This work develops a software tool to calculate and predict the energy consumption of an electric vehicle (EV) for any desired route. The software tool is based on a mathematical model of an electric vehicle, which relates the energy consumption of the vehicle with factors such as the speed and the terrain slope. In addition, factors such as driving style, weather conditions and traffic congestion can be taken into account. The model has been validated with real data from an electric vehicle. On the other hand, this work proposes a methodology to use this tool with any other EV, as long as its basic characteristics are known. The results obtained in this work are applied in automated testing systems, specific for EV storage systems at laboratory level. The main advantage lies in the use of more realistic power profiles than those commonly used and proposed in the specialized literature (e.g., FUDS). In addition, the proposed methodology can be applied to any EV, in different scenarios of orography, traffic, climatology, etc.

Batteries are the core element of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). There are several types of battery technologies, but the most used are Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Emerging lithium-ion battery technologies offer potentially improved cost, safety, cycle life and performance. To determine which battery technology is more suitable for BESS applications, it is important to test them and evaluate their performance and cycle life under typical BESS operation. In this paper, several lithium-ion batteries are analyzed under different tests, to evaluate critical performance parameters for BESS applications. To attain these objectives, several testing schedules are designed, including internal resistance tests, constant power cycle-testing, fast charging techniques and performance evaluation under kinetic and thermodynamic states. The results from the proposed testing schemes allows us to properly evaluate and analyze LIBs, to better understand the technology of choice for BESS.

The European Union is pushing forward its European Green Deal setting a climate goal of a 55% GHG decrease by 2030 and a net-zero emission economy by 2050. Sustainable mobility is one of the main areas of interest, with Battery Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Electric vehicles (or Fuel Cell vehicles) as key technologies to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and, therefore, global warming. Each technology is better suited for specific applications and standardization plays a key role to ensure the deployment of a safe, cost effective, energy efficient, sustainable transport. Sustainable refueling stations where several technologies coexist are envisioned and multiple standards should be implemented in a coordinated manner. A review of current European legislation and standardization for Hydrogen and Battery Electric Buses and Heavy-Duty Trucks is presented in this paper. Some indications of areas needing to be further standardized such as higher capacity and flow charging rates for Hydrogen vehicles are also given.