The environmental impact and associated health issues have been seen as a significant global challenge. Efforts have been made to make solar cookers efficient to reduce the health risk and environmental impact of traditional cooking energy supplies used in rural areas. The solar cookers effectiveness for cooking purposes must be assessed in a specific area before installation. In essence, this paper assesses the experimental efficiency of German Scheffler, small mirror pieces, and aluminum foil based solar cookers. The solar cookers performances are evaluated at international standards by analyzing the figure of merits such as standard cooking power, sensible heating time, and exergy efficiency by using 1.7652 kg water and 1-liter oil as a heating material. The regression analysis is also performed to observe experimental data compliance with regression line. The time required to attain a water temperature of 95˚C by German Scheffler and small mirror pieces is 25 min and 1 hour with their exergy efficiency of 48.51% and 19.16% respectively, while the aluminum foil solar cooker achieves maximum water temperature of 74˚C within 2 hours and 5 minutes with 13.47% exergy efficiency. Similarly, the highest oil temperature of 275˚C is observed for the German Scheffler solar cooker. From experimental and regression results, it is revealed that German Scheffler possesses more cooking power relative to other solar cookers and their performances are highly dependent on following factors such as solar radiations, ambient temperature, environment (dust particles concentration and wind speed), radiation reflective material, aperture area, and heat losses respectively.

There is an immense hydropower potential in Pakistan. To utilize those resources effectively, it’s compulsory to know about climate history that helps in hydropower project feasibility. For that, there is an assessment required of a specific site from a hydrology perspective i.e. water level or evaporation rate, where spatial data regarding different parameters such as precipitation and temperature is compulsory. Based on this, a climate downscaling technique is used in this paper that requires the input time series data sets of temperature and precipitation, based on 30 arc seconds and 0.5˚ resolution. A downscaled dataset has been generated by using time series input data sets of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) and Climate Research Unit (CRU) that are of 0.5˚ resolution. Along with such low-resolution datasets, a 30˚ high-resolution time series data sets of WorldClim are also used for temperature and precipitation. A downscaled historical (1950 - 2000) gridded data of precipitation and temperature for Pakistan is generated through the statistical climate downscaling technique to interpolate the coarse resolution data into fine spatial resolution data with the help of Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolation Polynomial (PCHIP) interpolation scheme. These downscaled historical precipitation and temperature data in ASCII format are programmed in MATLAB, defining the boundary region of Pakistan to calculate their average annual, seasonal, and monthly temperature and precipitation values. The average annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and temperature historical data are plotted for Pakistan using a spreadsheet generated in MATLAB. Such plotted data can be used in the prediction of water stream flow rate and evaporation rate by using hydrology models in the future that help in assessing the hydropower of the Pakistan before commencement of the hydro projects.