Occupational safety and health (OSH) should be regarded as a crucial challenge that affects the public world widely. Work-related accidents and occupational illness contribute to considerable mortality and morbidity. As technology advances, mixed reality (MR) has gained popularity. To minimize occupational accidents occurring in the workplace and reduce human training time, an MR-based platform for OSH training combined with CPS and IoT technology is proposed in this paper. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) were applied to evaluate and select suitable gloves. Only when the MR wearable devices are improved can a more powerful MR-based OSH training program be established. A higher immersive level of OSH training offers people a more realistic experience. They will better understand possible risks in workers’ future work, resulting in a lower occupational accident rate in the workplace.

Purpose: In this study, group differences between full-service carriers (FSC) and low-cost carriers (LCC) in loyalty constructs are investigated, revealing the relationship between service quality and loyalty. This work focuses on five dimensions, including tangibility, empathy, assurance, responsiveness, and reliability, constitute service quality. Design/methodology/approach: 248 questionnaires were collected in the first half of 2019. The antecedents of customer loyalty are explored, and the group differences between FSC and LCC are analyzed. For assessing the path model with the consideration of group variance, the Partial Least Squares Multiple Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) was adopted to analyze the differences of the estimated inter-group coefficient.Findings: Our findings suggest that service assurance, service empathy, and service reliability positively impact the value perceived. The impact of service empathy on customer satisfaction in FSC is significantly diverse from LCC. Several suggestions are provided to FSC and LCC on improving their services in view of passengers’ wants and interests.Originality/value: With the data collected at the HKIA, this study examined the relationships among service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty and divided service quality into five dimensions. The findings show that assurance, empathy, and reliability of service quality positively affect the value perceived, and the effects of responsiveness and tangibility of service quality on perceived value are insignificant. Among the five aspects of service quality, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, and tangibility of the service quality are the pre-conditions of customer satisfaction. However, only the reliability of service is the antecedent of customer loyalty. Besides, the value perceived positively affects customers to be satisfactory and loyal. Furthermore, satisfaction degree also significantly influences the degree of customers’ loyalty. As to the role of airline types, the sole effect is on customers' satisfaction is service empathy, with a significant difference between FSC and LCC.

The paper introduces an innovative approach called Zernike-based CMM Surface Metrology (ZCSM) to enhance the accuracy of measuring large optical surfaces using coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). Traditional methods like laser interferometry and deflectometry, while precise, face limitations such as restricted dynamic range and sensitivity to specific surface properties. CMMs offer a promising alternative but are susceptible to systematic errors, particularly due to probe deflection when scanning, which can introduce geometric errors not present on the test surface. ZCSM addresses this challenge by fitting the surface form using Zernike polynomials, decomposing form errors into wavefront aberrations. A notable feature of the ZCSM method is the dual-parameter error compensation, which iteratively removes errors by correcting wavefront aberrations and verifying surface profiles until within the tolerance range. The feasibility of ZCSM was validated by measuring an astronomical mirror using a ZEISS XENOS CMM. The results showed that ZCSM’s accuracy is comparable to interferometry, underscoring its potential as a viable alternative for precision metrology. The research indicates that ZCSM significantly improves the measurement accuracy of CMMs for large optical surfaces. Future research could focus on refining the method to eliminate higher-order residual aberrations and angular offsets, further enhancing its precision and applicability.

Urban commercial districts, with their unique characteristics, serve as a reflection of broader urban development patterns. However, only a handful of studies have harnessed point-of-interest (POI) data to model the intricate relationship between retail commercial space types and other factors. This paper endeavors to bridge this gap, focusing on the influence of urban development factors on retail commerce districts through the lens of POI data. Our exploration underscores how commercial zones impact the density of residential neighborhoods and the coherence of pedestrian pathways. To facilitate our investigation, we propose an ensemble clustering technique for identifying and outlining urban commercial areas, including Kernel Density Analysis (KDE), Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Our research uses the city of Manchester as a case study, unearthing the relationship between commercial retail catchment areas and a range of factors (retail commercial space types, land use function, walking coverage). These include land use function, walking coverage, and green park within the specified areas. As we explore the multiple impacts of different urban development factors on retail commerce models, we hope this study acts as a springboard for further exploration of the untapped potential of POI data in urban business development and planning.

Precise measurement of large mirrors is essential for high-performance space-based optics. Traditionally, laser interferometry provides high accuracy but faces challenges related to the requirements of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) and the transformation of standard wavefronts to match complex test surfaces. This paper presents a proof-of-concept contact-based surface metrology method for large mirrors. To reduce drift errors caused by stylus instability or contact loss, a wavefront-based calibration method was developed to suppress measurement artifacts while preserving intrinsic surface errors. The method was tested on a concave aspherical mirror using a tactile coordinate measuring machine (CMM), and its accuracy was evaluated by comparing deviations between calibrated CMM error maps and laser-based measurements. Experimental results demonstrated that the XENO CMM achieved a global metric accuracy comparable to interferometric systems for relevant geometric parameters. These findings suggest that ultra-precision CMMs combined with focus point calibration can provide practical preliminary surface verification and serve as a flexible alternative to laser interferometry when global geometric accuracy is the primary concern. Future work will enhance robustness by addressing higher-order aberrations.