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Prof. Sunpreet Singh
National University of Singapore

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0 Sustainability
0 Zero Waste
0 Biomaterial
0 process optimisation
0 Metal casting

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additive manufacturing
Sustainability
Biomaterial
Zero Waste

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Short Biography

Dr. Sunpreet Singh is researcher in NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI). His area of research is Additive Manufacturing and application of 3D printing for development of new biomaterials for clinical applications. He has contributed extensively in Additive Manufacturing literature with publications appearing in Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Composite Part: B, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Measurement, International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology, and Journal of Cleaner Production. He authored 150 research papers and 27 book chapters. He is working with joint collaboration with Prof. Seeram Ramakrishna, NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative and Prof. Rupinder Singh, Manufacturing Research Lab, GNDEC, Ludhiana. He is also editor of 3 Book: "Current Trends in Bio-manufacturing", Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing, Springer International Publishing AG, Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland., Dec. 2018; “3D Printing in Biomedical Engineering”, Book series Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, Springer International Publishing AG, Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland., August 2019, and "Biomaterials in Orthopaedics and Bone Regeneration -Design and Synthesis", Book series Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, Springer International Publishing AG, Gewerbest

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Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
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Aluminum hybrid composites have the potential to satisfy emerging demands of lightweight materials with enhanced mechanical properties and lower manufacturing costs. There is an inclusion of reinforcing materials with variable concentrations for the preparation of hybrid metal matrix composites to attain customized properties. Hence, it is obligatory to investigate the impact of different machining conditions for the selection of optimum parameter settings for aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composite material. The present study aims to identify the optimum machining parameters during wire electrical discharge machining of samples prepared with graphite, ferrous oxide, and silicon carbide. In the present research work, five different process parameters and three response parameters such as material removal rate, surface roughness, and spark Gap are considered for process optimization. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis reported the manifestation of the recast layer. Analytical hierarchy process and genetic algorithm have been successfully implemented to identify the best machining conditions for hybrid composites.

ACS Style

Amresh Kumar; Neelkanth Grover; Alakesh Manna; Raman Kumar; Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan; Sandeep Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Iulian Pruncu. Multi-Objective Optimization of WEDM of Aluminum Hybrid Composites Using AHP and Genetic Algorithm. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Amresh Kumar, Neelkanth Grover, Alakesh Manna, Raman Kumar, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, Sandeep Singh, Sunpreet Singh, Catalin Iulian Pruncu. Multi-Objective Optimization of WEDM of Aluminum Hybrid Composites Using AHP and Genetic Algorithm. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amresh Kumar; Neelkanth Grover; Alakesh Manna; Raman Kumar; Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan; Sandeep Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Iulian Pruncu. 2021. "Multi-Objective Optimization of WEDM of Aluminum Hybrid Composites Using AHP and Genetic Algorithm." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering , no. : 1-13.

Review
Published: 30 June 2021 in Sustainability
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The United Nations (UN) 2030 agenda on sustainable development goals (SDGs) encourages us to implement sustainable infrastructure and services for confronting challenges such as large energy consumption, solid waste generation, depletion of water resources and emission of greenhouse gases in the construction industry. Therefore, to overcome challenges and establishing sustainable construction, there is a requirement to integrate information technology with innovative manufacturing processes and materials science. Moreover, the wide implementation of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology in constructing monuments, artistic objects, and residential buildings has gained attention. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud manufacturing (CM), and 3DP allows us to digitalize the construction for providing reliable and digitalized features to the users. In this review article, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of implementing the IoT, CM, and 3D printing (3DP) technologies in building constructions for achieving sustainability. The recent convergence research of cloud development and 3D printing (3DP) are being explored in the article by categorizing them into multiple sections including 3D printing resource access technology, 3D printing cloud platform (3D–PCP) service architectures, 3D printing service optimized configuration technology, 3D printing service evaluation technology, and 3D service control and monitoring technology. This paper also examines and analyzes the limitations of existing research and, moreover, the article provides key recommendations such as automation with robotics, predictive analytics in 3DP, eco-friendly 3DP, and 5G technology-based IoT-based CM for future enhancements.

ACS Style

Rajesh Singh; Anita Gehlot; Shaik Akram; Lovi Gupta; Manoj Jena; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Raman Kumar. Cloud Manufacturing, Internet of Things-Assisted Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology: Reliable Tools for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7327 .

AMA Style

Rajesh Singh, Anita Gehlot, Shaik Akram, Lovi Gupta, Manoj Jena, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Raman Kumar. Cloud Manufacturing, Internet of Things-Assisted Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology: Reliable Tools for Sustainable Construction. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajesh Singh; Anita Gehlot; Shaik Akram; Lovi Gupta; Manoj Jena; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Raman Kumar. 2021. "Cloud Manufacturing, Internet of Things-Assisted Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technology: Reliable Tools for Sustainable Construction." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7327.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Clean technological machining operations can improve traditional methods’ environmental, economic, and technical viability, resulting in sustainability, compatibility, and human-centered machining. This, this work focuses on sustainable machining of Al-Mg-Zr alloy with minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)-assisted machining using a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool. The effect of various process parameters on the surface roughness and cutting temperature were analyzed. The Taguchi L25 orthogonal array-based experimental design has been utilized. Experiments have been carried out in the MQL environment, and pressure was maintained at 8 bar. The multiple responses were optimized using desirability function analysis (DFA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that cutting speed and depth of cut are the most prominent factors for surface roughness and cutting temperature. Therefore, the DFA suggested that, to attain reasonable response values, a lower to moderate value of depth of cut, cutting speed and feed rate are appreciable. An artificial neural network (ANN) model with four different learning algorithms was used to predict the surface roughness and temperature. Apart from this, to address the sustainability aspect, life cycle assessment (LCA) of MQL-assisted and dry machining has been carried out. Energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and processing time have been determined for MQL-assisted and dry machining. The results showed that MQL-machining required a very nominal amount of cutting fluid, which produced a smaller carbon footprint. Moreover, very little energy consumption is required in MQL-machining to achieve high material removal and very low tool change.

ACS Style

Rezaul Karim; Juairiya Tariq; Shah Morshed; Sabbir Shawon; Abir Hasan; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Raman Kumar; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Catalin Pruncu. Environmental, Economical and Technological Analysis of MQL-Assisted Machining of Al-Mg-Zr Alloy Using PCD Tool. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7321 .

AMA Style

Rezaul Karim, Juairiya Tariq, Shah Morshed, Sabbir Shawon, Abir Hasan, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Raman Kumar, Yadaiah Nirsanametla, Catalin Pruncu. Environmental, Economical and Technological Analysis of MQL-Assisted Machining of Al-Mg-Zr Alloy Using PCD Tool. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7321.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rezaul Karim; Juairiya Tariq; Shah Morshed; Sabbir Shawon; Abir Hasan; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Raman Kumar; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Environmental, Economical and Technological Analysis of MQL-Assisted Machining of Al-Mg-Zr Alloy Using PCD Tool." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7321.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Materials
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Thermoplastic composite materials are emerging rapidly due to the flexibility of attaining customized mechanical and melt flow properties. Due to high ductility, toughness, recyclability, and thermal and electrical conductivity, there is ample scope of using copper particles in thermoplastics for 3d printing applications. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the Melt Flow Index (MFI), tensile strength, and electrical and thermal conductivity of nylon 6 and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) thermoplastics reinforced with copper particles. Thus, the experiments were conducted by adding different-sized copper particles (100 mesh, 200 mesh, and 400 mesh) in variable compositions (0% to 10%) to ABS and nylon 6 matrix. The impact of single, double, and triple particle-sized copper particles on MFI was experimentally investigated followed by FTIR and SEM analysis. Also, the tensile, electrical, and thermal conductivity testing were done on filament made by different compositions. In general, higher fluidity and mechanical strength were obtained while using smaller particles even with higher concentrations (up to 8%) due to improved bonding strength and adhesion between the molecular chains. Moreover, thermal and electrical conductivity was improved with an increase in concentration of copper particles.

ACS Style

Balwant Singh; Raman Kumar; Jasgurpreet Chohan; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Pruncu; Maria Scutaru; Radu Muntean. Investigations on Melt Flow Rate and Tensile Behaviour of Single, Double and Triple-Sized Copper Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Materials 2021, 14, 3504 .

AMA Style

Balwant Singh, Raman Kumar, Jasgurpreet Chohan, Sunpreet Singh, Catalin Pruncu, Maria Scutaru, Radu Muntean. Investigations on Melt Flow Rate and Tensile Behaviour of Single, Double and Triple-Sized Copper Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Materials. 2021; 14 (13):3504.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balwant Singh; Raman Kumar; Jasgurpreet Chohan; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Pruncu; Maria Scutaru; Radu Muntean. 2021. "Investigations on Melt Flow Rate and Tensile Behaviour of Single, Double and Triple-Sized Copper Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." Materials 14, no. 13: 3504.

Review article
Published: 05 June 2021 in Heliyon
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The global pandemic of COVID-19 has rapidly increased the number of infected cases as well as asymptomatic individuals in many, if not all the societies around the world. This issue increases the demand for accurate and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. While accurate and rapid detection is critical for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, the appropriate course of treatment must be chosen to help patients and prevent its further spread. Testing platform accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 is equally important for clinical, regional, and global arenas to mitigate secondary transmission rounds. The objective of this article is to compare the current detection technology and introduce the most accurate and rapid ones that are suitable for pandemic circumstances. Hence, the importance of rapid detection in societies is discussed initially. Following this, the current technology for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 is explained and classified into three different categories: nucleic acid-based, protein-based, and point of care (PoC) detection testing. Then, the current issues for diagnostic procedures in laboratories are discussed. Finally, the role of new technologies in countering COVID-19 is also introduced to assist researchers in the development of accurate and timely detection of coronaviruses. As coronavirus continues to affect human lives in a detrimental manner, the development of rapid and accurate virus detection methods could promote COVID-19 diagnosis accessible to both individuals and the mass population at patient care. In this regard, rRT-PCR and multiplex RT-PCR detection techniques hold promise.

ACS Style

Erfan Rezvani Ghomi; Fatemeh Khosravi; Ali Mohseni-M; Nooshin Nourbakhsh; Mahsa Haji Mohammad Hoseini; Sunpreet Singh; Mikael S. Hedenqvist; Seeram Ramakrishna. A collection of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) detection assays, issues, and challenges. Heliyon 2021, 7, e07247 -e07247.

AMA Style

Erfan Rezvani Ghomi, Fatemeh Khosravi, Ali Mohseni-M, Nooshin Nourbakhsh, Mahsa Haji Mohammad Hoseini, Sunpreet Singh, Mikael S. Hedenqvist, Seeram Ramakrishna. A collection of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) detection assays, issues, and challenges. Heliyon. 2021; 7 (6):e07247-e07247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erfan Rezvani Ghomi; Fatemeh Khosravi; Ali Mohseni-M; Nooshin Nourbakhsh; Mahsa Haji Mohammad Hoseini; Sunpreet Singh; Mikael S. Hedenqvist; Seeram Ramakrishna. 2021. "A collection of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) detection assays, issues, and challenges." Heliyon 7, no. 6: e07247-e07247.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Materials
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In recent years, the engineering implications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have progressed enormously due to their versatile characteristics. In particular, the role of CNTs in improving the tribological performances of various engineering materials is well documented in the literature. In this work, an investigation has been conducted to study the tribological behaviour of CNTs filled with glass-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites in dry sliding, oil-lubricated, and gaseous (argon) environments in comparison to unfilled GFRP composites. The tribological study has been conducted on hardened steel surfaces at different loading conditions. Further, the worn surfaces have been examined for a particular rate of wear. Field-emission scanning electron (FESEM) microscopy was used to observe wear behaviours. The results of this study explicitly demonstrate that adding CNTs to GFRP composites increases wear resistance while lowering friction coefficient in all sliding environments. This has also been due to the beneficial strengthening and self-lubrication properties caused by CNTs on GFRP composites, according to FESEM research.

ACS Style

Sandeep Agrawal; Nishant Singh; Rajeev Upadhyay; Gurminder Singh; Yashvir Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Pruncu. Effect of Different Lubricating Environment on the Tribological Performance of CNT Filled Glass Reinforced Polymer Composite. Materials 2021, 14, 2965 .

AMA Style

Sandeep Agrawal, Nishant Singh, Rajeev Upadhyay, Gurminder Singh, Yashvir Singh, Sunpreet Singh, Catalin Pruncu. Effect of Different Lubricating Environment on the Tribological Performance of CNT Filled Glass Reinforced Polymer Composite. Materials. 2021; 14 (11):2965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandeep Agrawal; Nishant Singh; Rajeev Upadhyay; Gurminder Singh; Yashvir Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Effect of Different Lubricating Environment on the Tribological Performance of CNT Filled Glass Reinforced Polymer Composite." Materials 14, no. 11: 2965.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Materials
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Ti-6Al-4V is an alloy that has a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is known as an alpha-beta titanium alloy with excellent corrosion resistance. This alloy has a wide range of applications, e.g., in the aerospace and biomedical industries. Examples of alpha stabilizers are aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon, which are added to titanium. Examples of beta stabilizers are titanium–iron, titanium–chromium, and titanium–manganese. Despite the exceptional properties, the processing of this titanium alloy is challenging when using conventional methods as it is quite a hard and tough material. Nonconventional methods are required to create intricate and complex geometries, which are difficult with the traditional methods. The present study focused on machining Ti-6Al-4V using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) and conducting numerous experiments to establish the machining parameters. The optimal setting of the machining parameters was predicted using a multiresponse optimization technique. Experiments were planned using the response surface methodology (RSM) technique and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance and contribution of the input parameters to changes in the output characteristics (cutting speed and surface roughness). The cutting speed obtained during the processing of the annealed titanium alloy using WEDM was quite large as compared to the cutting speed obtained in the case of processing the pure, quenched, and hardened titanium alloys using WEDM. The maximum cutting speed obtained while processing the annealed titanium alloy was 1.75 mm/min.

ACS Style

Nitin Gupta; Nalin Somani; Chander Prakash; Ranjit Singh; Arminder Walia; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Pruncu. Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy. Materials 2021, 14, 2292 .

AMA Style

Nitin Gupta, Nalin Somani, Chander Prakash, Ranjit Singh, Arminder Walia, Sunpreet Singh, Catalin Pruncu. Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy. Materials. 2021; 14 (9):2292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nitin Gupta; Nalin Somani; Chander Prakash; Ranjit Singh; Arminder Walia; Sunpreet Singh; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Revealing the WEDM Process Parameters for the Machining of Pure and Heat-Treated Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy." Materials 14, no. 9: 2292.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2021 in Materials
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Total knee replacement (TKR) is a remarkable achievement in biomedical science that enhances human life. However, human beings still suffer from knee-joint-related problems such as aseptic loosening caused by excessive wear between articular surfaces, stress-shielding of the bone by prosthesis, and soft tissue development in the interface of bone and implant due to inappropriate selection of TKR material. The choice of most suitable materials for the femoral component of TKR is a critical decision; therefore, in this research paper, a hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tactic is applied using the degree of membership (DoM) technique with a varied system, using the weighted sum method (WSM), the weighted product method (WPM), the weighted aggregated sum product assessment method (WASPAS), an evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), and a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The weights of importance are assigned to different criteria by the equal weights method (EWM). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the solidity of the projected tactic. The weights of importance are varied using the entropy weights technique (EWT) and the standard deviation method (SDM). The projected hybrid MCDM methodology is simple, reliable and valuable for a conflicting decision-making environment.

ACS Style

Raman Kumar; Rohit Dubey; Sehijpal Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Grzegorz Królczyk; Roman Chudy. Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component. Materials 2021, 14, 2084 .

AMA Style

Raman Kumar, Rohit Dubey, Sehijpal Singh, Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Yadaiah Nirsanametla, Grzegorz Królczyk, Roman Chudy. Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component. Materials. 2021; 14 (8):2084.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raman Kumar; Rohit Dubey; Sehijpal Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Grzegorz Królczyk; Roman Chudy. 2021. "Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component." Materials 14, no. 8: 2084.

Correction
Published: 13 April 2021 in Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
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ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Gurminder Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; H. Y. Zheng; Seeram Ramakrishna; Roger Narayan. Correction to: Mechanical Reliability and In Vitro Bioactivity of 3D-Printed Porous Polylactic Acid-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 2021, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Gurminder Singh, Sunpreet Singh, Linda Yongling Wu, H. Y. Zheng, Seeram Ramakrishna, Roger Narayan. Correction to: Mechanical Reliability and In Vitro Bioactivity of 3D-Printed Porous Polylactic Acid-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2021; ():1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Gurminder Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; H. Y. Zheng; Seeram Ramakrishna; Roger Narayan. 2021. "Correction to: Mechanical Reliability and In Vitro Bioactivity of 3D-Printed Porous Polylactic Acid-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance , no. : 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The use of dental hand pieces endanger dentists to vibration exposure as they are subjected to very high amplitude and vibration frequency. This paper has envisaged a comparative analysis of vibration amplitudes and transmissibility during idling and drilling with micro motor (MM) and air-turbine (AT) hand pieces. The study aims to identify the mean difference in vibration amplitudes during idling, explore different grasp forces while drilling with irrigant injection by the dentist, and various vibration transmission of these hand pieces. The study utilized 22 separate frequency resonances on two new and eight used MMs and two new and eight used ATs of different brands by observing the investigator at 16 different dentist clinics. The study adopted a descriptive research design with non–probability sampling techniques for selecting dentists and hand pieces. Statistical methods like Levene Test of Homogeneity, Welch ANOVA, independent t-test, and Games–Howell test were utilized with SPSS version 22 and MS-Excel. The results reveal that vibration amplitudes and vibration transmissibility when measured at position 2 are higher than in another position 1. Vibrations during idling for used MMs are more than AT hand pieces, and the used MM (MUD) and used AT (AUA) hand pieces differ due to their obsolescence and over-usage. Vibration amplitudes increase every time with the tightening of grasping of the hand piece. Vibration amplitudes for each grasping style of MM hand piece differ from all other grasping styles of AT hand pieces. Routine exposure to consistent vibrations has ill physical, mental, and psychological effects on dentists. The used hand pieces more hazardous as compared to newer ones. The study suggests that these hand pieces must be replaced periodically, sufficient to break between two operations, especially after every hand piece usage. Hence, the present research work can be further extended by creating some control groups among dentists and then studying the vibration amplitude exposure of various dental hand pieces and subsequent transmissibility to their body parts.

ACS Style

Harish Banga; Pankaj Goel; Raman Kumar; Vikas Kumar; Parveen Kalra; Sehijpal Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Catalin Pruncu. Vibration Exposure and Transmissibility on Dentist’s Anatomy: A Study of Micro Motors and Air-Turbines. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4084 .

AMA Style

Harish Banga, Pankaj Goel, Raman Kumar, Vikas Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Sehijpal Singh, Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Catalin Pruncu. Vibration Exposure and Transmissibility on Dentist’s Anatomy: A Study of Micro Motors and Air-Turbines. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):4084.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Harish Banga; Pankaj Goel; Raman Kumar; Vikas Kumar; Parveen Kalra; Sehijpal Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Vibration Exposure and Transmissibility on Dentist’s Anatomy: A Study of Micro Motors and Air-Turbines." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4084.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2021 in Materials
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In the present research work, an effort has been made to explore the potential of using the adhesive tapes while drilling CFRPs. The input parameters, such as drill bit diameter, point angle, Scotch tape layers, spindle speed, and feed rate have been studied in response to thrust force, torque, circularity, diameter error, surface roughness, and delamination occurring during drilling. It has been found that the increase in point angle increased the delamination, while increase in Scotch tape layers reduced delamination. The surface roughness decreased with the increase in drill diameter and point angle, while it increased with the speed, feed rate, and tape layer. The best low roughness was obtained at 6 mm diameter, 130° point angle, 0.11 mm/rev feed rate, and 2250 rpm speed at three layers of Scotch tape. The circularity error initially increased with drill bit diameter and point angle, but then decreased sharply with further increase in the drill bit diameter. Further, the circularity error has non-linear behavior with the speed, feed rate, and tape layer. Low circularity error has been obtained at 4 mm diameter, 118° point angle, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate, and 2500 RPM speed at three layers of Scotch tape. The low diameter error has been obtained at 6 mm diameter, 130° point angle, 0.12 mm/rev feed rate, and 2500 rpm speed at three layer Scotch tape. From the optical micro-graphs of drilled holes, it has been found that the point angle is one of the most effective process parameters that significantly affects the delamination mechanism, followed by Scotch tape layers as compared to other parameters such as drill bit diameter, spindle speed, and feed rate.

ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Yu Dong; Sujan Debnath; Subramaniam Shankar; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Wu; Hongyu Zheng. Investigating the Efficacy of Adhesive Tape for Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers. Materials 2021, 14, 1699 .

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Alokesh Pramanik, Animesh Basak, Yu Dong, Sujan Debnath, Subramaniam Shankar, Sunpreet Singh, Linda Wu, Hongyu Zheng. Investigating the Efficacy of Adhesive Tape for Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers. Materials. 2021; 14 (7):1699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Yu Dong; Sujan Debnath; Subramaniam Shankar; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Wu; Hongyu Zheng. 2021. "Investigating the Efficacy of Adhesive Tape for Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers." Materials 14, no. 7: 1699.

Technical paper
Published: 20 March 2021 in Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering
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The present study investigated a hybrid electrical discharge machining (h-EDM) process for producing functionally graded titanium surface. Herein, a stream of hydroxyapatite/titanium oxide abrasive slurry jet has been supplied, through a specially designed tool, to the ionized zone created by the EDM process, and the abrasive particles were finally directed towards the melted region of titanium through ultrasonically produced kinetic energy. The finally produced functionally graded surfaces have been characterized through microscopic analysis to assess the efficacy of the as-produced surfaces. The results highlighted that the abrasive particles have been successfully embedded into the surfaces. The proposed hybrid technology could be used for various engineering applications, including automotive and biomedical sectors.

ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; H. Y. Zheng; Grzegorz Królczyk. Functional grading of surfaces through hybrid ultrasonic, abrasive water jet, and electric discharge machining processing. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2021, 43, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Linda Yongling Wu, H. Y. Zheng, Grzegorz Królczyk. Functional grading of surfaces through hybrid ultrasonic, abrasive water jet, and electric discharge machining processing. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 2021; 43 (4):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; H. Y. Zheng; Grzegorz Królczyk. 2021. "Functional grading of surfaces through hybrid ultrasonic, abrasive water jet, and electric discharge machining processing." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 43, no. 4: 1-8.

Article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
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The study aimed to investigate the mechanical reliability and in vitro bioactivity of the three-dimensional (3D) printed hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) porous scaffolds. The experiments have been performed to study the effect of HA wt.% in PLA matrix, infill density, and post-printing thermal-stimulus on the flexural and compressive strength. Next to this, the best combination of input parameters, in-response of the observed mechanical properties, was determined to print the test specimens for the analysis of reliability, through Weibull distribution. Further, the fracture morphology of the developed PLA/HA porous scaffolds has been investigated, using scanning electron microscopy, to observe the involved fracture mechanism. Moreover, the in vitro cell-culture with osteoblastic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-lines has been studied after 1, 3, and 7 days of seeding. The results of the study highlighted that the processing parameters have a strong impact on the mechanical properties of the 3D printed porous scaffolds. Further, the in vitro analysis showed excellent growth, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoplastic cells. Along with these, the result of the Weibull distribution advocated that the printed porous scaffolds are mechanically reliable. Overall, the present study unequivocally advocates that the 3D printed PLA/HA scaffold can be used for potential tissue engineering and biomedical applications.

ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Gurminder Singh; Sunpreet Singh; W. L. Linda; H. Y. Zheng; Seeram Ramakrishna; Roger Narayan. Mechanical Reliability and In Vitro Bioactivity of 3D-Printed Porous Polylactic Acid-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Gurminder Singh, Sunpreet Singh, W. L. Linda, H. Y. Zheng, Seeram Ramakrishna, Roger Narayan. Mechanical Reliability and In Vitro Bioactivity of 3D-Printed Porous Polylactic Acid-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Gurminder Singh; Sunpreet Singh; W. L. Linda; H. Y. Zheng; Seeram Ramakrishna; Roger Narayan. 2021. "Mechanical Reliability and In Vitro Bioactivity of 3D-Printed Porous Polylactic Acid-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2021 in Materials
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Investigation of the selective laser melting (SLM) process, using finite element method, to understand the influences of laser power and scanning speed on the heat flow and melt-pool dimensions is a challenging task. Most of the existing studies are focused on the study of thin layer thickness and comparative study of same materials under different manufacturing conditions. The present work is focused on comparative analysis of thermal cycles and complex melt-pool behavior of a high layer thickness multi-layer laser additive manufacturing (LAM) of pure Titanium (Ti) and Inconel 718. A transient 3D finite-element model is developed to perform a quantitative comparative study on two materials to examine the temperature distribution and disparities in melt-pool behaviours under similar processing conditions. It is observed that the layers are properly melted and sintered for the considered process parameters. The temperature and melt-pool increases as laser power move in the same layer and when new layers are added. The same is observed when the laser power increases, and opposite is observed for increasing scanning speed while keeping other parameters constant. It is also found that Inconel 718 alloy has a higher maximum temperature than Ti material for the same process parameter and hence higher melt-pool dimensions.

ACS Style

Sapam Ningthemba Singh; Sohini Chowdhury; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Anil Kumar Deepati; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; Hongyu Y. Zheng; Catalin Pruncu. A Comparative Analysis of Laser Additive Manufacturing of High Layer Thickness Pure Ti and Inconel 718 Alloy Materials Using Finite Element Method. Materials 2021, 14, 876 .

AMA Style

Sapam Ningthemba Singh, Sohini Chowdhury, Yadaiah Nirsanametla, Anil Kumar Deepati, Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Linda Yongling Wu, Hongyu Y. Zheng, Catalin Pruncu. A Comparative Analysis of Laser Additive Manufacturing of High Layer Thickness Pure Ti and Inconel 718 Alloy Materials Using Finite Element Method. Materials. 2021; 14 (4):876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sapam Ningthemba Singh; Sohini Chowdhury; Yadaiah Nirsanametla; Anil Kumar Deepati; Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Linda Yongling Wu; Hongyu Y. Zheng; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "A Comparative Analysis of Laser Additive Manufacturing of High Layer Thickness Pure Ti and Inconel 718 Alloy Materials Using Finite Element Method." Materials 14, no. 4: 876.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Conventional investment casting (IC) process, despite being one of the highly precise manufacturing processes, is suffering from key intrinsic problems, including acquisitions of the enormous resources and specialized machine tools, long production runs, and dedicated workforce. However, additive manufacturing (AM) could be a viable solution to assist the IC process in dealing with the aforementioned issues as well as to refurbish its environmental sustainability. The present research work aims to compare the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of conventional and AM assisted IC processes for producing aluminium castings. Particularly, the emphases have been made on comparing the production cycle times, cost, specific energy consumption, and carbon footprints. Along with this, the quality characteristics of as-cast aluminium specimens have been compared for conceptual validity. The results of the study indicated that the use of AM technology has not only curbed the acquisition of the resources and eliminated the necessity of specialized machine tools, but also has reduced the production cycle time, processing cost, specific energy consumption, and carbon emissions by about 19%, 93%, 70%, and 71%, respectively. Overall, the AM assisted IC process has been observed as a rapid, cost-effective, environmentally sustainable process for the job production run.

ACS Style

Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Harishankar Kopperi; Seeram Ramakrihna; S. Venkata Mohan. Comparative job production based life cycle assessment of conventional and additive manufacturing assisted investment casting of aluminium: A case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 289, 125164 .

AMA Style

Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, Harishankar Kopperi, Seeram Ramakrihna, S. Venkata Mohan. Comparative job production based life cycle assessment of conventional and additive manufacturing assisted investment casting of aluminium: A case study. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 289 ():125164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chander Prakash; Sunpreet Singh; Harishankar Kopperi; Seeram Ramakrihna; S. Venkata Mohan. 2020. "Comparative job production based life cycle assessment of conventional and additive manufacturing assisted investment casting of aluminium: A case study." Journal of Cleaner Production 289, no. : 125164.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Materials
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The present work explores the potential of magneto-rheological fluid assisted abrasive finishing (MRF-AF) for obtaining precise surface topography of an in-house developed β-phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr (TNTZ) alloy for orthopedic applications. Investigations have been made to study the influence of the concentration of carbonyl iron particles (CIP), rotational speed (Nt), and working gap (Gp) in response to material removal (MR) and surface roughness (Ra) of the finished sample using a design of experimental technique. Further, the corrosion performance of the finished samples has also been analyzed through simulated body fluid (SBF) testing. It has been found that the selected input process parameters significantly influenced the observed MR and Ra values at 95% confidence level. Apart from this, it has been found that Gp and Nt exhibited the maximum contribution in the optimized values of the MR and Ra, respectively. Further, the corrosion analysis of the finished samples specified that the resistance against corrosion is a direct function of the surface finish. The morphological analysis of the corroded morphologies indicated that the rough sites of the implant surface have provided the nuclei for corrosion mechanics that ultimately resulted in the shredding of the appetite layer. Overall results highlighted that the MRF-AF is a potential technique for obtaining nano-scale finishing of the high-strength β-phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy.

ACS Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Rajasekhara Shabadi; Grzegorz Królczyk; Marta Bogdan-Chudy; Atul Babbar. Magneto-Rheological Fluid Assisted Abrasive Nanofinishing of β-Phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy: Parametric Appraisal and Corrosion Analysis. Materials 2020, 13, 5156 .

AMA Style

Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Alokesh Pramanik, Animesh Basak, Rajasekhara Shabadi, Grzegorz Królczyk, Marta Bogdan-Chudy, Atul Babbar. Magneto-Rheological Fluid Assisted Abrasive Nanofinishing of β-Phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy: Parametric Appraisal and Corrosion Analysis. Materials. 2020; 13 (22):5156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Alokesh Pramanik; Animesh Basak; Rajasekhara Shabadi; Grzegorz Królczyk; Marta Bogdan-Chudy; Atul Babbar. 2020. "Magneto-Rheological Fluid Assisted Abrasive Nanofinishing of β-Phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy: Parametric Appraisal and Corrosion Analysis." Materials 13, no. 22: 5156.

Short communication
Published: 04 August 2020 in Materials Letters
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The current work presents the nano-finishing of high strength β-type Ti-35Nb-7Ta-5Zr (β-TNTZ) alloy through magnetorheological (MR) fluid assisted magnetic abrasive finishing (MR-MAF) for required orthopedic applications, especially knee and acetabular cup. The β-TNTZ alloy developed using the vacuum arc melting process was subjected to a three-stage heat-treatment process, including heating, cryogenic solution quenching, and aging, to attain the suitable mechanical properties. The morphological analysis of the heat-treated alloy indicated the formation of ‘β’, ‘α’ and nanostructured ‘ω’ phases that obtained high compressive strength and surface hardness as 1195 MPa and 515HV, respectively. Further, the MR-MAF processing of the heat-treated β-TNTZ alloy has resulted in attaining ultra-precision finishing in the range of 9 nm, which can reduce friction and improve the trobological performance of implants.

ACS Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash. Effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and finishability of β-TNTZ alloy for orthopedic applications. Materials Letters 2020, 278, 128461 .

AMA Style

Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash. Effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and finishability of β-TNTZ alloy for orthopedic applications. Materials Letters. 2020; 278 ():128461.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash. 2020. "Effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and finishability of β-TNTZ alloy for orthopedic applications." Materials Letters 278, no. : 128461.

Research article
Published: 25 June 2020 in Polymer Composites
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The shape memory polymers have attained huge attention as smart materials owing to their enormous benefits in the context of the common class of thermoplastics. In this study, novel thermal‐stimulus‐based hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds have been developed through three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology. Initially, the effect of various processing parameters, such as the proportion of HA in PLA and infill density, and level of stimulating temperature, on tensile, flexural, and compression strength of the developed composite scaffolds have been studied to understand their effects, through statistically assisted single and multiobjective optimization techniques. The shape recovery factor of the prestrained composite scaffolds has been assessed by providing thermal‐stimulus. Finally, the biological performance of the developed scaffolds has been evaluated through in vitro cell culture and wettability analysis. The morphological study of the composite scaffolds, at different stages, has been performed for understanding the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical, shape recovery effect, and biological responses. Overall, the results of the study highlighted that the 3D printed scaffolds possessed nearly 95.77% shape memory effect along with desirable mechanical, in vitro biocompatibility, and hydrophilic morphology suitable to be a potential candidate of fabricating customized biomedical devices with activated shape recovery abilities.

ACS Style

Gurminder Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Raman Kumar; RanVijay Kumar; Seeram Ramakrishna. Characterization of three‐dimensional printed thermal‐stimulus polylactic acid‐hydroxyapatite‐based shape memory scaffolds. Polymer Composites 2020, 41, 3871 -3891.

AMA Style

Gurminder Singh, Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Raman Kumar, RanVijay Kumar, Seeram Ramakrishna. Characterization of three‐dimensional printed thermal‐stimulus polylactic acid‐hydroxyapatite‐based shape memory scaffolds. Polymer Composites. 2020; 41 (9):3871-3891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gurminder Singh; Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Raman Kumar; RanVijay Kumar; Seeram Ramakrishna. 2020. "Characterization of three‐dimensional printed thermal‐stimulus polylactic acid‐hydroxyapatite‐based shape memory scaffolds." Polymer Composites 41, no. 9: 3871-3891.

Short communication
Published: 23 June 2020 in Technology in Society
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Indeed, the scientific milestones set by the ever-emerging three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies are tremendous. Till now, the innovative 3DP technologies have benefitted the aerospace, automobile, textile, pharmaceutical, and biomedical sectors by developing pre-requisite designed and customized performance standards of the end-user products. As the scientific world, at this moment, is expediting efforts to fight against the highly damaging novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the 3DP technologies are facilitating creative solutions in terms of personal protective equipment (PPE), medical equipment (such as ventilators and other respiratory devices), and other health and welfare tools to aid the personal hygiene as well as safe environment for humans by restricting the communication of risks. Various sources (including journal articles, news articles, white papers of the government and other non-profit organizations, commercial enterprises, as well as academic institutions have been reviewed for the collection of the information relevant to COVID-19 and 3DP. This communication presents the recent applications of the 3DP technologies aiding in developing innovative products designed to save the lives of millions of people around the world. Moreover, the potential of 3DP technologies in developing test swabs and controlled medicines has been highlighted. The literature reviewed in the present study indicated that the fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most preferred technologies and contribute about 62% in the overall production of the protective gears developed through overall class of 3DP.

ACS Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Seeram Ramakrishna. Three-dimensional printing in the fight against novel virus COVID-19: Technology helping society during an infectious disease pandemic. Technology in Society 2020, 62, 101305 .

AMA Style

Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Seeram Ramakrishna. Three-dimensional printing in the fight against novel virus COVID-19: Technology helping society during an infectious disease pandemic. Technology in Society. 2020; 62 ():101305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Seeram Ramakrishna. 2020. "Three-dimensional printing in the fight against novel virus COVID-19: Technology helping society during an infectious disease pandemic." Technology in Society 62, no. : 101305.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in Surface and Coatings Technology
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This research work presents the deposition of titanium oxide (TiO2) reinforced hydroxyapatite (HA) on Ti-35Nb-7Ta-5Zr alloy by plasma spray deposition technique for Hip-stem application. The effect of TiO2 reinforcement (15 and 30 wt%) in HA has been studied on coatings morphology, microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and in-vitro bioactivity was investigated. The microstructure, elemental composition, and phase composition were characterized by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The morphology analysis showed that of HA-coating contains micro-cracks and splats like structure with large globules. The reinforcement of TiO2 in HA improved the microstructure, prevents the formation of micro-cracks, and formed a dense structure. The cross-section morphology shows that HA-15%TiO2 (HA-Tx) and HA-30%TiO2 (HA-Ty) coatings (thickness 185–200 μm) were mechanically bonded with the substrate as compared HA-coatings, that helps in enhancing implant stability. Results also show that microhardness and adhesion strength of HA/TiO2 coatings improved with the reinforcement of TiO2 and HA-30%TiO2 possessed high micro-hardness and adhesion strength (1.35 GPa and 32.5 MPa) in comparison with HA-coating (0.63 GPa and 18.5 MPa). The electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results show that HA-TiO2 coatings contain HA and TiO2 phases that prevent the formation of amorphous contents. In contrast, HA-coating contains amorphous content (CaO, β-TCP, and TTCP). The HA-TiO2 coatings exhibit excellent corrosion resistance as compared to HA-coating because of the presence of TiO2 lamellar structure in the HA matrix that acted as a barrier to corrosion and improves the corrosion resistance. The TiO2 reinforcement in HA/TiO2 coating not only increase the corrosion resistance but also help in promoting chemical integration of MG-63 osteoblastic cellular structure through the formation of apatite on the surface of the implant. Furthermore, the in-vitro bioactivity analysis results showed that Mg-63 osteoblastic cells have excellent adhesion and growth on the HA-30%TiO2 coated substrates.

ACS Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Harjit Singh. Deposition of HA-TiO2 by plasma spray on β-phase Ti-35Nb-7Ta-5Zr alloy for hip stem: Characterization, mechanical properties, corrosion, and in-vitro bioactivity. Surface and Coatings Technology 2020, 398, 126072 .

AMA Style

Sunpreet Singh, Chander Prakash, Harjit Singh. Deposition of HA-TiO2 by plasma spray on β-phase Ti-35Nb-7Ta-5Zr alloy for hip stem: Characterization, mechanical properties, corrosion, and in-vitro bioactivity. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2020; 398 ():126072.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunpreet Singh; Chander Prakash; Harjit Singh. 2020. "Deposition of HA-TiO2 by plasma spray on β-phase Ti-35Nb-7Ta-5Zr alloy for hip stem: Characterization, mechanical properties, corrosion, and in-vitro bioactivity." Surface and Coatings Technology 398, no. : 126072.