The foot absorbs shocks with its arches, muscles, ligaments and joints, and bodyweight transmission and it pushes the body forward during all movement patterns. Pes planus is more important in sports activities that include balance and sports performance, such as walking, running, jumping, or transferring weight to a single lower limb. This study, conducted with this information in mind, aims to examine the effects of pes planus deformity on balance and vertical jump performance. Fifty athletes were included in the study. The presence of pes planus was evaluated according to the Feiss line. Balance measurements were performed with a Balance System SD Biodex. Vertical jump performance was recorded using an Omegawave jumping mat. The relationship between the pes planus grades of the participants and their balance and jump performances was analyzed using the Spearman correlation method. Vertical jump and Limit of stability (LOS) was significantly correlated with pes planus.

Introduction: Athletes competing in weight-class sports often seek to gain an advantage by competing at lower weights. Athletes competing in weight-class sports often seek to gain an advantage by competing at lower weights. To achieve this, they aim to lose weight during the competition period, leading to various physiological and psychological changes. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical, hormonal, and psychological effects of weight reduction in elite wrestlers during the competition phase.Methods: Thirty-seven elite male free style wrestlers (age: 19.02 ± 1.27) participated in the study. Samples were collected 5 days before and on the day of the match.Results: A significant decrease in body weight was observed (p < 0.05). Levels of creatine, BUN, sodium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, LDH, and cortisol increased, while albumin, testosterone, and FSH levels decreased. There were no significant differences in potassium, ALT, AST, TSH levels. State and trait anxiety scores of the wrestlers increased significantly during the RWL period.Conclusion: The study concluded that elite wrestlers experienced significant changes in physiological and psychological parameters during the competition periods. These findings underscore the importance of careful monitoring of RWL strategies by coaches and athletes to mitigate the adverse effects on nutritional status, psychological well-being, and physical performance.

This study aims to identify the perceptions of examination of student resistance behaviors towards physical education and sports teachers in the teaching-learning process. For this purpose to define students’ resistance behaviors. In education, students’ resistance to teaching-learning processes affects the entire school community. Resistance behaviors during the teaching-learning process cause students to fail and create an important problem for teachers and administrators for preventing the formation of efficient learning environments, increasing the number of students showing similar resistance, and developing negative thoughts regarding school and the school community. For this purpose, to examine how physical education and sports teachers perceive students’ resistance behaviors throughout the school. Therefore, this study was designed as a descriptive study that reveals the current situation for 157 physical education and sports teachers working in the center of Şanlıurfa. In the study, Student Resistance Behaviors Scale Teacher Form SRBS-T which is a five-point Likert scale consisting of 25 items and four identifying factors that are “Hostile Attitudes towards Teacher Authority,” “Hostile Attitudes towards Teacher,” “Constantly Being Angry” and “Passive Resistance” was used. In analyzing the data, a t-test test was used in pairwise comparisons, and One-Way ANOVA tests were used in multiple comparisons. Tukey test was conducted to determine where the difference was in the group. In the study, the findings were statistically significant in the sub-dimensions of “Hostile Attitudes towards Teacher” and seniority, “Passive Resistance” and “Passive Resistance” at the school level. İn this study showed that there is no significant difference between genders in the sub-scales of SRBS-T and total scores. In addition “Hostile Attitudes towards the Teacher” sub-dimension were found to be significantly different in teachers with 16-20 years of seniority from other teachers. In the “passive resistance” dimension, teachers with 11-15 years of seniority had significantly higher scores than other teachers.

This study aims to determine the levels of teacher and trainer candidates in the university education process, in line with the findings obtained in the dimensions of professional anxiety and self-efficacy and their sub-dimensions as a result of examining the professional anxiety and self-efficacy perceptions of teacher and trainer candidates. In this study in the screening model, the research group consisted of 311 trainer and physical education and sports teacher candidates, 135 women and 176 men, who studied at Harran University School of Physical Education and Sports in the fall semester 2017-2018. In line with the purpose of the study, the tests correlated to the teacher candidates’ academic self-efficacy, the level of professional anxiety, some demographic characteristics of the teacher candidates, professional concerns, and academic self-efficacy were applied. The tools used for these tests are the “Teacher Candidate Anxiety Scale” adapted from Borich (1996) and developed by Saban, Korkmaz, and Akbaş (2004) and the “Academic self-efficacy scale” developed by Jerusalem and Schwarzer (1981). The adaptation, reliability, and validity study of the scale into Turkish was also applied by Yılmaz et al. (2007). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were performed on the data file formed by transferring the data collected within the scope of the study to the SPSS 22.0 program. Simultaneously, simple linear regression analyzes were conducted in which academic self-efficacy was accepted as the independent variable, and occupational anxiety was considered the dependent variable. In the study, the average score of teacher candidates’ academic self-efficacy was determined as 21.44 high. Together, these variables explain 4% of the change in student-centered anxiety. Academic self-efficacy reveals 9% of the self-centered anxiety dimension, 6% of the task-centered anxiety dimension, and 5% of the student-centered anxiety dimension. It can be said that self-efficacy perceptions are predictors of professional anxiety levels for teacher candidates. It is believed that determining the reason for teacher candidates’ low self-efficacy and anxiety scores in programs that train them in the education process and studies to be conducted on these reasons will positively affect the academic self-efficacy and professional anxiety levels of Physical Education and Sports Teacher candidates.

Kavramları anlamamız somutlaştırmamızda etkili olan metaforlar, kavramların oluşumu ve süreci hakkında düşüncelerimizi yapılandıran, yönlendiren, kontrol eden, ve iletişim sağlayan en etkili zihinsel araçlardan biri olarak ifade edilmektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle; metafor kavramı ile vurgulanmak istenilen, bir kavram, olgu veya olayın başka bir kavram, olgu veya olaya benzetilerek açıklanmasıdır. İnsanların yüzme kavramına yükledikleri anlam yaşam biçimine göre de farklılaşabilir. İşte bu düşüncelerden hareketle, bu araştırmada insanların yüzme kavramına yükledikleri anlamın ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu anlamın metaforlar yoluyla ortaya çıkarılmasında nitel araştırma yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir. Bu fenomenolojik araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin yüzmeye ilişkin metaforik algılarını keşfetmektir. Araştırmanın verileri elektronik ortamda hazırlanan yapılandırılmış form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Formun birinci bölümünde katılımcıların kişisel bilgilerine ilişkin sorular yer almıştır. İkinci bölümde ise metafor çalışmalarında sık sık kullanılan “Yüzme …… gibidir. Çünkü……” yapısı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Harran Üniversitesi öğrencilerinden random bir şekilde toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya 156 kadın, 112 erkek toplam, 268 öğrenci katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde katılımcıların araştırma konusu yapılan fenomeni nasıl deneyimlediklerine ilişkin kodlar ve temalar listelenmesi sonucunda, anlamsal bir bütün oluşturacak şekilde 6 tema elde edildi Bu temalar “İnsanın özgür olma arzusu”, “Sağlık ve rahatlama”, “Fiziksel aktivite”, “Yaşam mücadelesi”, “Doğayla özdeşleşme”, “Eğlence” başlıkları altında toplanmıştır. Elde edilen 6 tema genel manada olumlu algılar görülmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki bulgulara göre, öğrenciler “Yüzme” metaforuna ilişkin olumlu algılara sahip oldukları söylenebilir.

Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between isokinetic knee strength and competition performance in elite male ski mountaineering sprint athletes and to identify strength parameters that predict performance and contribute to injury prevention. Materials and Methods: Thirteen male athletes participating in the Ski Mountaineering Turkey Cup final stage were included. Isokinetic knee flexion (FLX) and extension (EXT) strength of dominant (DM) and non-dominant (NDM) legs were measured at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s using the DIERS-Myolin Isometric Muscle Strength Analysis System. Competition performance was evaluated using the ISMF scoring system. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 with Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses after normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity checks. Results: Strong positive correlations were found between hamstring strength at high angular velocities (180°/s) and performance (DM FLX: r = 0.809; NDM FLX: r = 0.880). Extension strength showed moderate correlations at low velocities (60°/s) (DM EXT: r = 0.677; NDM EXT: r = 0.699). Regression analysis revealed that DM FLX at 180°/s and DM EXT at 60°/s explained 49% of performance variance (Adj. R² = 0.498). For NDM legs, only 180°/s FLX was a significant predictor (β = 1.468). Conclusions: High-velocity hamstring strength plays a critical role in ski mountaineering sprint performance, particularly during sudden directional changes and dynamic balance. Quadriceps strength at low velocities contributes to prolonged climbing phases. Moreover, identifying and addressing bilateral strength asymmetries may support injury prevention strategies in elite ski mountaineering athletes. These findings provide scientific support for designing training programs targeting explosive hamstring strength, bilateral symmetry, and injury risk reduction, essential for optimizing performance in the 2026 Winter Olympics sprint discipline.