This study aimed to analyze the effects of multicomponent exercise training in older women with osteoporosis. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (number CRD42022331137). We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and CINHAL databases for randomized experimental trials that analyzed the effects of physical exercise on health-related variables in older women with osteoporosis. The risk of bias in the studies was verified using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Jadad scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 544 participants in the experimental group and 495 in the control group. The mean age of all participants was 68.4 years. The studies combined two to four different exercise types, including strength, aerobic, balance, flexibility, and/or functional fitness training. The practice of multicomponent training with an average of 27.2 weeks, 2.6 sessions per week, and 45 min per session showed improvements in strength, flexibility, quality of life, bone mineral density, balance, and functional fitness and reduced the risk of falls in older women with osteoporosis. Multicomponent training was shown to be effective in improving health-related variables in older women with osteoporosis.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of physical exercise on hepatic biomarkers in adult individuals. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA recommendations and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022337749). MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched, using the terms of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) “exercise”, “liver diseases”, and “biomarkers”. Results: Fourteen studies achieved eligibility with a total of 485 participants. Interventions ranged from 4 to 12 weeks, lasting 24 to 90 minutes per session, with 3 to 5 sessions per week. Interventions with aerobic and resistance exercises, with or without a vibration device and diet implementation, demonstrated a reduction in different hepatic biomarkers, such as aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), ferritin (Fe), and indirect bilirubin (Bil). The main results of the meta-analysis showed no significant difference in ALB, GGT, AST, and ALP. However, there was a significant difference in ALT (SMD: – 0.41; 95% CI: – 0.71 to -0.11; p = 0.008; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Physical exercise (e.g., resistance training, aerobic training, high-intensity interval training) favored the reduction of AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, ALB, Fe, and Bil. This study pointed out that the regular practice of physical exercise can be an efficient and recommended strategy to minimize the deleterious effects of liver diseases. Keywords: exercise; liver disease; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; biomarkers; resistance training; high-intensity interval training.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of taekwondo on health in elderly individuals. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA recommendations and registered on PROSPERO, as number CRD42021279561. The electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched, with the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms “martial arts” and “aged” and the alternative terms “taekwondo”, “elderly”, and “older”. We included studies that analysed the effects of taekwondo on health-related variables in older adults of both sexes. The risk of bias of the included experimental and quasi-experimental studies were analysed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, respectively. Results: Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. The interventions of the included studies ranged from 6 to 17 weeks, with 45 to 90 minutes per training session, and frequency from 3 to 5 times a week. The total sample number was 160 participants, with a predominance of females in the samples. After the taekwondo intervention, the protocols demonstrated improvement in muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and body composition. Conclusion: The investigated studies showed that taekwondo can effectively maintain health and develop physical qualities in the older population. Nevertheless, these findings should be considered preliminary due to the relatively small sample and heterogeneity of the interventions of the identified studies.

Fundamento: Analisar os métodos de exercício físico eficientes na melhoria dos níveis de densidade mineral óssea (DMO)/escore T em mulheres na pós-menopausa e desenvolver um modelo de prescrição de exercícios para mulheres com baixa DMO e/ou osteoporose. Métodos: Foram pesquisadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE (via PubMed), ScienceDirect, Web of Science e Scopus ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) que analisassem métodos de exercício físico que mostrassem eficiência para DMO em mulheres na pós-menopausa com baixa DMO e/ou osteoporose. Resultados: Nove ECRs foram selecionados. Os exercícios mais eficientes para melhorar a DMO foram o treinamento resistido, multicomponente, aeróbico e vibratório. O método menos eficaz foi o treinamento aquático (hidroginástica). Conclusão: Os exercícios em gravidade normal tiveram os melhores efeitos na DMO em comparação com aqueles realizados em gravidade reduzida. A frequência de treinamento apropriada deve ser 3 vezes por semana ou mais. O tempo de intervenção deve ser de cerca de 12 meses ou mais. A intensidade do treinamento deve estar entre moderada e alta. Além disso, a proposta de prescrição de exercícios relaciona a classificação do T-score, o nível de atividade física e o uso de medicamentos, além da anamnese, que considera as fraturas prévias dos pacientes e os fatores de risco para fraturas. Palavras-chave: Exercício, densidade óssea, osteoporose, pós-menopausa, envelhecimento.

Background: Cellular antioxidant activity and oxidative stress are assumed to be critical factors in the aging process. This study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on endogenous antioxidants in healthy older individuals. Design: The records were identified through searches in 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Bireme, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) in June 2024 for eligible randomized controlled trials that observed older individuals subjected to RT programs that reported endogenous antioxidant outcomes. The Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (ranging from 0 to 15) was used to verify the methodological quality of the studies. Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 676 healthy older individuals were included in the systematic review. Of these, 10 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that RT interventions did not have significant effects on improving catalase levels (standardized mean difference = 0.84; 95% CI, −0.61 to 2.29) or antioxidant activity (standardized mean difference = 0.28; 95% CI, −0.41 to 0.98). However, RT was associated with a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (mean difference = −0.16; 95% CI, −0.29 to −0.04) and glutathione peroxidase increased (standardized mean difference = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.01). Conclusions: Based on available evidence, the meta-analysis suggests potential improvement in glutathione peroxidase gene expression and reduction in gene expression of superoxide dismutase after the intervention physical activity intervention in healthy older individuals.