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Dr. Łukasz Konat
Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

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0 Heat Treatment
0 Strength of Materials
0 Microstructural Characterization
0 Wear resistant steel
0 microstructure and mechanical properties

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Heat Treatment
Wear resistant steel

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Journal article
Published: 12 August 2021 in Materials
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The study presents technological and structural aspects of production and heat treatment of welded joints of high-strength, abrasion-resistant Hardox 600 steel. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the use of welding processes for joining this steel leads to the formation of a wide heat-affected zone, characterized by various structures favoring the reduction of abrasion resistance and deterioration of plastic properties, while increasing the susceptibility to brittle fracture. On the basis of the structural and strength characteristics, an effective welding technology for Hardox 600 steel was proposed, as well as the conditions and parameters of post-welding heat treatment, leading to obtaining structures close to a base material in the entire area of the welded joint. Despite the limited high-carbon equivalent CEV of the metallurgical weldability of the tested steel, the tests carried out in laboratory conditions allowed researchers to obtain welded joints characterized by very high strength indexes, corresponding to the base material, while maintaining satisfactory plastic and impact properties.

ACS Style

Łukasz Konat. Technological, Microstructural and Strength Aspects of Welding and Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Martensitic, Wear-Resistant Hardox 600 Steel. Materials 2021, 14, 4541 .

AMA Style

Łukasz Konat. Technological, Microstructural and Strength Aspects of Welding and Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Martensitic, Wear-Resistant Hardox 600 Steel. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Łukasz Konat. 2021. "Technological, Microstructural and Strength Aspects of Welding and Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Martensitic, Wear-Resistant Hardox 600 Steel." Materials 14, no. 16: 4541.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Materials
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The paper presents the results of tests of a welded joint of Hardox 450 steel, belonging to the group of weldable high-strength boron steels with increased resistance to abrasive wear. As a result of the conducted research, apart from the basic structural indicators, an attempt was made to determine the correlation between the grain size of the prior austenite in the characteristic weld zones and its basic mechanical properties, such as yield point, tensile strength, percentage elongation after fracture, reduction of area, and impact strength. The scope of research quoted above was carried out for a welded joint of the considered steel at delivery state (directly after welding), in the normalising annealed state, as well as in water-quenched state, using different austenitisation temperatures in the range of 900–1200 °C. The results obtained showed a large influence of the parameters of the applied thermal heat treatment on the selected structural and mechanical properties of the welded joint.

ACS Style

Łukasz Konat; Martyna Zemlik; Robert Jasiński; Dominika Grygier. Austenite Grain Growth Analysis in a Welded Joint of High-Strength Martensitic Abrasion-Resistant Steel Hardox 450. Materials 2021, 14, 2850 .

AMA Style

Łukasz Konat, Martyna Zemlik, Robert Jasiński, Dominika Grygier. Austenite Grain Growth Analysis in a Welded Joint of High-Strength Martensitic Abrasion-Resistant Steel Hardox 450. Materials. 2021; 14 (11):2850.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Łukasz Konat; Martyna Zemlik; Robert Jasiński; Dominika Grygier. 2021. "Austenite Grain Growth Analysis in a Welded Joint of High-Strength Martensitic Abrasion-Resistant Steel Hardox 450." Materials 14, no. 11: 2850.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2021 in Materials
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Nitride-bonded silicon carbide is an alternative to steels resistant to abrasive wear. This paper presents the results of a nitride-bonded silicon carbide (SiC) wear test in diverse soil conditions. The test was performed on a “spinning bowl” test stand on three soil types: loamy sand, light loam and ordinary loam. The results were referred to the wear test for materials used to make parts working soil mass, i.e., abrasive wear-resistant steel, boron steel and C + Cr + Nb padding weld. The abrasive wear resistance of silicon carbide was shown to depend on the grain size distribution of the soil being worked. Silicon carbide showed the highest resistance in light soil. However, the padding weld showed higher wear resistance in the other soil conditions. Nitride-bonded silicon carbide had higher wear resistance than the steels under study in all of the soils. These findings are supplemented by an analysis of the condition of the worked surfaces after friction tests. The dominant wear methods in all abrasive masses were micro-cutting and furrowing.

ACS Style

Jerzy Napiórkowski; Klaudia Olejniczak; Łukasz Konat. Wear Properties of Nitride-Bonded Silicon Carbide under the Action of an Abrasive Soil Mass. Materials 2021, 14, 2043 .

AMA Style

Jerzy Napiórkowski, Klaudia Olejniczak, Łukasz Konat. Wear Properties of Nitride-Bonded Silicon Carbide under the Action of an Abrasive Soil Mass. Materials. 2021; 14 (8):2043.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jerzy Napiórkowski; Klaudia Olejniczak; Łukasz Konat. 2021. "Wear Properties of Nitride-Bonded Silicon Carbide under the Action of an Abrasive Soil Mass." Materials 14, no. 8: 2043.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in Metals
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The article presents the results of Hardox Extreme steel tests in the as-delivered state from a steel mill (after quenching and tempering), and also in the normalized state. The research procedures included a microstructure analysis using light microscopy; and a static tensile test at ambient temperature to determine its Young’s modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and reduction in area after fracture. During the tensile tests, both the longitudinal and transverse orientation of rolling direction were taken into account. The Charpy impact test was also carried out in the temperature range of the ductile–brittle transition in connection with the fractographic analysis carried out with the use of a scanning microscope (SEM). The impact tests were carried out on samples in both directions on the plate, using the following temperatures: −40, −20, 0, +20 °C. Based on the structural and strength characteristics of Hardox Extreme steel determined on the basis of the research, in a further part of the paper the possibility of its use in machine construction elements operating in selected industrial sectors is considered/discussed, with a particular emphasis on reducing the level of energy consumption in the manufacturing and operation of the above technical facilities.

ACS Style

Beata Białobrzeska; Robert Jasiński; Łukasz Konat; Łukasz Szczepański. Analysis of the Properties of Hardox Extreme Steel and Possibilities of Its Applications in Machinery. Metals 2021, 11, 162 .

AMA Style

Beata Białobrzeska, Robert Jasiński, Łukasz Konat, Łukasz Szczepański. Analysis of the Properties of Hardox Extreme Steel and Possibilities of Its Applications in Machinery. Metals. 2021; 11 (1):162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beata Białobrzeska; Robert Jasiński; Łukasz Konat; Łukasz Szczepański. 2021. "Analysis of the Properties of Hardox Extreme Steel and Possibilities of Its Applications in Machinery." Metals 11, no. 1: 162.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2020 in Materials
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Claddings produced by welding are commonly used to increase the durability of the working elements of agricultural tools. The working conditions that occur during the cultivation of agricultural soil determine the wear intensity (different soil fractions, biological, and chemical environment). It was found that the tested claddings (Fe-Cr-C-Nb system) is characterized by three different layers: hypereutectic (layer I), near eutectic (layer II), and hypoeutectic (layer III). In layer I, micro-cracking and spalling of hard and brittle primary M7C3 carbides resulted in micro-delamination under the impact of larger soil fractions, which increased the wear intensity. Due to the lower fraction of primary M7C3 carbides in layer II, the share of micro-delamination was less significant in comparison to layer I. It was found that niobium carbides are firmly embedded in the matrix and effectively inhibit wear intensity in layer I and layer II. Layer III contained austenite dendrites, a refined eutectic mixture, and also NbC. In this layer, cracks (caused the unfavorable eutectic mixture morphology) were found in the interdendritic spaces at the worn surface. After the penetration of the cladding, there was a "wash-out effect", which resulted in a significant reduction in the durability of the working elements due to abrasive wear.

ACS Style

Aleksandra Królicka; Łukasz Szczepański; Łukasz Konat; Tomasz Stawicki; Piotr Kostencki. The Influence of Microstructure on Abrasive Wear Micro-Mechanisms of the Claddings Produced by Welding Used in Agricultural Soil. Materials 2020, 13, 1920 .

AMA Style

Aleksandra Królicka, Łukasz Szczepański, Łukasz Konat, Tomasz Stawicki, Piotr Kostencki. The Influence of Microstructure on Abrasive Wear Micro-Mechanisms of the Claddings Produced by Welding Used in Agricultural Soil. Materials. 2020; 13 (8):1920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aleksandra Królicka; Łukasz Szczepański; Łukasz Konat; Tomasz Stawicki; Piotr Kostencki. 2020. "The Influence of Microstructure on Abrasive Wear Micro-Mechanisms of the Claddings Produced by Welding Used in Agricultural Soil." Materials 13, no. 8: 1920.

Chapter
Published: 13 October 2019 in Mining Machines and Earth-Moving Equipment
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This multi-subject study is focused on some crucial material issues related to brown-coal mining machines. These issues include degradation problems of rimmed steels used till the 1980s for structures of excavator bodies. The performed research works resulted in resigning this group of materials in construction of new or modernised machines. Degradation examinations and the resulting evaluation of degradation condition of the materials are currently applied for bridge structures. Systematic selection of materials (together with complex heat treatment) can be illustrated by the presented process of selecting materials for the travelling unit of a machine. Problems of abrasive wear under dynamic loads are presented on the examples of bucket teeth of excavators, pad-welded layers of chutes of a bucket wheel and low-alloy martensitic steels (with Hardox steels especially considered). The main thesis of the presented study, documented also by results of a service experiment, is that wider application of these materials can be critically important for the service life of opencast mining machines. The main issue is elimination, by proper thermal treatment, of heat-affected zones in the vicinity of welded joints, characterised by reduced resistance to abrasive wear. A thermal treatment of welded joints is also suggested, leading to homogenisation of microstructures in heat-affected zones and in base materials, as well as to definite improvement of mechanical properties of the joints.

ACS Style

Łukasz Konat; Grzegorz Pękalski. Overview of Materials Testing of Brown-Coal Mining Machines (Years 1985–2017). Mining Machines and Earth-Moving Equipment 2019, 21 -58.

AMA Style

Łukasz Konat, Grzegorz Pękalski. Overview of Materials Testing of Brown-Coal Mining Machines (Years 1985–2017). Mining Machines and Earth-Moving Equipment. 2019; ():21-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Łukasz Konat; Grzegorz Pękalski. 2019. "Overview of Materials Testing of Brown-Coal Mining Machines (Years 1985–2017)." Mining Machines and Earth-Moving Equipment , no. : 21-58.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2019 in Metals
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The paper presents structure and mechanical properties of welded joints of the high-strength, abrasive-wear resistant steel Hardox Extreme. It was shown that, as a result of welding this steel, structures conducive to lowering its abrasion-wear resistance are created in the heat-affected zone. Width of the zone exceeds 60 mm, which results in accelerated wear in the planned applications. On the grounds of the carried-out examinations of structures and selected mechanical properties, a welding technology followed by heat treatment of heat-affected zones was suggested, leading to reconstruction of HAZ structures that is morphologically close to the base material structure. In spite of high carbon equivalent (CEV) of Hardox Extreme, the executed welding processes and heat treatment did not result in the appearance, in laboratory conditions, of welding imperfections in the welded joints.

ACS Style

Łukasz Konat. Structural Aspects of Execution and Thermal Treatment of Welded Joints of Hardox Extreme Steel. Metals 2019, 9, 915 .

AMA Style

Łukasz Konat. Structural Aspects of Execution and Thermal Treatment of Welded Joints of Hardox Extreme Steel. Metals. 2019; 9 (9):915.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Łukasz Konat. 2019. "Structural Aspects of Execution and Thermal Treatment of Welded Joints of Hardox Extreme Steel." Metals 9, no. 9: 915.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2019 in Materials
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This paper presents the forecasting of the wear of working elements in an abrasive soil mass using the theoretical wear model. One of the widely used models providing a basis for the relationships describing wear is the Holm-Archard model. This relationship describes abrasive wear because of the contact between two bodies. The model assumes that the wear of an operating part is directly proportional to the sliding force and distance and inversely proportional to the hardness of the material of the part. To date, the model has not been verified in the wear of a soil mass, which is a discrete friction surface. Four grades of steel resistant to abrasive wear, intended for the manufacturing of operating parts exposed to wear within a soil mass, Hardox 500, XAR 600, TBL Plus and B27, were subjected to testing. TBL Plus steel was characterised by the smallest wear irrespective of the soil type. In turn, the highest values of the wear were noted in the light soil for Hardox 500, in the medium soil for XAR 600, while in the heavy soil for B27. Based on the obtained results, a high correlation coefficient was noted, with the highest values obtained for light and heavy soils.

ACS Style

Jerzy Napiórkowski; Magdalena Lemecha; Łukasz Konat. Forecasting the Wear of Operating Parts in an Abrasive Soil Mass Using the Holm-Archard Model. Materials 2019, 12, 2180 .

AMA Style

Jerzy Napiórkowski, Magdalena Lemecha, Łukasz Konat. Forecasting the Wear of Operating Parts in an Abrasive Soil Mass Using the Holm-Archard Model. Materials. 2019; 12 (13):2180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jerzy Napiórkowski; Magdalena Lemecha; Łukasz Konat. 2019. "Forecasting the Wear of Operating Parts in an Abrasive Soil Mass Using the Holm-Archard Model." Materials 12, no. 13: 2180.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2019 in Tribologia
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This paper presents the structure and the results of abrasive wear resistance testing for 38GSA steel in an asdelivered condition (after heat refining) and after volume hardening. Based on the tests conducted by both light and scanning microscopy methods, it was demonstrated that, due to the performed technological operations, this steel differed significantly in terms of structure compared to the as-delivered condition, which affected its performance characteristics. In an as-delivered condition, 38GSA (38MnSi4) steel is characterised by a finegrained ferrite-pearlite structure with martensite areas arranged in bands, which significantly differs from the structure typical of the state of equilibrium. After volume hardening, the steel in question is characterised by a homogeneous fine-stripped martensite structure with clearly visible former austenite grain boundaries. The obtained results of structural testing on 38GSA steel were related to the actual abrasive wear resistance indices obtained by the “rotating bowl” method using various abrasive soil mass types. Tests conducted in the following soils, i.e. light (loamy sand), medium (light loam) and heavy (common loam), including hardness measurements, showed a close relationship between the results obtained for abrasive wear resistance and the phase structure resulting from the heat treatment state of the tested material. The obtained results of the tests on 38GSA steel were compared to those for low-alloyed martensitic abrasive wear resistant steels Hardox 500 and Brinar 500.

ACS Style

Łukasz Konat; Jerzy Napiórkowski. THE EFFECT OF THE METHOD AND PARAMETERS OF THE HEAT TREATMENT ON ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF 38GSA STEEL. Tribologia 2019, 285, 61 -69.

AMA Style

Łukasz Konat, Jerzy Napiórkowski. THE EFFECT OF THE METHOD AND PARAMETERS OF THE HEAT TREATMENT ON ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF 38GSA STEEL. Tribologia. 2019; 285 (3):61-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Łukasz Konat; Jerzy Napiórkowski. 2019. "THE EFFECT OF THE METHOD AND PARAMETERS OF THE HEAT TREATMENT ON ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF 38GSA STEEL." Tribologia 285, no. 3: 61-69.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Tribologia
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One of the most important problems encountered during operation of machine parts exposed to abrasive action is their wear. In addition, these parts often work under dynamic loads, so their satisfactory ductility is also required. A combination of these apparently opposing properties is to a large degree possible in low-alloy martensitic steels containing boron. These steels are manufactured by numerous metallurgical concerns, but their nomenclature is not standardised and they appear under names given by the manufacturers, and their specifications are available in commercial information materials only. Till now, Hardox steels have been objects of great interest but, with regard to the continuous development of materials engineering, the created material database requires regular supplementation. To that end, two grades of steels from this group, Brinar 400 and Brinar 500, were subjected to comparative analysis of their abrasive-wear resistance in relation to properties of competitive grades Hardox 400 and Hardox 500. Abrasive-wear resistance tests were carriedout in laboratory conditions using a tribotester T-07. In addition, to identify the main wear mechanisms, worn surfaces of the specimens were examined with use of a scanning electron microscope.

ACS Style

Beata Białobrzeska; Łukasz Konat. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABRASIVE-WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR AND HARDOX STEELS. Tribologia 2018, 272, 7 -16.

AMA Style

Beata Białobrzeska, Łukasz Konat. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABRASIVE-WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR AND HARDOX STEELS. Tribologia. 2018; 272 (2):7-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beata Białobrzeska; Łukasz Konat. 2018. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABRASIVE-WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR AND HARDOX STEELS." Tribologia 272, no. 2: 7-16.

Research article
Published: 29 April 2018 in Scanning
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Properties of low-alloy boron-containing steels Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 in as-delivered and normalized conditions are considered. Charpy tests carried out within temperature ranges of ductile-to-brittle transition were followed by fractographic analysis. The tests were carried out on specimens with their axes parallel and perpendicular to hot-working direction, at −40°C, −20°C, 0°C, and +20°C. The determined impact properties of Brinar steels were complemented with fractographic analysis performed with use of a scanning electron microscope. It was found that temperatures of ductile-brittle transition were significantly different for the materials in as-delivered and normalized conditions. In addition the tensile tests were carried out, determining basic strength properties of the analyzed materials.

ACS Style

Beata Białobrzeska; Łukasz Konat; Robert Jasiński. Fractographic Analysis of Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 Steels in Impact Testing. Scanning 2018, 2018, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Beata Białobrzeska, Łukasz Konat, Robert Jasiński. Fractographic Analysis of Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 Steels in Impact Testing. Scanning. 2018; 2018 ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beata Białobrzeska; Łukasz Konat; Robert Jasiński. 2018. "Fractographic Analysis of Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 Steels in Impact Testing." Scanning 2018, no. : 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2017 in Metals
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In the article, the structure and selected mechanical properties of welded Hardox 600 steel are presented. It is shown that, after welding of this material in as-delivered condition (i.e., with post-martensitic structure), structures of lower wear resistance are created within heat-affected zones. These zones are over 80 mm wide, which makes them susceptible to uneven and fast wear in their intended applications. On the grounds of microscopic tests and hardness measurements, a thermal treatment of welded joints is suggested, consisting of quenching and low-temperature tempering of heat-affected zones. As a result of this treatment, the material structure in these areas becomes similar to the base material structure. Under laboratory conditions, the performed heat treatment does not cause any incompatibilities (cracks) in the welds.

ACS Style

Łukasz Konat; Beata Białobrzeska; Paweł Białek. Effect of Welding Process on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Hardox 600 Steel. Metals 2017, 7, 349 .

AMA Style

Łukasz Konat, Beata Białobrzeska, Paweł Białek. Effect of Welding Process on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Hardox 600 Steel. Metals. 2017; 7 (9):349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Łukasz Konat; Beata Białobrzeska; Paweł Białek. 2017. "Effect of Welding Process on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Hardox 600 Steel." Metals 7, no. 9: 349.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2017 in Tribologia
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In the paper, microstructures and the examination results of abrasive-wear resistance of steel grades Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 are presented. It was found on the grounds of light and electron scanning microscopy that these steels are characterised by subtle differences in microstructures, influencing their mechanical and usable properties. In as-delivered condition, the steels have fine-grained structure with post-martensitic orientation, containing few particles of carbide phases. Such microstructures of Brinar steels and the performed chemical analyses indicate that their properties are formed during specialised operations of thermo-mechanical rolling. Generally, it can be said that the examined steels were designed according to the accepted standards of material engineering, related to low-alloy, high-strength, and abrasive-wear resistant martensitic steels. According to the above, the obtained results of structural examinations of Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 steels were referred to real abrasive-wear indices obtained by the spinning bowl method with use of various abrasive soil masses. The tests carried-out in light soil (loamy sand), medium soil (sandy loam), and in heavy soil (loam), as well as hardness measurements showed strict dependence of abrasive-wear indices on microstructures and the heattreatment condition of the examined steels. Examination results of abrasive-wear resistance of Brinar steels were compared with those of steel 38GSA in normalised conditions.

ACS Style

Łukasz Konat; Jerzy Napiórkowski; Beata Białobrzeska. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND ABRASIVE- WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR 400 AND BRINAR 500 STEELS. Tribologia 2017, 273, 67 -75.

AMA Style

Łukasz Konat, Jerzy Napiórkowski, Beata Białobrzeska. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND ABRASIVE- WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR 400 AND BRINAR 500 STEELS. Tribologia. 2017; 273 (3):67-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Łukasz Konat; Jerzy Napiórkowski; Beata Białobrzeska. 2017. "STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND ABRASIVE- WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR 400 AND BRINAR 500 STEELS." Tribologia 273, no. 3: 67-75.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2017 in Metals
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This study forms part of the current research on modern steel groups with higher resistance to abrasive wear. In order to reduce the intensity of wear processes, and also to minimize their impact, the immediate priority seems to be a search for a correlation between the chemical composition and structure of these materials and their properties. In this paper, the correlation between prior austenite grain size, martensite packets and the mechanical properties were researched. The growth of austenite grains is an important factor in the analysis of the microstructure, as the grain size has an effect on the kinetics of phase transformation. The microstructure, however, is closely related to the mechanical properties of the material such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and impact strength, as well as morphology of occurred fracture. During the study, the mechanical properties were tested and a tendency to brittle fracture was analysed. The studies show big differences of the analysed parameters depending on the applied heat treatment, which should provide guidance to users to specific applications of this type of steel.

ACS Style

Beata Białobrzeska; Łukasz Konat; Robert Jasiński. The Influence of Austenite Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy Steel with Boron. Metals 2017, 7, 26 .

AMA Style

Beata Białobrzeska, Łukasz Konat, Robert Jasiński. The Influence of Austenite Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy Steel with Boron. Metals. 2017; 7 (1):26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beata Białobrzeska; Łukasz Konat; Robert Jasiński. 2017. "The Influence of Austenite Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy Steel with Boron." Metals 7, no. 1: 26.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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This study forms part of the current research on modern steel groups with higher resistance to abrasive wear. In order to reduce the intensity of wear processes, and also to minimize their impact, the immediate priority seems to be a search for a correlation between the chemical composition and structure of these materials and their properties. In this paper, the correlation between prior austenite grain size and wear resistance to abrasion were researched. The growth of austenite grains is an important factor in the analysis of the microstructure, as the grain size has an effect on the kinetics of phase transformation. The wear behavior has been investigated using GOST (Russian) standard T-07 wear test equipment in which the steel samples were worn by coarse alumina particles (grit size #90). The wear of the steels was evaluated by weight loss and their wear mechanisms were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The abrasive wear mechanisms for analyzed low-alloy steels with boron additions were micro-cutting, micro-chips removal and micro-plowing. After the test it was stated that with an increase in austenite grain size, the intensity of wear increases, and the resistance to abrasive wear reduces, both in a linear manner.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Pawlak; Beata Białobrzeska; Łukasz Konat. The influence of austenitizing temperature on prior austenite grain size and resistance to abrasion wear of selected low-alloy boron steel. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 2016, 16, 913 -926.

AMA Style

Katarzyna Pawlak, Beata Białobrzeska, Łukasz Konat. The influence of austenitizing temperature on prior austenite grain size and resistance to abrasion wear of selected low-alloy boron steel. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. 2016; 16 (4):913-926.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Pawlak; Beata Białobrzeska; Łukasz Konat. 2016. "The influence of austenitizing temperature on prior austenite grain size and resistance to abrasion wear of selected low-alloy boron steel." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 4: 913-926.