Background: Pediatric self-medication is based on the subjective interpretation of symptoms in children by the mother or an adult, the decision to self-medicate is made by a third party. The objective of this work is to provide information on the factors and practices associated with the self-medication of children among parents in Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between June 2020 and December 2021 on Mexican parents with children under 12 years of age. Online questionnaires were completed with sections on sociodemographic characteristics, use of medicines or medicinal plants and their treated symptoms, sources of collection, and their recommendation. Results: A total of 9905 online surveys were completed with representation from the 32 states of Mexico, and the prevalence of self-medication was 49.6% (n = 4908). Associated factors were age, having two or more children, children with chronic illnesses, medium educational level, unemployment or employment unrelated to health, medium and high socioeconomic level, and lack of medical security. Respondents self-medicated their children on the recommendation of a family member or friend (55.8%), and own initiative (28%). The most used medication was VapoRub (61.3%), followed by paracetamol (56.9%) and chamomile (33.1%), and the most prevalent symptoms were flu/flow (47.7%) followed by cough (34.2%). The main reasons were perceiving symptoms as not serious (69.9%) and reusing medications (51.9%). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of self-medication in children in Mexico, mainly associated with children with chronic diseases and families with three or more children.

Organic vanilla production in Mexico holds significant promise but faces substantial challenges that impact its sustainability and market competitiveness. As the native region of Vanilla planifolia, Mexico is endowed with rich biodiversity and a deep cultural heritage surrounding vanilla cultivation. Organic production systems in the country predominantly rely on traditional agroforestry practices, manual pollination, and artisanal curing methods, all of which enhance the quality and distinctiveness of Mexican vanilla. However, production is hindered by critical factors, including low genetic diversity and susceptibility to phytopathogenic diseases, particularly stem and root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. In recent years, the application of in vitro micropropagation techniques has shown great potential for obtaining pathogen-free plants and conserving germplasm, offering a sustainable alternative to strengthen organic systems and reduce pressure on wild populations. The labor-intensive processes, yield variability, and the complexity of adhering to organic certification standards are additional challenges to overcome. Shifts in consumer preferences toward natural and sustainably produced goods have increased demand for organic vanilla, offering Mexican producers an opportunity to gain a more prominent position in the global market. Advancing research into disease management, fostering genetic conservation, and integrating scientific advances with traditional know-how are vital strategies for overcoming current limitations. In this context, organic vanilla production represents not only an economic opportunity but also a means to conserve biodiversity, support rural communities, and maintain the legacy of one of Mexico’s most emblematic agricultural products. This review was conducted using a qualitative, narrative analysis of recent scientific literature, technical reports, and case studies related to organic vanilla production in Mexico.

Hairdressing salons offer a wide range of services including treatments for hair and skin. However, these\ud \ud activities result in the production of residues that are improperly discharged into drainage, generating\ud \ud a negative impact on the environment. This study provides results of a first stage in a project regarding\ud \ud the analysis of waste disposal in hairdressing salons in the municipality of Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosi,\ud \ud Mexico. Information gathering was conducted through a field work study by surveys given to workers in\ud \ud hairdressing salons in Ciudad Valles. The information presented in this study indicates that in hairdressing\ud \ud salons in Ciudad Valles there is no management plan for the management of waste that could be severely\ud \ud impacting the environment. The information presented here will be the basis for identifying priority\ud \ud areas for intervention, developing new research projects and setting new environmental policies. In\ud \ud addition, the results presented here can be extrapolated to many rural and urban areas all over Mexico