Vaccination against Human Papilloma Virus continues to remain a highly complex public health issue, as there are many countries or regions that show increasing reluctance. Romania is among the countries that do not provide HPV vaccine in the national vaccination scheme, but offers the opportunity to young girls between 11 and 18 years of age to benefit from free vaccination. It is the responsibility of health professionals in all health sectors to inform themselves correctly, but also to instruct patients in a prophylactic approach against infection with both HPV and other types of microorganisms. Accurate information and a thorough knowledge of the prophylactic means are achieved from the years of study. Our study focuses on the following aspects: the degree of vaccination among dental students, the willingness of students to get vaccinated if they have not done it so far, the degree of information about Human Papilloma Virus infection, including ways of transmission and methods of diagnosing the infection, the perception of students on how this topic has been promoted, the sources of information they access in order to obtain information about Human Papilloma Virus.

Therapeutic Tales and Psychotrauma in the State of Mourning to Children

As a science, facial and dental aesthetics is highly complex, the dentist being compelled to effectively exploit his abilities of reconstructing affected tissues, but also cultivate his aesthetic sense. Nowadays, dentists frequently face the patients high expectations, regarding dental structure and facial reconstruction. Most young patients tend to choose their model from the media, while patients over the age of 50 desire to have teeth like those of youth. It should also be noted that there is no concept of „cosmetic dentistry” as the teeth can only be adjusted in corellation to the face and body appearance. Thus, between physiognomy and the general appearance of the body and of the teeth a state of interdependence is in existence. One of the major errors that leads to endangering the quality of dental treatment and to patient dissatisfaction is the way in which the doctor-patient relationship is managed. If a person opts for an aesthetic treatment it is clear that it is facing a low self-esteem, in this case the dentist needing to address the disorder on two coordinates: an objective interpretation involves the sequencing of reconstructing a morphological and functional dentition and and establishing the issues related to patients notion of „beautiful”. At the same time, aesthetic dental treatment is based on the personality of the individual, the age, sex and patient's systemic diseases. The notion of „divine proportion” makes possible to perform „perfect” dental works that integrate the facial and somatic features, whose basic characteristics are symmetry, balance, continuity.

Background: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe adverse event associated with antiresorptive therapy, particularly bisphosphonates, and represents a significant challenge in oral and maxillofacial practice. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile, clinical presentation, and anatomical distribution of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and to investigate potential associations between demographic variables and major underlying systemic diseases. Methods: A retrospective single-center observational study was performed using medical records collected between January 2020 and December 2025 at the Emergency County Clinical Hospital of Craiova. After data validation and removal of duplicate records, 121 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the jaw were identified. Among them, 94 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for BRONJ and were included in both the statistical and clinical analyses. Demographic characteristics, systemic diseases, bisphosphonate therapy, lesion localization, clinical manifestations, and statistical associations were evaluated using appropriate non-parametric and categorical statistical methods. Results: The final analytical sample comprised 94 patients with BRONJ associated with bisphosphonate therapy. Of these, 75 (79.8%) had received bisphosphonates for malignant disease and 19 (20.2%) for osteoporosis. The mandible was affected in 77% of patients, predominantly in the posterior premolar–molar region, whereas maxillary lesions mainly involved the posterior maxilla and maxillary tuberosity. Exposed necrotic bone was identified in all patients, while purulent discharge and oral fistulas were recorded in 37% and 35% of cases, respectively. Associations involving sex, age, residence, diabetes, hypertension, and other comorbidities were re-evaluated using the final 94-patient cohort. Conclusions: Among the BRONJ cases identified at this referral center, most patients had received bisphosphonate therapy for malignant disease, and lesions showed a marked predilection for the mandible, particularly its posterior region. These findings describe the clinical profile of the cases managed at our institution but do not permit estimation of BRONJ incidence or comparative risk between treatment regimens. The results support careful dental assessment before bisphosphonate therapy and multidisciplinary follow-up of patients receiving antiresorptive treatment.

The papillomatous lesion has a number of implications that destabilize the normal functioning of the stomatognathic system, but also it has psychological implications. A patient with a papilloma located in an area of maximum visibility tends to be less exposed in public, to reduce socialization, to feel embarrassed. Oral papilloma affects the masticatory function, phonation, but also aesthetics. Understanding how local immunity works in patients diagnosed with oral papilloma is essential. Local immunity influences the evolution of the papillomatous oral lesion. Toll-like receptors are extremely important in the immune process of oral papilloma. Toll-like receptors can be used as indicators of lesion progression. A reduced expression of these receptors in the focus of the lesion is suggestive of pathological progress. It is also emphasized that in the oral cavity we find a well-represented local immune system which cells have an immune role and whose expression influences the evolution of the disease. The most incriminating factor in the occurrence of oral papilloma is HPV infection. The persistent inflammatory process produced by the HPV virus stimulates the development of oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal neoplasms. The HPV virus acts as a direct inducer in the process of transforming the benign lesion into a malignant lesion. Macrophages play an important role in the malignancy potential induced by the HPV virus. Macrophages are activated by increasing the metabolic rate and fighting tumor cells.