Agricultural price prediction is a hot research topic in the field of agriculture, and accurate prediction of agricultural prices is crucial to realize the sustainable and healthy development of agriculture. It explores traditional forecasting methods, intelligent forecasting methods, and combination model forecasting methods, and discusses the challenges faced in the current research landscape of agricultural commodity price prediction. The results of the study show that: (1) The use of combined models for agricultural product price forecasting is a future development trend, and exploring the combination principle of the models is a key to realize accurate forecasting; (2) the integration of the combination of structured data and unstructured variable data into the models for price forecasting is a future development trend; and (3) in the prediction of agricultural product prices, both the accuracy of the values and the precision of the trends should be ensured. This paper reviews and analyzes the methods of agricultural product price prediction and expects to provide some help for the development of research in this field.

The frequent and sharp fluctuations in garlic prices seriously affect the sustainable development of the garlic industry. Accurate prediction of garlic prices can facilitate correct evaluation and scientific decision making by garlic practitioners, thereby avoiding market risks and promoting the healthy development of the garlic industry. To improve the prediction accuracy of garlic prices, this paper proposes a garlic-price-prediction method based on a combination of long short-term memory (LSTM) and multiple generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH)-family models for the nonstationary and nonlinear characteristics of garlic-price series. Firstly, we obtain volatility characteristic information such as the volatility aggregation of garlic-price series by constructing GARCH-family models. Then, we leverage the LSTM model to learn the complex nonlinear relationships between the garlic-price series and the volatility characteristic information of the series, and predict the garlic price. We applied the proposed model to a real-world garlic dataset. The experimental results show that the prediction performance of the combined LSTM and GARCH-family model containing volatility characteristic information of garlic price is generally better than those of the separate models. The combined LSTM model incorporating GARCH and PGARCH models (LSTM-GP) had the best performance in predicting garlic price in terms of evaluation indexes, such as mean absolute error, root mean-square error, and mean absolute percentage error. The combined model of LSTM-GARCH provides the best results in garlic price prediction and can provide support for garlic price prediction.