Background: Huntington’s disease is an inherited autosomal dominant trait neuro-degenerative disorder caused by changes (mutations) of a gene called huntingtin (htt) that is located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 4, CAG expansion mutation. It is characterized by unusual movements, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Objective: This review was undertaken to apprehend biological pathways of Huntington’s disease (HD) pathogenesis and its management by nature-derived products. Natural products can be lucrative for the management of HD as it shows protection against HD in pre-clinical trials. Advanced research is still required to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of the known organic products and their isolated compounds in HD experimental models. Summary: Degeneration of neurons in Huntington’s disease is distinguished by progressive loss of motor coordination and muscle function. This is due to the expansion of CAG trinucleotide in the first exon of the htt gene responsible for neuronal death and neuronal network degeneration in the brain. It is believed that the factors such as molecular genetics, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroglia dysfunction, protein aggregation, and altered UPS leads to HD. The defensive effect of the natural product provides therapeutic efficacy against HD. Recent reports on natural drugs have enlightened the protective role against HD via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neurofunctional regulation.

The graphical abstract shows a thermoresponsive nanoemulgel of azilsartan medoxomil for intranasal delivery, enabling sol-to-gel transition, sustained brain targeting, and improved efficacy in dementia, validated through in vivo experimental models.

Diagnosis and intervention at the earliest stages of cancer are imperative for maximizing patient recovery outcomes and substantially increasing survival rates and quality of life. Recently, to facilitate cancer diagnosis, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have shown potential with unique characteristics as cancer biomarkers. Various insects with sophisticated sensitivities of odor can be quickly and readily trained to recognize such VOCs using olfactory-linked skills. Furthermore, the approach to analyzing VOCs can be made using electronic noses, commonly referred to as e-noses. Using analytical instruments like GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, etc., chemical blends are separated into their constituent parts. The significance of odorant receptors in triggering neural responses to ambient compounds has received great attention in the last twenty years, particularly in the investigation of insect olfaction. Sensilla, a sophisticated olfactory neural framework, is regulated by a neuronal receptor composed of neuronal, non-neuronal, extracellular lymphatic fluid with an effectively generated shell. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the structural, functional, and signaling mechanisms underlying odorant sensitivities and chemical odor detection in the excretory products of cancer patients, addressing current challenges in VOC-based cancer diagnostics and innovative strategies for advancement while also envisioning the transformative role of artificial olfactory systems in the future of cancer detection. Furthermore, the article emphasizes recent preclinical and clinical advancements in VOC applications, highlighting their potential to redefine early diagnostic approaches in oncology.

Wounds are caused by skin injuries that damage the soft tissue. Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of interconnected cellular and molecular processes that result in the restoration of anatomic continuity and function. Herbal therapy has been gaining popularity recently because of plants' usefulness in treating ailments with hardly any negative effects. Over the years, a variety of plant items have been developed and utilized to heal wounds. Throughvarious mechanisms, herbal extracts aid in blood clotting, infection prevention, and wound healing. This review provides a comprehensive look at herbal therapy's potential for hastening wound healing, as well as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties that can be manifest in the treatment of injuries, as well as a first attempt at developing new wound-healing formulations with high potency for human use. Furthermore, we have highlighted medicinal plants as natural antioxidant resources in wound repair and healing.