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Dr. Md. Safiuddin
Angelo DelZotto School of Construction Management, George Brown College (Casa Loma Campus), 160 Kendal Ave., Room C303, Toronto, ON M5R 1M3, Canada

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Sustainable Infrastructure
0 green buildings
0 Sustainable construction materials and technology
0 Utilization of agro, construction, and industrial wastes to produce new construction materials
0 Incorporation of recycled materials in new construction materials

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Short Biography

Dr. Safiuddin specializes in construction materials. He has developed several new construction materials, such as high-performance concrete incorporating quarry dust, carbon-fiber-reinforced composites, and self-consolidating concrete with agricultural and industrial waste. In recent years, Dr. Safiuddin has been involved in developing advanced construction materials, such as fiber-reinforced self-consolidating concrete, nanomaterial-incorporated concrete, and green asphaltic concrete. His current research interests include innovative and sustainable construction materials such as ultra-high-strength concrete and carbon-nanofiber-reinforced composites.

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Journal article
Published: 20 August 2021 in Materials
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This paper discusses the performance of the short pitch-based carbon fiber reinforced mortar (CFRM) composite considering its key properties and cost-effectiveness. Five different types of mortar composite were produced using 0–4% volume contents of short pitch-based carbon fibers. The mortar composites were tested for inverted slump cone flow (flow time and volume flow), unit weight, air content, compressive strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and water absorption. The cost-effectiveness of CFRM was assessed based on the performance to cost ratio (PCR), which was calculated for each mortar composite, considering its workability, mechanical properties, and durability. The inverted slump cone volume flow was counted as a measure of workability, whereas the compressive strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance were considered as the major attributes of the mechanical behavior. In addition, the water absorption was used as a measure of durability. The test results revealed that the mortar composite made with 3% carbon fibers provided adequate workability, a relatively high unit weight and low air content, the highest compressive strength, excellent flexural strength, good impact resistance, and the lowest water absorption. It was also found that the PCR increased up to 3% carbon fibers. Beyond a 3% fiber content, the PCR significantly decreased. The overall research findings revealed that the mortar with 3% carbon fibers was the optimum and most cost-effective mortar composite.

ACS Style

Safiuddin; George Abdel-Sayed; Nataliya Hearn. Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Short Pitch-Based Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite. Materials 2021, 14, 4693 .

AMA Style

Safiuddin, George Abdel-Sayed, Nataliya Hearn. Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Short Pitch-Based Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; George Abdel-Sayed; Nataliya Hearn. 2021. "Performance and Cost-Effectiveness of Short Pitch-Based Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite." Materials 14, no. 16: 4693.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Buildings
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This paper presents the water absorption and strength properties of short carbon fiber reinforced mortar (CFRM) composite. Four CFRM composites with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% short pitch-based carbon fibers were produced in this study. Normal Portland cement mortar (NCPM) was also prepared for use as the control mortar. The freshly mixed mortar composites were tested for workability, wet density, and entrapped air content. In addition, the hardened mortar composites were examined for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and water absorption at the ages of 7 and 28 days. The effects of different carbon fiber contents on the tested properties were observed. Test results showed that the incorporation of carbon fibers decreased the workability and wet density, but increased the entrapped air content in mortar composite. Most interestingly, the compressive strength of CFRM composite increased up to 3% carbon fiber content and then it declined significantly for 4% fiber content, depending on the workability and compaction of the mortar. In contrast, the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the CFRM composite increased for all fiber contents due to the greater cracking resistance and improved bond strength of the carbon fibers in the mortar. The presence of short pitch-based carbon fibers significantly strengthened the mortar by bridging the microcracks, resisting the propagation of these minute cracks, and impeding the growth of macrocracks. Furthermore, the water absorption of CFRM composite decreased up to 3% carbon fiber content and then it increased substantially for 4% fiber content, depending on the entrapped air content of the mortar. The overall test results suggest that the mortar with 3% carbon fibers is the optimum CFRM composite based on the tested properties.

ACS Style

Safiuddin; George Abdel-Sayed; Nataliya Hearn. Absorption and Strength Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite. Buildings 2021, 11, 300 .

AMA Style

Safiuddin, George Abdel-Sayed, Nataliya Hearn. Absorption and Strength Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite. Buildings. 2021; 11 (7):300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; George Abdel-Sayed; Nataliya Hearn. 2021. "Absorption and Strength Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite." Buildings 11, no. 7: 300.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Sustainability
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In this study, coconut shell aggregate (CSA) was used in brick aggregate concrete (BAC) to produce structural lightweight concrete. Various BACs containing CSA (CSBACs) were prepared based on the volumetric mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 (cement:fine aggregate:coarse aggregate). CSA was used substituting 0−15% of brick aggregate (BA) by weight. The concrete mixes were designed based on the weight-based water to cement (w/c) ratios of 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55. All the freshly mixed concretes were tested for their workability with respect to slump. In addition, the freshly mixed concretes made with the w/c ratio of 0.50 were examined for their wet density and air content. The hardened concretes were tested for their dry density, compressive strength, and microstructural characteristics (e.g., microcrack, micropore, fissure). The microstructure of CSBACs was investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the fissure width between the cement paste and CSA was measured from the SEM images using “ImageJ” software. The correlation between the compressive strength and fissure width of CSBAC was also examined. Test results showed that the air content of CSBACs including 5–15% CSA was higher than that of the control concrete (0% CSA). In addition, the density and compressive strength of concrete decreased with the increased CSA content. Above all, the most interesting finding of this study was the presence of fissures in the interfacial transition zone between the cement paste and CSA of CSBAC. The fissure width gradually increased with the increase in CSA content and thus decreased the compressive strength of concrete. However, the fissure width decreased with the increased curing age of concrete and therefore the compressive strength of CSBAC was enhanced at later ages. Moreover, a good correlation between the compressive strength and fissure width of CSBAC was observed in this study.

ACS Style

Hamidul Bari; Safiuddin; Abdus Salam. Microstructure of Structural Lightweight Concrete Incorporating Coconut Shell as a Partial Replacement of Brick Aggregate and Its Influence on Compressive Strength. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7157 .

AMA Style

Hamidul Bari, Safiuddin, Abdus Salam. Microstructure of Structural Lightweight Concrete Incorporating Coconut Shell as a Partial Replacement of Brick Aggregate and Its Influence on Compressive Strength. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamidul Bari; Safiuddin; Abdus Salam. 2021. "Microstructure of Structural Lightweight Concrete Incorporating Coconut Shell as a Partial Replacement of Brick Aggregate and Its Influence on Compressive Strength." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7157.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Environments
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This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

ACS Style

Lim Khiong; Safiuddin; Mohammad Mannan; Resdiansyah. Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires. Environments 2021, 8, 47 .

AMA Style

Lim Khiong, Safiuddin, Mohammad Mannan, Resdiansyah. Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires. Environments. 2021; 8 (6):47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lim Khiong; Safiuddin; Mohammad Mannan; Resdiansyah. 2021. "Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires." Environments 8, no. 6: 47.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Buildings
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Efforts have been put in place to minimize the effects of construction activities and occupancy, but the problem of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continues to have detrimental effects on the environment. As an effort to reduce GHG emissions, particularly carbon emissions, countable commercial, industrial, institutional, and residential net-zero energy (NZE) buildings were built around the globe during the past few years, and they are still operating. But there exist many challenges and barriers for the construction of NZE buildings. This study identifies the obstacles to developing NZE buildings, with a focus on single-family homes, in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The study sought to identify the technical, organizational, and social challenges of constructing NZE buildings, realize the importance of the public awareness in making NZE homes, and provide recommendations on how to raise public knowledge. A qualitative approach was employed to collect the primary data through survey and interviews. The secondary data obtained from the literature review were also used to realize the benefits, challenges, and current situation of NZE buildings. Research results indicate that the construction of NZE buildings is faced with a myriad of challenges, including technical issues, the lack of governmental and institutional supports, and the lack of standardized measures. The public awareness of NZE homes has been found to be very low, thus limiting the uptake and adoption of the new technologies used in this type of homes. The present study also recommends that the government and the academic institutions should strive to support the NZE building technology through curriculum changes, technological uptake, and financial incentives to buyers and developers. The implementation of these recommendations may enhance the success and popularity of NZE homes in the GTA.

ACS Style

Ghazal Makvandia; Safiuddin. Obstacles to Developing Net-Zero Energy (NZE) Homes in Greater Toronto Area. Buildings 2021, 11, 95 .

AMA Style

Ghazal Makvandia, Safiuddin. Obstacles to Developing Net-Zero Energy (NZE) Homes in Greater Toronto Area. Buildings. 2021; 11 (3):95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghazal Makvandia; Safiuddin. 2021. "Obstacles to Developing Net-Zero Energy (NZE) Homes in Greater Toronto Area." Buildings 11, no. 3: 95.

Review
Published: 09 May 2020 in Sustainability
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Rapid growth in industrial development has raised the concern of proper disposal of the by-products generated in industries. Many of them may cause serious pollution to the air, land, and water if dumped in open landfills. Agricultural and municipal wastes also cause environmental issues if not managed properly. Besides, minimizing the carbon footprint has become a priority in every industry to slow down global warming and climate change effects. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) obtained from agricultural, industrial, municipal, and natural sources can decrease a significant amount of fossil fuel burning by reducing cement production and contribute to proper waste management. Also, SCMs can enhance desirable material properties like flowability, strength, and durability. Such materials may play a big role to meet the need of modern time for resilient construction. The effective application of SCMs in cement-based materials requires a clear understanding of their physical and chemical characteristics. Researchers studied how the flowability, strength, and durability properties of structural mortar change with the replacement of cement with different SCMs. Various experiments were conducted to examine the behavior of structural mortar in extreme conditions (e.g., high temperature). Many scholars have attempted to improve its performance with various treatment techniques. This article is an attempt to bring all the major findings of the recent relevant studies together, identify research gaps in the current state of knowledge on the utilization of SCMs in structural mortar, and give several recommendations for further study. The available results from recent studies have been reviewed, analyzed, and summarized in this article. A collection of the updated experimental findings will encourage and ease the use of various by-products and wastes as SCMs in structural mortar for sustainable construction.

ACS Style

Shamir Sakir; Sudharshan N. Raman; Safiuddin; A. B. M. Amrul Kaish; Azrul A. Mutalib. Utilization of By-Products and Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Structural Mortar for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3888 .

AMA Style

Shamir Sakir, Sudharshan N. Raman, Safiuddin, A. B. M. Amrul Kaish, Azrul A. Mutalib. Utilization of By-Products and Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Structural Mortar for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3888.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shamir Sakir; Sudharshan N. Raman; Safiuddin; A. B. M. Amrul Kaish; Azrul A. Mutalib. 2020. "Utilization of By-Products and Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Structural Mortar for Sustainable Construction." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3888.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2019 in Buildings
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Existing assessment tools have not been successfully used to evaluate the performance of the remedial treatment of concrete flat roofs by building users or building management personnel because they are complicated and difficult to be applied by non-experts. In this study, a semi-quantitative method has been developed to assess the quality of remedial treatment on concrete flat roofs of multiple buildings. A 10-point scale weighting was calculated based on the results of ranking, and then the score assessment scheme was developed. Results revealed that the repairing principles included protection against ingress (W = 7.25), physical resistance against ingress (W = 5.23), concrete restoration (W = 8.22), structural strengthening (W = 8.22), moisture control (W = 6.59), and chemical resistance (W = 4.57). The grouped principles included physical resistance (W = 6.24), structural stability (W = 8.22), and chemical resistance (W = 5.58). The scoring assessment scheme was applied to a remedial treatment on multilayer concrete flat roof which was treated with bituminous membrane. The assessment scheme was revised based on the surveyors’ comments and then verified by the experts. This assessment method secured and improved the quality of the remedial treatment, since the building management staff/owner successfully evaluated, controlled, and monitored the quality of remedial treatments.

ACS Style

Chin-Ong Woon; Sudharshan N. Raman; Safiuddin; Maslina Jamil; Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain. Development of an Assessment Method to Evaluate the Quality of Remedial Treatments on Concrete Flat Roofs of Multiple Buildings. Buildings 2019, 9, 124 .

AMA Style

Chin-Ong Woon, Sudharshan N. Raman, Safiuddin, Maslina Jamil, Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain. Development of an Assessment Method to Evaluate the Quality of Remedial Treatments on Concrete Flat Roofs of Multiple Buildings. Buildings. 2019; 9 (5):124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chin-Ong Woon; Sudharshan N. Raman; Safiuddin; Maslina Jamil; Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain. 2019. "Development of an Assessment Method to Evaluate the Quality of Remedial Treatments on Concrete Flat Roofs of Multiple Buildings." Buildings 9, no. 5: 124.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2019 in Materials
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The mix design of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is complicated by the presence of many “ingredients.” The fundamental packing density allows a simpler mix design with fewer ingredients to achieve optimum packing density and dense microstructure. The optimum particle grading increases the flowability of UHPC and eliminates entrapped air. This study presents a simplified particle grading design approach that positively influences the strength, autogenous shrinkage, and microstructure characteristics of UHPC. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) of superior mechanical properties were added to enhance the strength of UHPC and to reduce its autogenous shrinkage. In addition, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) was used as a cement replacement material to reduce the amount of cement in UHPC mixes. Test results showed that the presence of homogeneously dispersed CNF increased the compressive strength and compensated the autogenous shrinkage of UHPC. The findings indicated that an ideal particle distribution, which is close to the modified Andreasen and Andersen grading model, contributed to achieving high compressive strength and CNFs were capable of providing nano-bridges to compensate the shrinkage caused by GGBS.

ACS Style

Jacob L. G. Lim; Sudharshan N. Raman; Safiuddin; Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain; Roszilah Hamid. Autogenous Shrinkage, Microstructure, and Strength of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Incorporating Carbon Nanofibers. Materials 2019, 12, 320 .

AMA Style

Jacob L. G. Lim, Sudharshan N. Raman, Safiuddin, Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain, Roszilah Hamid. Autogenous Shrinkage, Microstructure, and Strength of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Incorporating Carbon Nanofibers. Materials. 2019; 12 (2):320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacob L. G. Lim; Sudharshan N. Raman; Safiuddin; Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain; Roszilah Hamid. 2019. "Autogenous Shrinkage, Microstructure, and Strength of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Incorporating Carbon Nanofibers." Materials 12, no. 2: 320.

Review
Published: 25 September 2018 in Applied Sciences
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Cracking is a common problem in concrete structures in real-life service conditions. In fact, crack-free concrete structures are very rare to find in real world. Concrete can undergo early-age cracking depending on the mix composition, exposure environment, hydration rate, and curing conditions. Understanding the causes and consequences of cracking thoroughly is essential for selecting proper measures to resolve the early-age cracking problem in concrete. This paper will help to identify the major causes and consequences of the early-age cracking in concrete. Also, this paper will be useful to adopt effective remedial measures for reducing or eliminating the early-age cracking problem in concrete. Different types of early-age crack, the factors affecting the initiation and growth of early-age cracks, the causes of early-age cracking, and the modeling of early-age cracking are discussed in this paper. A number of examples for various early-age cracking problems of concrete found in different structural elements are also shown. Above all, some recommendations are given for minimizing the early-age cracking in concrete. It is hoped that the information conveyed in this paper will be beneficial to improve the service life of concrete structures. Concrete researchers and practitioners may benefit from the contents of this paper.

ACS Style

Safiuddin; A. B. M. Amrul Kaish; Chin-Ong Woon; Sudharshan N. Raman. Early-Age Cracking in Concrete: Causes, Consequences, Remedial Measures, and Recommendations. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 1730 .

AMA Style

Safiuddin, A. B. M. Amrul Kaish, Chin-Ong Woon, Sudharshan N. Raman. Early-Age Cracking in Concrete: Causes, Consequences, Remedial Measures, and Recommendations. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (10):1730.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; A. B. M. Amrul Kaish; Chin-Ong Woon; Sudharshan N. Raman. 2018. "Early-Age Cracking in Concrete: Causes, Consequences, Remedial Measures, and Recommendations." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10: 1730.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2018 in Fibers
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Pitch is a viscoelastic polymer material consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons. It is used to produce carbon fibers with sheet-like crystal structures. The aim of the work presented in this paper was to evaluate the effects of pitch-based short carbon fibers on the workability, unit weight, and air content of freshly mixed mortar composite. Experimental investigation was carried out on five different types of mortar composite, including a control mortar. Four mortar composites were prepared including pitch-based short carbon fibers with 1–4% volume contents. The fresh mortar composites were tested to determine their slump, inverted slump cone flow (flow time, mass flow, and volume flow), unit weight, and air content. In addition, the correlation between the slump and flow time of various mortar composites was determined. It was found that the slump decreased with the increasing volume content of carbon fibers. The flow time of mortar composite increased, and therefore its mass flow and volume flow decreased with a greater volume content of carbon fibers. The slump was strongly correlated with the flow time, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9782. Furthermore, the unit weight of the fresh mortar composite decreased due to the incorporation of carbon fibers. However, amongst the different carbon fiber reinforced mortar composites, the mortar with 3% fiber volume content provided the highest unit weight. The air content results were consistent with the unit weight results. The change in air content of various mortar composites followed a trend reciprocal to that of unit weights. When the overall effects of carbon fibers were compared, it was observed that the fiber volume content higher than 3% resulted in a significantly low workability and provided a much lower unit weight with greater entrapped air content.

ACS Style

Safiuddin; George Abdel-Sayed; Nataliya Hearn. Effects of Pitch-Based Short Carbon Fibers on the Workability, Unit Weight, and Air Content of Mortar Composite. Fibers 2018, 6, 63 .

AMA Style

Safiuddin, George Abdel-Sayed, Nataliya Hearn. Effects of Pitch-Based Short Carbon Fibers on the Workability, Unit Weight, and Air Content of Mortar Composite. Fibers. 2018; 6 (3):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; George Abdel-Sayed; Nataliya Hearn. 2018. "Effects of Pitch-Based Short Carbon Fibers on the Workability, Unit Weight, and Air Content of Mortar Composite." Fibers 6, no. 3: 63.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2018 in Sustainability
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This paper presents the durability indicators for sustainable self-consolidating high-strength concrete (SCHSC) including palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as a supplementary cementing material (SCM). SCHSC mixes were prepared by varying the water to binder (W/B) ratio and POFA content. The W/B ratio was varied in the range of 0.25 to 0.40, and the POFA content differed in the range of 10–30% to produce the desired SCHSC mixes. The tests conducted on the freshly mixed SCHSCs to evaluate their filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance were slump flow, J-ring flow, and sieve segregation, respectively. To evaluate the durability of the hardened SCHSCs, the compressive strength, water absorption, and permeable porosity were examined along with the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The correlations between different hardened properties were derived to ascertain the durability indicators for sustainable SCHSCs. It was observed that most of the SCHSCs possessed excellent filling ability and passing ability with adequate segregation resistance. The test results also revealed that the compressive strength and UPV increased, whereas the water absorption and permeable porosity decreased with a lower W/B ratio and a higher amount of POFA (up to 20% weight content). Moreover, strong correlations were found between the different hardened properties of SCHSC. These correlations were used to determine the durability indicators for sustainable SCHSC with respect to compressive strength, permeable porosity, and water absorption. In accordance with the derived durability indicators, the sustainable SCHSC mixes produced in this study had the durability levels varying from “high” to “outstanding”.

ACS Style

Abdus Salam; Safiuddin; Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. Durability Indicators for Sustainable Self-Consolidating High-Strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2345 .

AMA Style

Abdus Salam, Safiuddin, Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. Durability Indicators for Sustainable Self-Consolidating High-Strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdus Salam; Safiuddin; Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. 2018. "Durability Indicators for Sustainable Self-Consolidating High-Strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2345.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Construction and Building Materials
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ACS Style

Safiuddin; M. Yakhlaf; K.A. Soudki. Key mechanical properties and microstructure of carbon fibre reinforced self-consolidating concrete. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 164, 477 -488.

AMA Style

Safiuddin, M. Yakhlaf, K.A. Soudki. Key mechanical properties and microstructure of carbon fibre reinforced self-consolidating concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 164 ():477-488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; M. Yakhlaf; K.A. Soudki. 2018. "Key mechanical properties and microstructure of carbon fibre reinforced self-consolidating concrete." Construction and Building Materials 164, no. : 477-488.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2017 in Coatings
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Concrete structures undergo different forms of damage during their service life. The aim of this study is to identify the most common forms of concrete damage in field conditions. A number of concrete elements and structures were visually inspected and the damage was photographed. The damage phenomena covered are delamination, popout, spalling, scaling, drying shrinkage cracking, corrosion-induced cracking, map cracking, rust and salt stains, discoloration, and mold and moss growths. The probable reasons for these damage phenomena are discussed in this study. Moreover, this study highlights how concrete structures can be protected from the aforementioned forms of damage by using sealer and coating systems as surface treatments. Different sealer and coating systems, emphasizing their selection for specific uses, installation on concrete substrate, effects on concrete durability, performance criteria, and performance evaluation methods have been discussed. Furthermore, some recommendations are given to improve the performance of concrete sealer and coating systems for the protection of concrete structures in field conditions.

ACS Style

Safiuddin. Concrete Damage in Field Conditions and Protective Sealer and Coating Systems. Coatings 2017, 7, 90 .

AMA Style

Safiuddin. Concrete Damage in Field Conditions and Protective Sealer and Coating Systems. Coatings. 2017; 7 (7):90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin. 2017. "Concrete Damage in Field Conditions and Protective Sealer and Coating Systems." Coatings 7, no. 7: 90.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2016 in Materials
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Modeling is a very useful method for the performance prediction of concrete. Most of the models available in literature are related to the compressive strength because it is a major mechanical property used in concrete design. Many attempts were taken to develop suitable mathematical models for the prediction of compressive strength of different concretes, but not for self-consolidating high-strength concrete (SCHSC) containing palm oil fuel ash (POFA). The present study has used artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the compressive strength of SCHSC incorporating POFA. The ANN model has been developed and validated in this research using the mix proportioning and experimental strength data of 20 different SCHSC mixes. Seventy percent (70%) of the data were used to carry out the training of the ANN model. The remaining 30% of the data were used for testing the model. The training of the ANN model was stopped when the root mean square error (RMSE) and the percentage of good patterns was 0.001 and ≈100%, respectively. The predicted compressive strength values obtained from the trained ANN model were much closer to the experimental values of compressive strength. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the relationship between the predicted and experimental compressive strengths was 0.9486, which shows the higher degree of accuracy of the network pattern. Furthermore, the predicted compressive strength was found very close to the experimental compressive strength during the testing process of the ANN model. The absolute and percentage relative errors in the testing process were significantly low with a mean value of 1.74 MPa and 3.13%, respectively, which indicated that the compressive strength of SCHSC including POFA can be efficiently predicted by the ANN.

ACS Style

Safiuddin; Sudharshan N. Raman; Abdus Salam; Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. Modeling of Compressive Strength for Self-Consolidating High-Strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash. Materials 2016, 9, 396 .

AMA Style

Safiuddin, Sudharshan N. Raman, Abdus Salam, Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. Modeling of Compressive Strength for Self-Consolidating High-Strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash. Materials. 2016; 9 (5):396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; Sudharshan N. Raman; Abdus Salam; Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. 2016. "Modeling of Compressive Strength for Self-Consolidating High-Strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash." Materials 9, no. 5: 396.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2015 in Materials
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The aim of the work reported in this article was to investigate the effects of medium temperature and industrial by-products on the key hardened properties of high performance concrete. Four concrete mixes were prepared based on a water-to-binder ratio of 0.35. Two industrial by-products, silica fume and Class F fly ash, were used separately and together with normal portland cement to produce three concrete mixes in addition to the control mix. The properties of both fresh and hardened concretes were examined in the laboratory. The freshly mixed concrete mixes were tested for slump, slump flow, and V-funnel flow. The hardened concretes were tested for compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity after exposing to 20, 35 and 50 °C. In addition, the initial surface absorption and the rate of moisture movement into the concretes were determined at 20 °C. The performance of the concretes in the fresh state was excellent due to their superior deformability and good segregation resistance. In their hardened state, the highest levels of compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity were produced by silica fume concrete. In addition, silica fume concrete showed the lowest level of initial surface absorption and the lowest rate of moisture movement into the interior of concrete. In comparison, the compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, initial surface absorption, and moisture movement rate of silica fume-fly ash concrete were close to those of silica fume concrete. Moreover, all concretes provided relatively low compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity when they were exposed to 50 °C. However, the effect of increased temperature was less detrimental for silica fume and silica fume-fly ash concretes in comparison with the control concrete.

ACS Style

Safiuddin; Sudharshan Naidu Raman; Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain. Effects of Medium Temperature and Industrial By-Products on the Key Hardened Properties of High Performance Concrete. Materials 2015, 8, 8608 -8623.

AMA Style

Safiuddin, Sudharshan Naidu Raman, Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain. Effects of Medium Temperature and Industrial By-Products on the Key Hardened Properties of High Performance Concrete. Materials. 2015; 8 (12):8608-8623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; Sudharshan Naidu Raman; Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain. 2015. "Effects of Medium Temperature and Industrial By-Products on the Key Hardened Properties of High Performance Concrete." Materials 8, no. 12: 8608-8623.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2015 in British Journal of Applied Science & Technology
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This paper presents the results of the key non-destructive tests performed on the self-consolidating high-strength concrete (SCHSC) mixes including palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as a pozzolanic supplementary cementing material. Twenty (20) SCHSC mixes were produced with several water-to-binder (W/B) ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.40. POFA was incorporated in concrete mixes substituting 0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 30% of ordinary portland cement (OPC) by weight. The non-destructive tests were carried out to determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of the concretes. In addition, the 28 and 56 days compressive strengths were determined to verify whether the concretes possessed high strength or not. The slump flow of the concrete mixes was also investigated to observe their self-consolidation capacity. Nevertheless, more emphasis was given to observe the effects of W/B ratio and POFA content on the selected non-destructive properties of the concretes. Moreover, the correlations of UPV and dynamic modulus of elasticity with compressive strength were determined. The concrete mixes produced had the required slump flow values (≥ 600 mm) for self-consolidating concrete. The compressive strength of all concretes satisfied the strength requirement (≥ 50 MPa) of high-strength concrete for all replacement levels of OPC. The UPV and dynamic elasticity decreased with higher W/B ratio. POFA was effective in improving the non-destructive properties of concretes up to 20% replacement of cement by weight. Hence, the optimum POFA content was 20% in the context of the present study. Furthermore, the dynamic modulus of elasticity and UPV were strongly correlated with the compressive strength of SCHSC possessing a correlation coefficient of +0.9413 and +0.9709, respectively.

ACS Style

M Salam; Safiuddin; M Jumaat. Non-destructive Evaluation of Self-consolidating High-strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 2015, 11, 1 -13.

AMA Style

M Salam, Safiuddin, M Jumaat. Non-destructive Evaluation of Self-consolidating High-strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology. 2015; 11 (4):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Salam; Safiuddin; M Jumaat. 2015. "Non-destructive Evaluation of Self-consolidating High-strength Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 11, no. 4: 1-13.

Articles
Published: 06 March 2014 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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Nanotechnology application to concrete presents an innovative approach to improve concrete properties based on the ability to manipulate the cementitious material at an atomic scale. This paper presents a review of the nano-materials that have been used in concrete. The literature survey revealed that four nano-materials are most often used to modify concrete properties; these include nano-silica (nano-SiO2), nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2), carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) and carbon nano-fibres (CNFs). All of these four nano-materials have shown improvement in many concrete properties. Both nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 reduce bleeding and segregation, and improve mechanical and transport properties. CNFs and CNTs tend to adversely affect the fresh properties due to agglomerations, which are overcome when a surfactant or ultrasonic mixer is used. However, both CNFs and CNTs significantly improve the mechanical properties of concrete. This paper also discusses how concrete durability is improved when nano-materials are added to concrete. In addition, this paper identifies several research needs based on the gaps in the current state of knowledge on using nano-materials in concrete.

ACS Style

Safiuddin; Marcelo Gonzalez; Jingwen Cao; Susan L. Tighe. State-of-the-art report on use of nano-materials in concrete. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2014, 15, 940 -949.

AMA Style

Safiuddin, Marcelo Gonzalez, Jingwen Cao, Susan L. Tighe. State-of-the-art report on use of nano-materials in concrete. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2014; 15 (10):940-949.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; Marcelo Gonzalez; Jingwen Cao; Susan L. Tighe. 2014. "State-of-the-art report on use of nano-materials in concrete." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 15, no. 10: 940-949.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
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ACS Style

Safiuddin; Abdus Salam; Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. Key Fresh Properties of Self-Consolidating High-Strength POFA Concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2014, 26, 134 -142.

AMA Style

Safiuddin, Abdus Salam, Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. Key Fresh Properties of Self-Consolidating High-Strength POFA Concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2014; 26 (1):134-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; Abdus Salam; Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. 2014. "Key Fresh Properties of Self-Consolidating High-Strength POFA Concrete." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 26, no. 1: 134-142.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2012 in Magazine of Concrete Research
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ACS Style

Safiuddin; Abdus Salam; Mohd Zamin Jumaat. Flowing ability of self-consolidating concrete and its binder paste phase including palm oil fuel ash. Magazine of Concrete Research 2012, 64, 931 -944.

AMA Style

Safiuddin, Abdus Salam, Mohd Zamin Jumaat. Flowing ability of self-consolidating concrete and its binder paste phase including palm oil fuel ash. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2012; 64 (10):931-944.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; Abdus Salam; Mohd Zamin Jumaat. 2012. "Flowing ability of self-consolidating concrete and its binder paste phase including palm oil fuel ash." Magazine of Concrete Research 64, no. 10: 931-944.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2012 in Construction and Building Materials
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This paper presents the key properties of freshly mixed self-consolidating concrete (SCC) incorporating rice husk ash (RHA). Air-entrained SCC mixtures were produced based on the water/binder (W/B) ratios of 0.30–0.40. RHA was used substituting 0–30% of cement by weight. The fresh properties investigated were filling ability, passing ability, segregation resistance, air content, and unit weight. The effects of RHA and W/B ratio on these properties were observed. Test results revealed that the fresh properties were significantly influenced by the W/B ratio and RHA content of concrete. RHA also affected air entrainment and decreased the unit weight of concrete.

ACS Style

Safiuddin; J.S. West; K.A. Soudki. Properties of freshly mixed self-consolidating concretes incorporating rice husk ash as a supplementary cementing material. Construction and Building Materials 2012, 30, 833 -842.

AMA Style

Safiuddin, J.S. West, K.A. Soudki. Properties of freshly mixed self-consolidating concretes incorporating rice husk ash as a supplementary cementing material. Construction and Building Materials. 2012; 30 ():833-842.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Safiuddin; J.S. West; K.A. Soudki. 2012. "Properties of freshly mixed self-consolidating concretes incorporating rice husk ash as a supplementary cementing material." Construction and Building Materials 30, no. : 833-842.