The differences in the IC₅₀(g GAE) between DPPH and ABTS assays of date cultivars.

A field trial study was conducted for two consecutive seasons 2020 and 2021 in approximately 8-month-old jojoba plants to evaluate the physiological responses following salt treatment and the role of proline as a foliar application to enhance jojoba tolerance to salinity stress. Jojoba plants were irrigated once a week for four months with diluted seawater in concentrations of 5000, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm and tap water (control). Anti-stress proline was applied four times throughout the experiment, the first at the beginning of the experiment and another three times at 30-day intervals, at concentrations of 0, 300, and 450 ppm. The effect of proline treatments on jojoba plant behavior includes growth vegetative characteristics, namely plant height increase percentage (PHIP), shoot number increase percentage (NSIP), stem diameter increase percentage (SDIP), number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of leaves, and chemical characteristics, namely chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, leaf mineral contents (N, P, K, Na, and Cl), total phenolic content (TPC), and proline concentration. Moreover, the impacts of proline on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anion (O₂^•−), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ion leakage (IL) under salinity stress were investigated. Briefly, proline at 450 ppm enhanced all studied growth and physiological characteristics and promoted the antioxidant system of jojoba plants compared with the control and other treatments. The anatomical structure of leaves was also examined, and favorable variations in the anatomical structure were detected in the stressed and proline-treated plants. Exogenous application of proline enhanced most of this anatomical characteristic of jojoba leaf under saline stress. In conclusion, proline as a foliar application at 450 ppm under salinity stress of 10,000 ppm enhances jojoba tolerance to salinity stress by modifying the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of jojoba plants.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate resistance behavior of six local Mit-Ghamr peach (Prunus persica L.) genotypes (SL = Sultani late, SM= Sultani medium, SE =Sultani early maturity, N= Neely, F = Fark and MA =Mawy) to root-knot nematode (M. incognita) infection, during two successive seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19). The evaluation was carried out by conducting several nematode assays on the root system of the tested peach seedlings, the most important of which was the total damage index (TDI), as well as vegetative and biochemical characteristics (phenols and proline contents in the leaves and roots of seedlings). Nematode and biochemical measurements were dominant in judging the resistance behavior of the tested genotypes, although the vegetative results (seedling length, leaf area increment and root system growth coefficient) showed differences between the tested genotypes. Three genotypes SL, SM and F recorded the highest number of galls, egg masses and second-stage juveniles on the roots of infected seedlings, while MA genotype recorded the lowest values in this regard. The MA genotype was rated as highly resistant (HR) to M. incognita. Also, SE and N genotypes were resistant (R), and all of them recorded TDI significantly lower than SL, SM and F genotypes, which obtained a medium, Susceptible or highly susceptible rank (HS, S or MS) to the nematode, respectively. The proline and phenolic contents of the seedling leaves and roots of resistant genotypes SE, N and MA were much higher than the corresponding values in the other non-resistant genotypes' SL and SM. A significant negative correlation was also observed between the proline content of leaves and roots and TDI.