The growing demand for composite materials with improved properties is attracting a lot of attention from industries such as automotive, aerospace, military, aviation, and other manufacturing. Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs), with various reinforcements such as continuous/discontinuous fibers, whiskers, and particulates, have captured the attention due to their superior tribological, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics as compared to bare Al alloy. AMMCs have undergone extensive research and development with different reinforcements in order to obtain the materials with the desired characteristics. In this paper, we present a review on AMMCs produced through stir casting routes. This review focuses on the following aspects: (i) different reinforcing materials in AMMCs; (ii) microstructural study of reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) through stir casting. Both reinforcing micro- and nanoparticles are focused. Micro- and nanoreinforced AMMCs have the attractive properties of combination such asthe low-weight-to-high-strength rati and, low density; (iii) various tribological and mechanical properties with the consideration of different input parameters; (iv) outlook and perspective.

Multi secret sharing is used to hide more than one secret information. In this approach secret information is divided in many parts and distributed among participants. Secret information may be in form of images also. Initially, Visual Cryptography (VC) applied for single secret images. After encryption process of VC, encrypted meaningless images are generated known as shares. Nowadays, multiple secret images may be secured by VC also. However, multi secret sharing schemes provide security to multiple images. Obtaining multiple images by using minimum number of shares is really an existing problem. Existing algorithms are limited to fix number of secret images with minimum number of shares. In this paper, we proposed an (2, n, m) multi secret sharing scheme in which exactly n share are generated to encode m secret images. If set of shares taken from qualified set then secret images revealed on the other hand set of shares taken from forbidden set than no information revealed. Minimum two shares are required to obtain one secret images and n or m+1 shares are used to obtain m multi secret images. Perfect alignment of shares between shares is not required to obtain secret image in the proposed technique.

Solar energy is most important form of renewable energy. It is cheap and easily available but it required a lot of area for production of solar power to install them in a particular space. This paper proposes a comparison of solar panel in matrix form and a solar power tree in a particular area. A solar power tree requires very less place to produce efficient energy. Solar Tree is made of metal structure , it has a number of solar panels which are used to give the shape of a tree and arranged in a tall tower. Spiralling phyllataxy is technique used to improve the efficiency of the plant as it prevent the lower panel shadowing. Solar photovoltaic modules are arranged in series form like fibonacci series in place of leaves in solar tree. By using this technique the amount of energy produced by solar tree is more than the energy produce by an array of solar cells. Solar trees are produces about 50% more electricity .The increasing energy demand, economy of land, the solar tree concept is very successful one and should be implemented to provide electricity. Solar tree is much better than the traditional solar PV system in area point of view and also more efficient.

The digital image correlation (DIC) method is widely used in deformation measurements as it has the advantages of being a non-contact, high precision method that provides full field measurements, and requires simple experimental equipment. Traditionally, the grayscale speckle patterns captured by a monochromatic camera are used in the DIC method. With the growing development of consumer color cameras, there is great potential for developing color information in the DIC method. This paper proposes a displacement- and stress–strain-invariant DIC deformation measurement method based on the integer-pixel matching approach for speckle patterns during a tension test. For the integer-pixel matching stage, the load and displacement and stress–strain-invariant histories feature is used to estimate the initial value of the deformation parameters. In addition, this paper proposes a reverse retrieve strategy, instead of a forward search, to reduce the search time. Experiments show that the proposed DIC deformation measurement approach is not only capable of displacement invariance measurement, with robustness and high efficiency, but also that the average accuracy of the stress–strain result can reach 0.1%.