Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitor used to prevent rejection in allogeneic organ transplant recipients, such as kidney, liver, heart or lung. It is metabolized in the liver, involving the cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) isoform CYP3A4, and is characterized by a narrow therapeutic window, dose-dependent toxicity and high inter-individual and intra-individual variability. In view of the abovementioned facts, the aim of the study is to present selected interactions between tacrolimus and the commonly used dietary supplements, herbs and food. The review was based on the available scientific literature found in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. An increase in the serum concentration of tacrolimus can be caused by CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as grapefruit, pomelo, clementine, pomegranate, ginger and turmeric, revealing the side effects of this drug, particularly nephrotoxicity. In contrast, CYP3A4 inducers, such as St. John’s Wort, may result in a lack of therapeutic effect by reducing the drug concentration. Additionally, the use of Panax ginseng, green tea, Schisandra sphenanthera and melatonin in patients receiving tacrolimus is highly controversial. Therefore, since alternative medicine constitutes an attractive treatment option for patients, modern healthcare should emphasize the potential interactions between herbal medicines and synthetic drugs. In fact, each drug or herbal supplement should be reported by the patient to the physician (concordance) if it is taken in the course of immunosuppressive therapy, since it may affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of other preparations.

Complete blood count is one of the most common diagnostic methods used in everyday practice. Hormonal status is known to affect blood count parameters. The aim of this study is to summarize changes in blood count that may indicate endocrine disorders, based on a literature review. Red cell parameters deteriorate in thyroid disorders including autoimmune thyroiditis and tend to resolve with appropriate treatment implementation. The most frequent form of anaemia associated with thyroid dysfunction is normocytic anaemia. Macrocytic anaemia is more typical of autoimmune thyroiditis-induced hypothyroidism, while microcytic anaemia is more common in hyperthyroidism. Unexplained anaemia or an increase in red cell distribution width should prompt the investigation of thyroid disorders. Cushing's disease may manifest as an increase in white blood cells and platelets. In the blood smear, neutrophilia is often present, while lymphocytes and eosinophils may be within the lower normal range. Hypercortisolism may induce both hyperaemia and anaemia. In hypopituitarism, a decrease in red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and platelets is observed. Acromegaly may be accompanied by an increase in mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes. Testosterone deficiency is manifested by a decrease in red cell parameters, whereas hyperandrogenism may lead to polycythaemia. In polycystic ovary syndrome an increase in white blood cell count reflects an underlying inflammatory state. Complete blood count analysis is an easily available and cost-effective additional tool in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of endocrine disorders.

Forensic medical opinions serve the appropriate classification of a crime against health. Violence, a multifaceted phenomenon, requires forensic medical examination in the case of causing damage to health. Due to the effects caused by the perpetrator, the damage to health is divided into severe, medium, and light. This study analyzed 7689 incidents of violence from 2015–2020, taking place in the area subordinate to the Provincial Police Headquarters in Poznań, based on anonymized documentation of forensic medical examinations performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Poznań at the request of the Police and privately. The analysis took into account: units ordering the test, type of exposure, medical help, sex and age of the victim, places of the incident, classification and localization of injury, manner of impact, attitude of the perpetrator to the victim, profession of the victim, gender of the perpetrator, and remarks. In Poland, statistics on violence victims are underestimated, resulting from the low reporting of crimes committed to law enforcement authorities. There is a need for programs to educate the perpetrator of violence on methods of conflict resolution and programs to prevent violence, covering events taking place in public spaces.

Background/Objectives: Nowadays, the importance of educating and ensuring communication with patients is also emphasized in groups of patients undergoing anesthesia. The safety and quality of services provided to this group of patients may be related to the information received by them. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore the patients’ knowledge observed globally and discuss the potential influencing factors. Methods: This review was based on a search of PubMed using MeSH terms and keywords. Additionally, citation searching for relevant articles was performed. Results: The related literature illustrates high heterogeneity among studies with varying results. The knowledge concerning appropriate recognition of anesthesiologists as doctors ranged from 32,8% to 90.5%. However, most studies concluded that patients’ knowledge regarding anesthesia is poor. There was no homogenous pattern regarding the possible impact of age, sex, education, profession or previous anesthesia on patients’ knowledge. Patients’ most common concern was not waking up after anesthesia. The response to patients’ varying knowledge may be the use of educational aids including online alternatives. This approach limits the use of medical resources and may help to alleviate patients’ anxiety. Conclusions: Future studies may focus on a thorough analysis of knowledge in a representable population followed by an observation of aspects shaping the level of education. The precise influence of patients’ education on anesthesia outcomes is yet to be determined. However, further investigation may bring appropriate clinical guidance and help to ensure the best quality of anesthesia services is provided.