Chronic pain constitutes one of the most common chronic complaints that people experience. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain, chronic pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs longer than 3 months. Chronic pain has a significant impact on individuals’ well-being and psychosocial health and the economy of healthcare systems as well. Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic modalities, treatment of chronic pain can be challenging. Only about 30% of individuals with non-cancer chronic pain achieve improvement from standard pharmacological treatment. Therefore, numerous therapeutic approaches were proposed as a potential treatment for chronic pain including non-opioid pharmacological agents, nerve blocks, acupuncture, cannabidiol, stem cells, exosomes, and neurostimulation techniques. Although some neurostimulation methods such as spinal cord stimulation were successfully introduced into clinical practice as a therapy for chronic pain, the current evidence for brain stimulation efficacy in the treatment of chronic pain remains unclear. Hence, this narrative literature review aimed to give an up-to-date overview of brain stimulation methods, including deep brain stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, and reduced impedance non-invasive cortical electrostimulation as a potential treatment for chronic pain.

Corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for corneal blindness. Standard planned keratoplasties have a high success rate. Conditions such as active inflammation at the time of surgery, the presence of ocular surface disease, previous graft disease, or neovascularization make them more susceptible to rejection. These are so-called high-risk corneal transplantations. In our study, we selected 52 patients with a higher risk of graft rejection. A total of 78 procedures were performed. The main indications for the first keratoplasty were infections (59.6%) and traumas (21.2%). Visual acuity (VA) significantly improved from 2.05 logMAR on the day of keratoplasty to 1.66 logMAR in the latest examination (p = 0.003). An analysis of the graft survival showed a 1-year survival of 54% and a 5-year survival of 19.8% of grafts. The mean observation time without complications after the first, second, and third surgery was 23, 13, and 14 months, respectively. The best results were noted among patients with infectious indications for keratoplasty (p = 0.001). Among them, those with bacterial infection had the best visual outcomes (p = 0.047).

Background: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of active endometrium outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the pelvis. It affects an estimated 10-15% of women of childbearing age and is often associated with infertility, chronic pelvic pain, painful menstruation, and dyspareunia. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, the cause of endometriosis remains unclear, and the available treatment methods have many limitations. Aim: This article aims to review current developments in endometriosis treatment, with a focus on new therapeutic strategies involving targeted therapies, nanoparticles and stem cells. Methods: An analysis of the latest (2015-2025) literature from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted to synthesize the available information. Search terms included combinations of “Endometriosis treatment,” “pathogenesis of Endometriosis,” “an update on Endometriosis,” “new therapeutics in Endometriosis,” and “immunotherapy in Endometriosis,” “stem cells and the Endometrium.” Results: In recent years, there has been significant progress in developing targeted therapies that modulate specific signaling pathways, hormone receptors, inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenesis within endometrial lesions. Concurrently, the importance of nanotechnology in medicine, particularly in the context of precision drug delivery using nanoparticles, is growing. Additionally, regenerative therapies using stem cells are receiving increasing attention. These therapies offer the potential to repair damaged tissues and modulate the immune response. Conclusion: Although preliminary studies are promising, the introduction of these innovative therapies requires further multi-center studies and evaluation of safety and cost. The integration of targeted therapies, nanotechnology and stem cells along with modern molecular diagnostics may soon revolutionize the treatment of endometriosis. This will pave the way for more effective and less invasive methods to improve patients' quality of life.

Background: Depression is a widespread mental disorder affecting approximately 280 million people worldwide. While pharmacological treatments and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are considered first-line interventions, there has been growing interest in recent years in complementary, non-pharmacological therapies, such as Dance Movement Therapy (DMT), which offers a holistic, body-centered approach to improving mental health outcomes. Aim: This review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the effectiveness of Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) in the treatment of depression. It seeks to understand the mechanisms through which DMT exerts its effects and to identify specific populations that may benefit most from this intervention. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, covering the years 2015 to 2025. Results: DMT has demonstrated positive effects on depressive symptoms across various populations. Improvements were noted not only in mood but also in cognitive functioning, physical health, interpersonal relationships, and emotional regulation. While effect sizes varied, consistent within-group improvements and high adherence rates were observed. Conclusion: DMT is a safe, engaging, and potentially effective adjunctive treatment for depression, especially when personalized and delivered by trained professionals. Its multicausal mechanism of action makes it a valuable tool in the integrative treatment of depressive disorders. Further high-quality, randomized studies are needed to establish standardized clinical guidelines.

Background: Dengue is a global threat expanding its geographic reach and spreading to a growing world population. Up to 3 billion people are at risk. Dengue virus infection can be asymptomatic or sparse, but can also cause dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Aim: The purpose of this article is to highlight the challenges of effective treatment, multi-pronged prevention and safe immunoprophylaxis of dengue virus. Methods: A review of scientific articles published on PubMed and Google Scholar from 2020 to 2025. Results: Due to the number and complexity of dengue serotypes, as well as the antibody-dependent amplification mechanism characteristic of this virus, creating a universal, effective and safe vaccine is a difficult task. It is all the more important because of the lack of specific treatment, which is so necessary in the case of a severe course of the disease in the form of hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome. It is also necessary to control vectors through chemical, biological and environmental methods. Conclusion: Dengue is now a serious global public health threat that requires urgent action. Key areas for further research and development include a better understanding of pathogenesis, especially in the context of symptomatic DENV infections, and increased work on a variety of treatment and control options, as well as the development of a universal, safe and effective vaccine. The ultimate goal is to reduce the threat of the disease worldwide.

Introduction and aim: Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, remain highly challenging due to their progressive course and lack of disease-modifying therapies. Stem cell-based strategies are increasingly investigated for their potential in neuroregeneration, immunomodulation and functional recovery. This study aims to summarize current evidence on stem cell applications in neurodegenerative diseases based on recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Material and methods: A structured literature search was performed in PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar using the terms “stem cells,” “neurodegenerative diseases,” “clinical trials,” “systematic review,” and “meta-analysis.” Eligible publications included English-language systematic reviews and human studies from 2015–2025. Over 30 relevant sources were analyzed by disease type and stem cell modality. Results: Most studies report a favorable safety profile, particularly with mesenchymal (MSC), neural (NSC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Clinical trials in Parkinson’s disease demonstrated measurable motor improvements, while applications in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries showed immunomodulatory and functional benefits. Evidence in Alzheimer’s disease and ALS remains limited and preliminary. Across conditions, heterogeneity of methods and small sample sizes reduce generalizability. Conclusions: Stem cell therapy shows promise as an innovative approach in neurodegenerative disorders, though it remains experimental. Encouraging early outcomes highlight the need for large-scale, standardized and long-term trials to confirm efficacy, optimize protocols and ensure safety. Stem cells may become central to neuroregenerative medicine, but they are not yet ready for routine clinical use.