A set of national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) was established in Malaysia for a range of breast thicknesses in 2013, but no updates for full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Due to the increasing number of DBTs used and concern over radiation exposure, this study aimed to explore and establish local diagnostic reference levels for FFDM and DBT in Malaysia health facilities at different compressed breast thickness (CBT) ranges. The CBT, kilovoltage peak (kVp), Entrance surface dose (ESD), and average glandular dose (AGD) were retrospectively extracted from the mammography Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) header. The 75th and 95th percentile values were obtained for the AGD distribution of each mammography projection for three sets of CBT range. The difference in AGD values between FFDM and DBT at three CBT ranges was determined. The DRLs for FFDM were 1.13 mGy, 1.52 mGy, and 2.87 mGy, while DBT were 1.18 mGy, 1.88 mGy, and 2.78 mGy at CBT ranges of 20–39 mm, 40–59 mm, and 60–99 mm, respectively. The AGD of DBT was significantly higher than FFDM for both mammographic views (p < 0.005). All three CBT groups showed a significant difference in AGD values for FFDM and DBT (p < 0.005). The local DRLs from this study were lower than the national DRLs, with the AGD of FFDM significantly lower than DBT.

A Learning Management System (LMS) is a virtual interactive medium that modernize the classic classroom interaction in the higher education system. It allows instructors and students to share instructional materials, make class announcements, submit and return course assignments, and communicate with each other online. In KPJ Healthcare University College, Department of Medical Imaging under school of Health Sciences was the first unit that has used LMS actively since 2013. The aim of the study is to determine the perception of Medical Imaging lecturers and scholars on LMS implementation before this system is fully utilized by the university. Using a descriptive study, 200 participants were randomly selected to answer the questionnaire via Google form and 93% responded. Analysis such as frequencies, percentage and statistical analysis were conducted. The results showed that most of the lecturers and scholars have a positive perception on the system implemented. Implication of the results and future improvement are also presented.

Education systems in Malaysia, especially higher education institutions, are currently based on blended learning. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted many sectors and education is not an exception. To ensure the continuity of learning, the government has suggested for e-learning to be practiced in all institutions. The study aimed to assess the challenges and perceptions of e-learning among the tertiary level students. A study was conducted through an online survey in a private institution in Malaysia from March to April 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the mean score of the challenges and perceptions. A total of 1,065 respondents participated in this study. Majority of the respondents (50.2%) had positive perceptions of e-learning as it was well supported. However, challenges on the Internet speed and quota affected the e-learning effectiveness. Thus, the strategies to improve instructional design on e-learning are necessary to develop more interactive activities and at the same time suits with low internet bandwidth.

Objective: Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is an early detection method of breast cancer. It is able to develop responsibility for breast health among women to always aware of any changes in the breast. Thus, secondary school girls age is the perfect age to start practice the BSE. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and awareness on BSE among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 secondary school girls using self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and knowledge and awareness of BSE. Results: The mean age of the participants is 14.9 ± 0.06 years. The majority of the participants were Malays (86.5%). A total of 6.1% of the participants had a family history of breast cancer. Nine percent of participants had a good knowledge and 91.0% had poor knowledge regarding BSE. There is a significant difference between the age of participants with the level of knowledge and awareness (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The knowledge and awareness of BSE were poor among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.

The decision on school reopening has evoked mixed reactions from parents as they become nervous regarding this action and are uncertain to send their children to school. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the teachers’ perspectives on the readiness and challenges of school reopening in Malaysia. A study was conducted through online interview sessions amongst 20 teachers for primary and secondary schools at Seremban district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia from October 2020 until February 2021. Data were coded into themes and sub-themes based on the similarities of the data. The respondents in this study agreed that they are ready for school reopening and fully follow the guidelines prepared by the Ministry of Education Malaysia such as checking body temperature, physical distancing inside and outside the classroom, enforcement of wearing mask and sanitize the area regularly. Undeniably, the teachers faced some challenges regarding new norms during school sessions. Therefore, to ensure that the students receive proper education, at the same time the measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 are followed properly, a few suggestions have been made. The cooperation from the teachers, parents and students are also needed to ensure and achieve the smoothness of school sessions.

Introduction: Smartphones with rapid advancement in telecommunication technology causing high usage leads to addiction, especially among youth. Concerning health, smartphone addiction influences posture causing neck-shoulder pain. However, the mechanism of how smartphone addiction causes pain related to posture control is still doubtful. Anticipatory feed-forward motor control mechanism has proposed that smartphone usage is a static low-level activity influenced by muscle fatigue and discomfort. Therefore, this study aimed to explore neck-shoulder muscle fatigue, particularly at the upper trapezius about smartphone addiction behaviors and adopted posture while using smartphones among youth. This study aims to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction, risk of posture and the relationship between trapezius muscle fatigue, and neck-shoulder pain among youth. Methods: A cross-sectional study design will be conducted through convenient sampling among students at secondary schools in Malaysia. The Smartphone Addiction Scale, Rapid Assessment Upper Limb, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Electromyogram will be used as outcomes tools. Discussion: This study investigates the risk of smartphones in terms of duration usage among adults. Fatigue over the upper trapezius muscle has not yet been investigated among youth which will provide fundamental findings on how faulty posture during smartphone usage might cause neck pain.