Background: Huntington’s disease is an inherited autosomal dominant trait neuro-degenerative disorder caused by changes (mutations) of a gene called huntingtin (htt) that is located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 4, CAG expansion mutation. It is characterized by unusual movements, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Objective: This review was undertaken to apprehend biological pathways of Huntington’s disease (HD) pathogenesis and its management by nature-derived products. Natural products can be lucrative for the management of HD as it shows protection against HD in pre-clinical trials. Advanced research is still required to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of the known organic products and their isolated compounds in HD experimental models. Summary: Degeneration of neurons in Huntington’s disease is distinguished by progressive loss of motor coordination and muscle function. This is due to the expansion of CAG trinucleotide in the first exon of the htt gene responsible for neuronal death and neuronal network degeneration in the brain. It is believed that the factors such as molecular genetics, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroglia dysfunction, protein aggregation, and altered UPS leads to HD. The defensive effect of the natural product provides therapeutic efficacy against HD. Recent reports on natural drugs have enlightened the protective role against HD via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neurofunctional regulation.

The combination of nanoemulgel and phytochemistry has resulted in several recent discoveries in the field of topical delivery systems. The present study aimed to prepare nanoemulgel based on turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) against microbial infection as topical drug delivery. Olive oil (oil phase), Tween 80 (surfactant), and PEG600 (co-surfactant) were used for the preparation of nanoemulsion. Carbopol 934 was used as a gelling agent to convert the nanoemulsion to nanoemulgel and promote the control of the release of biological properties of turmeric and neem. The nanoemulsion was characterized based on particle size distribution, PDI values, and compatibility using FTIR analysis. In contrast, the nanoemulgel was evaluated based on pH, viscosity, spreadability, plant extract and excipient compatibility or physical state, in vitro study, ex vivo mucoadhesive study, antimicrobial properties, and stability. The resulting nanoemulsion was homogeneous and stable during the centrifugation process, with the smallest droplets and low PDI values. FTIR analysis also confirmed good compatibility and absence of phase separation between the oil substance, surfactant, and co-surfactant with both plant extracts. The improved nanoemulgel also demonstrated a smooth texture, good consistency, good pH, desired viscosity, ex vivo mucoadhesive strength with the highest spreadability, and 18 h in vitro drug release. Additionally, it exhibited better antimicrobial properties against different microbial strains. Stability studies also revealed that the product had good rheological properties and physicochemical state for a period of over 3 months. The present study affirmed that turmeric- and neem-based nanoemulgel is a promising alternative for microbial infection particularly associated with microorganisms via topical application.

Insulin resistance or insufficiency causes hyperglycemia, which is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease. Due to their poor long-term efficacy and frequent side effects, conventional antidiabetic medications have sparked interest in alternative therapy. Many bioactive substances, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, have antidiabetic properties by protecting pancreatic β-cells, reducing oxidative stress, blocking enzymes responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates, and improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes models, herbs such as Bauhinia variegate, Caesalpinia sappan, Prunus persica, and Syzygium cumini have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. Additionally, by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, natural antioxidants can reduce the problems associated with diabetes. Even though clinical data is increasing, more research is necessary to guarantee therapeutic efficacy, safety, and uniformity. A comprehensive approach to diabetes treatment may be provided by combining herbal medicine with tailored lifestyle changes. This review investigates how natural herbs and phytochemicals produced from plants can help mitigate diabetes and its complications.

Many of the medications marketed as traditional herbal medicines have unquestionably been used for a very long time. Hands have always been the dominant source of transmission of infection to patients. Thus, encouraging "personal hygiene" is the main objective of developing a herbal hand wash. The current study's goal was to develop a formulation of polyherbal handwash employing methanolic extracts of dried leaves of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Coriandrum sativum. Other ingredients entailed lemon juice, aloe vera, lavender oil, HPMC, triethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), glycerine, and methylparaben. Four batches of hand wash formulations were prepared, and each batch was tested for stability, appearance, colour, grittiness, pH, viscosity, foam height, and other physical characteristics. Using the agar well diffusion method, the anti-microbial effectiveness of the prepared polyherbal hand wash was tested on a variety of bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. The results demonstrated that manufactured herbal handwash formulations, particularly F3, displayed a prominent zone of inhibition in comparison to standard commercial handwash, indicating that the extract of these phytoconstituents may be employed to manufacture handwash with antimicrobial properties. As a result, the research shows that the herbal handwash formulation is analogous to commercial handwash in reducing the amount of bacteria on hands and may be used as a replacement handwash made from natural sources without experiencing any undesirable effects.