In recent years, vital signals monitoring in sports and health have been considered the research focus in the field of wearable sensing technologies. Typical signals include bioelectrical signals, biophysical signals, and biochemical signals, which have applications in the fields of athletic training, medical diagnosis and prevention, and rehabilitation. In particular, since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a dramatic increase in real-time interest in personal health. This has created an urgent need for flexible, wearable, portable, and real-time monitoring sensors to remotely monitor these signals in response to health management. To this end, the paper reviews recent advances in flexible wearable sensors for monitoring vital signals in sports and health. More precisely, emerging wearable devices and systems for health and exercise-related vital signals (e.g., ECG, EEG, EMG, inertia, body movements, heart rate, blood, sweat, and interstitial fluid) are reviewed first. Then, the paper creatively presents multidimensional and multimodal wearable sensors and systems. The paper also summarizes the current challenges and limitations and future directions of wearable sensors for vital typical signal detection. Through the review, the paper finds that these signals can be effectively monitored and used for health management (e.g., disease prediction) thanks to advanced manufacturing, flexible electronics, IoT, and artificial intelligence algorithms; however, wearable sensors and systems with multidimensional and multimodal are more compliant.

This review focusses on UV organic light-emitting diodes and organic solid-state lasers, and covers their recent development from organic chromophores and device configuration to practical applications.

Improved efficiency and stability of the organic solar cells (OSCs) are the critical considerations for practical applications. The interface between the interlayer and bulk heterojunction has recently been shown as one of the weak links associated with the degradation in the nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based OSCs. It shows that the removal of the interfacial chemical reactions between the 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (INCN) moieties in NFA and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) hole extraction layer (HEL) is desired for enhancing the device stability. In this work, we show that the use of a bilayer MoO₃/antimonene HEL favors the operational stability in OSCs through maintaining a high built‐in potential and suppression of an undesired interfacial reaction between INCN moieties in NFA and the PEDOT structures in PEDOT:PSS. A power conversion efficiency of 16.68% is also obtained for the OSCs with a bilayer MoO₃/antimonene HEL, prepared using a blend system of PM6:Y6, demonstrating its suitability for high‐performance OSCs. image

Emerging organic resistive switching memory (ORSM) devices, in which active organic materials possess at least two stable resistance states have attracted considerable attention for their intriguing nonvolatile memory properties. Herein, solution-processed binary ORSM devices incorporating polymer donors (D) of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and small molecular acceptors (A) of 1,3-bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]benzene (OXD-7) were first investigated. By varying the blending concentration of OXD-7, we demonstrated concentration-dependent resistance switching. To further mediate the memory characteristics, acceptors of both OXD-7 and butylphenyl-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) were incorporated into PVK donors to form a D–A–A system. The 6 wt% PBD-based ORSM device presented ternary resistive memory characteristics with well-separated current ratios of 1 : 10 : 10⁴ between “OFF”, “ON1” and “ON2” states, while three conductivity states held for 10⁴ s as a function of the time. To unveil the resistive switching mechanism of non-volatile memories, a detailed analysis of electrical properties and intertrap charge transfer in D–A and D–A–A systems was also performed.