results: All formulations formed stable oil-in-water systems without phase separation. The HLB 10 formulation exhibited optimal performance, yielding a mean droplet diameter of 490.03 ± 32.12 nm, zeta potential of −52.73 ± 0.09 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 89.14 ± 0.19%. Micrographs revealed well-structured spherical droplets. The raw extract showed strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 21.68 ppm), which remained functional in nanoemulsion (IC₅₀ = 84.48 ppm). Dissolution testing indicated a 13.4-fold improvement over raw powder. However, storage evaluation indicated chemical loss of bioactive constituents over one month. Conclusions: Sacha inchi oil-based nanoemulsions significantly enhance the dissolution rate of mangosteen pericarp extract while maintaining functional antioxidant potential. Although chemical stability during storage remains a limitation requiring further optimization, this nanocarrier platform offers strong potential to overcome solubility barriers for oral bioactive delivery.

: As the staple food of Indonesians, rice has become an economic and political commodity in the country. This study aims to analyze the agrarian dynamics of rice farmers from a historical perspective, focusing on studying how the agrarian change affected the rice production mode in the present situation. The historiography approach used to produce critical analysis was complemented by tracing literature studies, especially in West Java, one of the main rice producers in Indonesia. The results showed that the structure of land tenure and ownership in rice farming had undergone a fundamental change. The dynamics that appear in rice can be seen at the level of agricultural technology intervention and local and national policies, which have experienced changes due to pressure from the agricultural production input sub-system. This pressure led to a change in peasant institutions that shifted from informal to formal, which was not in line with the structure of land tenure and ownership, which was still dominated by petty commodity producers. Keywords: Agrarian dynamics, farmers, historical, paddy