Forecasting is a very effortful task owing to its features which simultaneously contain linear and nonlinear patterns. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model has been one the most widely utilized linear model in time series forecasting. Unfortunately, the ARIMA model cannot effortlessly handle nonlinear patterns alone. Thus, Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is introduced to solve nonlinear behavior in the datasets with high variance and uncertainty. The purposes of this study are twofold. First, to propose a hybrid ARIMA models using SVM. Secondly, to test the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model using sea surface temperature (SST) data. Our investigation is based on two well-known real datasets, i.e., SST (modis) and in-situ SST (hycom). Statistical measurement such as MAE, MAPE, MSE, and RMSE are carried out to investigate the efficacy of the proposed models as compared to the previous ARIMA and SVMs models. The empirical results reveal that the proposed models produce lesser MAE, MAPE, MSE, and RMSE values in comparison to the single ARIMA and SVMs models. In additional, ARIMA-SVM are much better than compared to the existing models since the forecasting values are closer to the actual value. Therefore, we conclude that the presented models can be used to generate superior predicting values in time series forecasting with a way higher forecast precision.

Cyberbullying is a form of bullying that occurs through digital technology on various social media platforms. This issue has become critical, particularly when it involves racial statements that can threaten community harmony. Many researchers worldwide are working on solutions for automatic hate speech and cyberaggression detection using different machine learning models. This study aims to introduce a novel hybrid method for detecting cyberbullying, utilizing a combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), collectively referred to as SVM-LDA. The methodology involves integrating SVM and LDA techniques. The models efficiency was assessed using various metrics, offering a comparative analysis of the hybrid model against individual machine learning models. The results show that the proposed hybrid model achieved 96.1% accuracy and outperformed single machine learning models on the Twitter dataset. The hybrid model also demonstrated robustness in handling imbalanced classes for cyberbullying detection. The proposed SVM-LDA hybrid approach shows significant potential in effectively detecting cyberbullying, even in cases of class imbalance. This model offers a more robust solution compared to traditional single machine learning models in detecting cyberaggression.

Homestay ecotourism in Malaysia has been extensively examined in terms of its concepts, approaches, activities, and community engagement. However, a comprehensive assessment of the sustainability factors pertaining to host families remains a critical area awaiting exploration. This is paramount for ensuring the long-term viability of homestays and fostering economic benefits within rural communities. The present study seeks to establish direct subjective measurements for evaluating the interplay between local communities, tourism, and resources in safeguarding sustainable homestays. Utilizing the Delphi approach, this research conducted interviews with 51 experts who were actively involved in six homestays located on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The objective was to identify key evaluation indicators pertinent to the homestay industry. The findings underscored the pivotal roles played by community resources and tourism in the sustainability of homestays. Additionally, environmental, economic, and social factors emerged as crucial components for maintaining the industry's sustainability. This innovative assessment methodology offers a valuable instrument for enhancing the sustainability of the homestay sector, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. By embracing this approach, homestay operators can fortify their sustainable management practices and prepare themselves for future pandemics. This study represents a significant contribution to the field of homestay ecotourism, emphasizing the imperative for continued research in this dynamic domain.

Atrophic gastritis (AG) is commonly caused by the infection of the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. If untreated, AG may develop into a chronic condition leading to gastric cancer, which is deemed to be the third primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Precursory detection of AG is crucial to avoid such cases. This work focuses on H. pylori-associated infection located at the gastric antrum, where the classification is of binary classes of normal versus atrophic gastritis. Existing work developed the Deep Convolution Neural Network (DCNN) of GoogLeNet with 22 layers of the pre-trained model. Another study employed GoogLeNet based on the Inception Module, fast and robust fuzzy C-means (FRFCM), and simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) superpixel algorithms to identify gastric disease. GoogLeNet with Caffe framework and ResNet-50 are machine learners that detect H. pylori infection. Nonetheless, the accuracy may become abundant as the network depth increases. An upgrade to the current standards method is highly anticipated to avoid untreated and inaccurate diagnoses that may lead to chronic AG. The proposed work incorporates improved techniques revolving within DCNN with pooling as pre-trained models and channel shuffle to assist streams of information across feature channels to ease the training of networks for deeper CNN. In addition, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) feature fusion method and ReliefF feature selection approaches are intended to revamp the combined techniques. CCA models the relationship between the two data sets of significant features generated by pre-trained ShuffleNet. ReliefF reduces and selects essential features from CCA and is classified using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM). It is believed the extended work is justified with a 98.2% testing accuracy reading, thus providing an accurate diagnosis of normal versus atrophic gastritis.