This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming model for the hourly energy and secondary regulation reserve scheduling of a price-taker and closed-loop variable speed pumped-storage hydropower plant, considering the energy losses due to the use of electronic frequency converters. The plant participates in the day-ahead energy market and in the secondary regulation service of the Iberian electric power system. The model is utilised to compare the income of the plant with and without considering the variable speed technology, with synchronous or asynchronous machines, with and without bypassing the frequency converter in generating mode, and with and without perfect information of the electric power system data. Numerical testing results demonstrate that the operation with the variable speed technology could help notably to enlarge the income of the power plant and that the secondary regulation reserve market might be the main source of revenue for the power plant.

This paper presents a mixed-integer model for the hourly energy and reserve scheduling of a price-taker and closed-loop pumped-storage hydropower plant operating in hydraulic short-circuit mode. The plant participates in the spot market and in the secondary regulation reserve market, taking into account the regulation energy due to the real-time use of the regulation-up and -down reserves. The proposed model is used to compare the maximum theoretical income of the plant with and without considering hydraulic short-circuit operation. Numerical results demonstrate that the operation in hydraulic short-circuit mode could help significantly to enlarge the income of the power plant and that the secondary regulation reserve market might be the main source of revenue in a realistic setting characterized by a high level of renewable energy sources in the generation mix.