As crystallization behavior has a great effect on the injection molding process, the flash differential scanning calorimetry (FSC) method was employed to study the influence of cooling rate on the crystallization behavior of a semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP). As the experimental results show, crystallization temperatures (onset crystallization temperature and maximum crystallization temperature) and crystallinity decrease as the cooling rate increases. In addition, the corresponding mathematical models were established to describe the relationship between the crystallization temperatures/crystallinity and the cooling rate. A revised Tait equation was also carried out based on the mathematical models.

We prototyped the solid-state photon generator composed of silica-coated quantum dot (QD) and metamaterial element using the scanning probe microscope lithography. The metamaterial element acts as an optical resonator and controls the emission of QD. For prototyping the device, QDs were trapped in a nanohole formed, and then, a metamaterial element was set around it. We succeeded in observing fine photon emission peak from the prototyped devices by the micro photoluminescence measurement. The temperature-independent wavelength of the emission peak suggested the resonance of the QD emission and the induced current in the metamaterial element.

Viscosity is a prominent rheological property of polymer, which is affected by temperature, pressure, shear rate, molecular structure, and other factors. Despite the importance of the pressure effect, there remains a paucity of investigations on the dependence of pressure on viscosity compared with other factors, such as shear rate and temperature. Previous research has established that the correlation between pressure and viscosity is usually expressed by the pressure coefficient. In this paper, different measurement techniques and methods for the pressure coefficient of viscosity of polymer melts are reviewed and evaluated on the basis of published experimental data. The capillary rheometer with a pressurized exit chamber is widely employed because of its accuracy and simple use. Besides, the accuracy and relationship of pressure coefficients determined by different methods are discussed.

In this paper, the thermodynamically consistent fractional derivative model is developed for viscoelastic materials such as rubbers under large deformations. As the basis of fractional derivative model, the Maxwell model for finite strain is proposed as a natural extension of the Maxwell model for infinitesimal strain. In the proposed Maxwell model, the stress–strain relationship is defined for both the elastic and viscous components. The viscous stress satisfies the thermodynamic requirement that entropy production is always positive except at zero stress. The two components are combined into the linear evolution equation based on the fact that the stress of the two components is the same. Through the generalized Maxwell model, several types of fractional-derivative stress–strain relations of order less than one have been derived. These relations include a new relation as well as relations already known in the literature. It is shown that one of the relations proposed by Fukunaga and Shimizu (2015, “Fractional Derivative Constitutive Models for Finite Deformation of Viscoelastic Materials,” ASME J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn., 10(6), p. 061002) is a special case of the new relation. For both these fractional derivative models and the generalized Maxwell model under finite strain, the viscous dissipation can be explicitly calculated in thermodynamically consistent manner. The properties of these fractional derivative models are demonstrated by comparing with the stress behavior of natural rubbers.

This paper explains the stress behavior of filled and vulcanized rubbers subject to large deformations by using the fractional derivatives proposed in a paper in this series (Fukunaga et al., 2025, “A Fractional Derivative Interpretation of Viscoelastic Rubbers. I. Thermodynamically Consistent Fractional-Derivative Models for Finite Strain,” ASME J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn., 20(11), p. 111009, Paper I). The proposed rubber model consists of two fractional-derivative terms and one elastic term arranged in parallel. The orders of two fractional derivatives are α≃0.5 and β<α. Of the two fractional-derivative terms, the contribution from the term of order α (the α term) is small for low strain rates. Aside from the α term, the basic parameters are the order, β, the coefficient of the β term, and the shear modulus of the elastic term. Because the number parameters of fractional-derivative model is small, a deviation from the response of the fractional derivative can be directly interpreted as the effects of the ingredients or a change in state during the course of deformation. At large deformations, the influences of filler and vulcanization are represented by one parameter called the effective thickness, which is a measure of the effective volume fraction of the matrix. A method for decomposing these parameters is presented. The fractional-derivative model also suggests differences in the state of rubbers between the loading and unloading phases. The fractional-derivative term weakens or vanishes in the unloading phase. A model with β<0.2 is consistent with the stress data considered in this paper both in the loading and unloading phases.