Background: Huntington’s disease is an inherited autosomal dominant trait neuro-degenerative disorder caused by changes (mutations) of a gene called huntingtin (htt) that is located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 4, CAG expansion mutation. It is characterized by unusual movements, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Objective: This review was undertaken to apprehend biological pathways of Huntington’s disease (HD) pathogenesis and its management by nature-derived products. Natural products can be lucrative for the management of HD as it shows protection against HD in pre-clinical trials. Advanced research is still required to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of the known organic products and their isolated compounds in HD experimental models. Summary: Degeneration of neurons in Huntington’s disease is distinguished by progressive loss of motor coordination and muscle function. This is due to the expansion of CAG trinucleotide in the first exon of the htt gene responsible for neuronal death and neuronal network degeneration in the brain. It is believed that the factors such as molecular genetics, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroglia dysfunction, protein aggregation, and altered UPS leads to HD. The defensive effect of the natural product provides therapeutic efficacy against HD. Recent reports on natural drugs have enlightened the protective role against HD via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neurofunctional regulation.

Ethosomes are elastic nanovesicles with phospholipid bases that are noninvasive delivery vehicles and have a high ethanol concentration (20–45%). As transdermal drug delivery confers poor penetration, the major obstacle is the low diffusion rate of drugs across the stratum corneum. The sophisticated ethosomal delivery systems enable drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation. The development of these new carriers involves the employment of several preparatory processes. Ethosomal dispersions are added to gels, patches, and creams for ease of use and stability. Ethanol is known as an efficient permeation enhancer and has been added in the vesicular systems to prepare elastic nanovesicles. It has the potential to interact with the polar head group region of lipid molecules, lowering the melting point of the stratum corneum lipid and raising lipid fluidity and cell membrane permeability as a result. Ethosomes' special structure allows them to enclose and transmit through the skin highly lipophilic substances like propranolol and trihexyphenidil as well as cationic medicines like testosterone and minoxidil. This article provides a detailed review of the ethosomal structure, mechanism of penetration along with various methods of preparation. Also, the article focuses on the applications of ethosomal carriers and opportunities for the research and future development of novel improved therapies.

Due to the lack of conventional therapies and the severe side effects of chemotherapy, cancer is a major public health concern across the world. After cardiac disorder, it is the second leading cause of death globally. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been utilized to cure a variety of diseases. Natural products play an essential role in the battle against cancer and serve as a useful access source for the development and testing of novel therapeutic agents. The discovery and development of anticancer drugs can be aided by medicinal plants which contain various bioactive secondary phytochemicals viz. Alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites. The therapeutic plants and their bioactive constituents exerted anticancer effects by induction of apoptosis, removing free radicals and antioxidant effects, inhibition of angiogenesis, and cell cycle arrest. This review explains an overview of potential therapeutic plants, including a brief description of their pharmacological effect and mechanism of action.

Herbs and spices are rich sources of potent antioxidants. For over 2000 years, herbs and spices are used in every kind of treatment in TIM (Traditional Indian Medicine) and TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine), as flavoring, coloring, and fragrance agents. Herbs and spices have various kinds of bioactive constituents which are potential and promising sources of antioxidants. The herb’s and spice’s history is as old and long as the history of mankind. The antioxidants in herbs and spices are very much effective because they have excellent antioxidant activity. In recent times it is an increase in the interest for the recognition, identification of antioxidants compounds that are well-potentiate and have nominal or very much fewer side effects. This interest in growing and it is under various projects at a global level. This study provides some details on the most popular and most widely used herbs and spices and explains their antioxidant properties. Therefore, using herbs and spices is a safer option than using synthetic antioxidants, which have become prevalent and broadly acceptable by consumers.