Land transformation issues have been threatening the future of agriculture within the past decades. However, there are some areas that show their ability in maintaining their agricultural land. This paper aims to explore the farm management system resulted from the presence of legal pluralism that might contribute to future agricultural development. Data were gained through focus group discussions, observations, and in-depth interviews with various key informants. Systems thinking approach was used in this study, and data were iterated and modeled by using Causal Loop Diagram to give a better illustration of the phenomenon. We found that the integration between customary and legal law, which is manifested in the people’s farming praxis, is the main factor in sustaining the agricultural sector. The customary laws were reinforced by the local government, which made the government’s role crucial in allowing its citizen to continuously practice their beliefs in maintaining their agricultural lands. These conclusions are helpful in understanding the complexities underlying land transformation issues, which contributes to the literatures in related fields and improves the policy on agricultural land preservation in Indonesia and other developing countries.

The Green Revolution still heavily influences the agricultural practices of small-scale farming enterprises employing unsustainable methods of cultivation. As a result, many initiatives have been developed to promote more environmentally friendly agricultural practices. This paper aims to seek the determinants of farmers regarding practicing more sustainable farming in Tasikmalaya Regency, Indonesia, especially in terms of the use of chemicals. Data were gained by interviewing 360 farmers at the study site. A logit regression model was then used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis indicate that the most significant determinants of sustainability in farming practices are each farmer’s standard of education and how active the farmer is in farmers’ groups. This shows the importance of positioning the farmer group as an essential factor for achieving sustainable farming in Indonesia. Consequently, transitioning to more sustainable agricultural practices requires that policymakers address the topic of economic incentives, improving market access, leveraging farmers’ groups, providing education and support, and designing policies that empower farmers as agents of change in their own communities.

Palm oil is a leading export commodity for Indonesia and the country’s highest foreign exchange earner. This commodity also has a fairly important role in the economy in regions in Indonesia, especially in Labuhanbatu Regency as one of the centers of oil palm production in the Sumatran Archipelago. This study aimed to analyze the level of sustainability of smallholder oil palm agribusiness in Labuhanbatu Regency. The study was designed using quantitative methods and a proportionate stratified random sampling approach with 249 oil palm farmers as research respondents. The data were analyzed using the multi dimensional scaling (MDS) method assisted by the Rap—Palm Oil (RAPPO) software (version 1.0). The results showed that the multidimensional sustainability of the smallholder oil palm agribusiness in Labuhanbatu Regency was in the “fairly sustainable” category. This illustrates that the oil palm agribusiness needs stakeholder support to improve its sustainability status. The highest value is the economic dimension because it is the main source of livelihood for oil palm farmers, while the lowest value is the environmental dimension. The value obtained was influenced by the use of production inputs that were not in accordance with the recommendations.

This research evaluates the effect the industrial revolution era 4.0 has had on the performance and sustainability of coffee farmer cooperatives, especially in the West Java region, considering that West Java is a coffee center area that is starting to be taken into account in Indonesia and the world in general, this is evidenced by the increasing number of farmer cooperatives coffee in the West Java region. One of the most monumental effects of the industrial revolution 1.0 was the birth of the British cooperative in Rochdale, the world’s first modern cooperative. The industry continues to develop, cooperatives continue to adapt and try to continue to develop in accordance with technological advances, especially now that the industrial revolution 4.0 has entered, which emphasizes information technology, especially the use of the internet. However, there has been no previous research examining the use of information technology in coffee farmer cooperatives, especially in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, even though this information technology is very important in the development of cooperatives today. Quantitative descriptive method with SEM analysis was used to identify the effect of cooperative capability on the performance and sustainability of cooperatives in several coffee cooperatives in West Java. The study’s results found that the power of the cooperative did not significantly affect the performance of the Coffee Cooperative. Still, the capability of the cooperative had a positive and significant effect on the sustainability of the Coffee Cooperative. At the same time, the performance of the cooperative had a positive and significant impact on the sustainability of the coffee cooperative. The ability of cooperatives has a positive and significant effect on sustainability mediated by the performance of the Coffee Cooperative in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This study recommends increasing the capabilities of cooperatives in membership, management, and business models to become sustainable cooperatives based on information technology to achieve added value from market-driven coffee products. The results of the study show that the respondents perceive that the cooperative’s performance has a positive effect on their sustainability. Improving the performance of cooperatives in terms of (1) productivity, (2) effectiveness, (3) quality, and (4) achievement can be regarded as having a direct impact on the Coffee Cooperative’s long-term viability. The industrial revolution in the agricultural sector is facing demographic challenges (ageing), so intelligent technology, artificial intelligence, big data, and augmented reality are strategic choices. The application of information technology has a direct or indirect positive impact on Indonesia’s agricultural sector. Cooperatives in coffee agribusiness is also increasingly needed to respond to market demand by applying Information and Communication Technology (ICT).

To achieve a prosperous village community by utilizing all the potential and resources they have, village development needs to be carried out in a planned and sustainable manner by the village government and the community. This research aims to analyze alternative community-based village development strategies, and formulate the best strategies and programs for community-based village development. The data analysis method used is multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA). The location of this research is Parentas Village and Cidugaleun Village, Indonesia. The results showed that the utilization of the five development capitals at the research site could not be utilized optimally. This is influenced by the poor state of infrastructure, which causes an increase in farm production costs and reduces the price of produce at harvest. From the results of the analysis, there are also five main strategic factors that influence community-based village development: the culture of mutual assistance, community dependence on assistance, private investment, availability of technology, and outside parties that can trigger conflicts between communities. From the results of the analysis, the best conclusion in the strategy that can be applied is to use alternative V in the form of maximizing government programs in infrastructure development by involving the community. Based on the results of the analysis, it is expected to be an alternative and strategy for the government in the development of community-based villages.

The Citarum watershed is the longest in West Java Province. It is used as a source of raw water for drinking water, irrigation water for hundreds of thousands of hectares of rice fields, fisheries, industrial raw water, and hydroelectric power plants. The high population and industry growth at the outskirts of the Citarum watershed, which is not accompanied by good waste management, also results in high pollution in the Citarum watershed. Various efforts to handle the issue have been carried out since 1989 until the present; however, this problem still needs to be solved. One of the approaches to overcome environmental pollution that has been conducted is to develop an environmentally-cultured village. This study aims to determine the sustainability level of environmentally-cultured villages in the Upper Citarum watershed viewed from ecological, economic, social, and cultural dimensions using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach with the Rapid Appraisal Technique for Ecovillage (RAPVIL) software (version 1.0). The result shows that the multidimensional sustainability of ecovillage development in the Upper Citarum watershed, West Java Province is “fairly sustainable” for the cultural dimension and “poorly sustainable” for the ecological, social, and economic dimensions. This result shows that ecovillage development still requires support from various stakeholders to improve its sustainability status. The cultural dimension has the highest value due to the local cultural values, including a value system, traditions, languages, norms, and customs that have grown in the community. Meanwhile, the social dimension has the lowest sustainability value, influenced by the low level of community participation in ecovillage development.