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At present, the disturbances like the voltage fluctuations, resulting from the grid’s complexities and unbalanced load conditions, create severe power quality concerns like total harmonic distortion (THD) and voltage unbalance factor (VUF) of the grid voltage. Though the custom power devices such as distribution-static compensators (D-STATCOMs) improve these power quality concerns, however, the accompanying controller plays the substantial role. Therefore, this paper proposes a fractional-order sliding mode control (FOSMC) for a D-STATCOM to compensate the low power distribution system by injecting/absorbing a specific extent of the reactive power under disturbances. FOSMC is a non-linear robust control in which the sliding surface is designed by using the Riemann-Liouville ( RL ) function and the chattering phenomenon is minimized by using the exponential reaching law. The stability of FOSMC is evidenced by employing the Lyapunov stability criteria. Moreover, the performance of the proposed FOSMC is further accessed while doing its parametric variations. The complete system is demonstrated with a model of 400V, 180kVA radial distributor along with D-STATCOM under two test scenarios in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results of the proposed controller are compared with the fixed frequency sliding mode control (FFSMC) and conventional proportional-integral (PI) control. The results validate the superiority of the proposed controller in terms of rapid tracking, fast convergence, and overall damping with very low THD and VUF.
Toqeer Ahmed; Asad Waqar; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Junaid Imtiaz; Manoharan Premkumar; Umashankar Subramaniam. Analysis of Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control in a D-STATCOM Integrated Power Distribution System. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 70337 -70352.
AMA StyleToqeer Ahmed, Asad Waqar, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Junaid Imtiaz, Manoharan Premkumar, Umashankar Subramaniam. Analysis of Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control in a D-STATCOM Integrated Power Distribution System. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():70337-70352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleToqeer Ahmed; Asad Waqar; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Junaid Imtiaz; Manoharan Premkumar; Umashankar Subramaniam. 2021. "Analysis of Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control in a D-STATCOM Integrated Power Distribution System." IEEE Access 9, no. : 70337-70352.
Microgrid is an ideal solution to many problems that exist in conventional electrical grids mainly electrical power reliability concerns. Power quality disturbances are of equal concern as power reliability since they have a direct impact on load's life and performance. Microgrid is unable to tackle power quality‐related problems in electrical grids without additional support. A unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is top‐ranked power quality compensation device; it minimizes the vulnerability toward power quality problems through its series and shunt compensators, which are connected via two voltage source converters (VSCs). However, the performance of UPQC mainly depends on the controllers directing the VSCs. In this article, the authors have proposed a new controller for microgrid connected UPQC, which controls the switching of VSCs of UPQC by taking the derivative of error at three different stages and then integrates it over time, while being supplemented by three gains, to improve its stability and performance toward power quality problems. The authors have also used fuzzy logic‐based sensing to trigger the switching of series or shunt compensators to condition any voltage sag/swell, voltage transients, current harmonics, current unbalance, and voltage unbalance problem. The stability assessment of proposed controller has been carried out by using Lyapunov stability criteria and bode plots. The performance has been analyzed through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment on a 400 V, 5.63 kVA LV distribution system. The results have been compared with the classical PI controller and validate that the proposed controller gives a better performance in terms of considered power quality problems like voltage sag/swell, transients and current unbalances and harmonics. The total harmonic distortion with the proposed controller has been reduced to 3.32%. Furthermore, as compared to other standard controllers, the proposed controller ends up in less complexity, fast response time, and stable performance.
Ahsan Iqbal; Asad Waqar; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Manoharan Premkumar; Toqeer Ahmed; Umashankar Subramaniam; Saad Mekhilef. Stability assessment and performance analysis of new controller for power quality conditioning in microgrids. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2021, 31, e12891 .
AMA StyleAhsan Iqbal, Asad Waqar, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Manoharan Premkumar, Toqeer Ahmed, Umashankar Subramaniam, Saad Mekhilef. Stability assessment and performance analysis of new controller for power quality conditioning in microgrids. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2021; 31 (6):e12891.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhsan Iqbal; Asad Waqar; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Manoharan Premkumar; Toqeer Ahmed; Umashankar Subramaniam; Saad Mekhilef. 2021. "Stability assessment and performance analysis of new controller for power quality conditioning in microgrids." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 31, no. 6: e12891.
Standalone rural microgrid (MG) systems are considered as a sustainable and economical solutions towards rural area electrifications. Specific control schemes are necessary to adopt for reliable and economic performance of these rural MGs. This study focuses on the optimal utilization of biomass potential considering specific applications of bio generator (BG) with BG-PV-WT-BSS and BG-PV-SMES based standalone rural MG systems. In the first case of the BG-PV-WT-BSS, the optimal sizing/selection of DGs of a rural MG has been proposed using the improved-MILP (I-MILP) approach. The objectives of this study were to minimize total net present cost (TNPC), the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and GHG emissions. In the second case of BG-PV-SMES, the simulation model of the rural microgrid consisting of a variable speed bio generator (VSBG) and photovoltaic (PV) has been developed. Afterwards, a simplified EMS has been designed for the coordinated operation control of the distributed energy resources (DERs) in the rural MGs using MATLAB/Simulink ® environment. For the DGs connected via power converter, FOSMC and FCS-MPC based coordinated control has been proposed in the simplified EMS. The purpose of the FOSMC and FCS-MPC based power converter is the improvement of the system performance (for instance power quality, regulated voltage and THD) under external disturbances. Simulation analysis shows the better operation of FOSMC and FCS-MPC under less THD and improved power quality.
Habib Ur Rahman Habib; Asad Waqar; Abdul Khalique Junejo; Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy; Shaorong Wang; Mahmut Sami Buker; Kayode Timothy Akindeji; Jeuk Kang; Yun-Su Kim. Optimal Planning and EMS Design of PV Based Standalone Rural Microgrids. IEEE Access 2021, 9, 32908 -32930.
AMA StyleHabib Ur Rahman Habib, Asad Waqar, Abdul Khalique Junejo, Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy, Shaorong Wang, Mahmut Sami Buker, Kayode Timothy Akindeji, Jeuk Kang, Yun-Su Kim. Optimal Planning and EMS Design of PV Based Standalone Rural Microgrids. IEEE Access. 2021; 9 ():32908-32930.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHabib Ur Rahman Habib; Asad Waqar; Abdul Khalique Junejo; Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy; Shaorong Wang; Mahmut Sami Buker; Kayode Timothy Akindeji; Jeuk Kang; Yun-Su Kim. 2021. "Optimal Planning and EMS Design of PV Based Standalone Rural Microgrids." IEEE Access 9, no. : 32908-32930.
A hybrid AC/DC microgrid takes advantages of both DC and AC microgrids with distributed generation (DG) units in both the respective grids connected through a bidirectional interlinking converter (BIC). Control of hybrid AC/DC microgrid presents a significant research and engineering challenge and hence needs increased research efforts. Existing control algorithms restrict individual controllers to control only designated parameters. This paper proposes MPC‐based distributed control algorithm that will analyze grid conditions, and it would designate BIC to regulate the highest deviated parameter (AC/DC voltage or current) in all nonlinear conditions by performing multivariable optimization using variable control scheme in MPC. Other parameters would be controlled by individual controllers as per their capability. MPC being a nonlinear control technique having an excellent dynamic response and constraint inclusion feature has advantage as compared to other linear and nonlinear techniques. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been compared against other techniques and proved in MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation.
Syed Umaid Ali; Muhammad Aamir; Atif Raza Jafri; Umashankar Subramaniam; Faheem Haroon; Asad Waqar; Muhammad Yaseen. Model predictive control—Based distributed control algorithm for bidirectional interlinking converter in hybrid microgrids. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2021, e12817 .
AMA StyleSyed Umaid Ali, Muhammad Aamir, Atif Raza Jafri, Umashankar Subramaniam, Faheem Haroon, Asad Waqar, Muhammad Yaseen. Model predictive control—Based distributed control algorithm for bidirectional interlinking converter in hybrid microgrids. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems. 2021; ():e12817.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyed Umaid Ali; Muhammad Aamir; Atif Raza Jafri; Umashankar Subramaniam; Faheem Haroon; Asad Waqar; Muhammad Yaseen. 2021. "Model predictive control—Based distributed control algorithm for bidirectional interlinking converter in hybrid microgrids." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems , no. : e12817.
Battery manufacturing and recycling are expensive; combined heat and power (CHP) units are optimal for residential premises. CHP units can enhance energy efficiency and reduce energy costs, but appropriately sized units must be chosen. Here, we optimize CHP unit sizing to minimize the energy costs of residential areas. Sizing is based on both the electricity and heat loads; it is possible to optimally rate the various types of CHP units. We compare an artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization method to a genetic algorithm (GA) when various strategies are adopted. Electricity and heat loads are considered together when sizing CHP units and optimizing costs using the ABC algorithm and the GA. The optimization outcomes are compared to a base case; the ABC method performs better than the GA. The average daily energy cost savings possible using the ABC method were higher for all three seasons (by 25.9, 4.4, and 10.8% respectively) compared to those possible when residential premises lacked CHP units.
Habib Ur Rahman Habib; Shaorong Wang; Asad Waqar; Bashar Sakeen Farhan; Kotb M. Kotb; Yun-Su Kim. Combined Heat and Power Units Sizing and Energy Cost Optimization of a Residential Building by Using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 218289 -218303.
AMA StyleHabib Ur Rahman Habib, Shaorong Wang, Asad Waqar, Bashar Sakeen Farhan, Kotb M. Kotb, Yun-Su Kim. Combined Heat and Power Units Sizing and Energy Cost Optimization of a Residential Building by Using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):218289-218303.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHabib Ur Rahman Habib; Shaorong Wang; Asad Waqar; Bashar Sakeen Farhan; Kotb M. Kotb; Yun-Su Kim. 2020. "Combined Heat and Power Units Sizing and Energy Cost Optimization of a Residential Building by Using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 218289-218303.
In recent years, the substantial upsurge of electricity demand has directly impacted the performance of the distribution networks concerning the active power losses and voltage drops. In such circumstances, the distributed generators (DGs) could uphold these concerns if they are optimally deployed in terms of sizing and placement. For this reason, in current research, the optimal deployment of DGs has been proposed with the plant propagation algorithm (PPA) to simultaneously maximize the total active power loss reduction and to upgrade the magnitude of the minimum bus voltage. Alongside, the authors have examined four rounds of DGs. In that context, the optimal deployment of one DG is investigated in the first round. In each succeeding round, the number of DGs is increased: in the second round, this investigation is carried out for two DGs, for three DGs in the third round, and finally, for four DGs in the fourth round of the investigation. The effectiveness of the proposed PPA has been tested on IEEE 33 and 69-bus test networks in the load flow analysis, and results are compared with the standard optimization algorithms. Thereafter, a post deployment economic assessment based on loss calculation has been undertaken out as well. The ANOVA test has also been performed for statistical evaluation of standard algorithms. The simulation results exhibit that the proposed algorithm outdo other algorithms both technically and economically. It has been seen that as the deployment of DGs is increased, the total active power losses and voltage drops are also reduced. In terms of economic assessments, the total cost decreases with the increased deployment of DGs in IEEE 33-bus test network, whereas, the total cost increases with the increased deployment of DGs in IEEE 69-bus test network.
Asad Waqar; Umashankar Subramaniam; Kiran Farzana; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Habib Ur Rahman Habib; Muhammad Zahid; Eklas Hossain. Analysis of Optimal Deployment of Several DGs in Distribution Networks Using Plant Propagation Algorithm. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 175546 -175562.
AMA StyleAsad Waqar, Umashankar Subramaniam, Kiran Farzana, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan, Habib Ur Rahman Habib, Muhammad Zahid, Eklas Hossain. Analysis of Optimal Deployment of Several DGs in Distribution Networks Using Plant Propagation Algorithm. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):175546-175562.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsad Waqar; Umashankar Subramaniam; Kiran Farzana; Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan; Habib Ur Rahman Habib; Muhammad Zahid; Eklas Hossain. 2020. "Analysis of Optimal Deployment of Several DGs in Distribution Networks Using Plant Propagation Algorithm." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 175546-175562.
In recent years, due to increase in load demand, distribution networks have got substantial attention to get optimized. It is significant to optimally place the distributed generators (DGs) in distribution networks to minimize power losses and voltage drops. However, the DGs incur certain investment and operational costs, and their placement is only viable if these costs overcome energy losses. Therefore, current paper investigates the optimal sizing and placement of DGs in distribution networks with a novel concept to simultaneously minimize total energy cost along with total power loss and average voltage drop. Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed to solve the considered multi-objective problem. The performance of the proposed ABC algorithm is tested with standard algorithms. Newton Raphson load flow (NRLF) analysis is conducted on IEEE 33 and 69-bus radial networks and on CIGRE medium voltage (MV) benchmark grid. Two test cases have been formed and investigated. The results prove that proposed ABC algorithm mostly outperforms other algorithms.
Essam A. Al-Ammar; Kiran Farzana; Asad Waqar; Muhammad Aamir; Saifullah; Azhar Ul Haq; Muhammad Zahid; Memoona Batool. ABC algorithm based optimal sizing and placement of DGs in distribution networks considering multiple objectives. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2020, 12, 697 -708.
AMA StyleEssam A. Al-Ammar, Kiran Farzana, Asad Waqar, Muhammad Aamir, Saifullah, Azhar Ul Haq, Muhammad Zahid, Memoona Batool. ABC algorithm based optimal sizing and placement of DGs in distribution networks considering multiple objectives. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2020; 12 (1):697-708.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEssam A. Al-Ammar; Kiran Farzana; Asad Waqar; Muhammad Aamir; Saifullah; Azhar Ul Haq; Muhammad Zahid; Memoona Batool. 2020. "ABC algorithm based optimal sizing and placement of DGs in distribution networks considering multiple objectives." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 12, no. 1: 697-708.
The worldwide demand for reduction of CO2 pollution, with more penetration of renewable energy sources and an increased number of electric vehicles (EVs), demonstrates the importance of economic dispatch (ED) with taking into account the reduction of CO2 emission. ED is a classical problem in which EVs impose more penetration as a dynamic load, and its impact as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is the possible future trend with cost minimization. Based on the integration of EVs and hybrid renewable sources concerning both economic dispatch and pollution minimization, the multi-objective function is converted into a single comprehensive objective by using the judgment matrix methodology. In this paper, the investigation involves the minimization of the cost of all three objectives viz. operation cost, pollution cost, and carbon emissions with ED by incorporating V2G technology. The algorithms which include particle swarm optimization, as well as artificial bee colony, are applied under various operation and control strategies. The proposed models are verified and analyzed with different case studies. In terms of operation economics, the simulation results validate the superior performance of EVs based microgrid (MG) model in the coordinated charging and discharging mode. Further, the comparison of both algorithms shows better results with the ABC algorithm in terms of cost minimization of all objectives. ABC is better in V2G based microgrid with coordinated charging and discharging mode while its performance is significant during a large number of EVs (i.e., 700 EVs). Moreover, the load shedding scenarios are integrated which enables the MG system to operate in dual mode (i.e., seamless transition). In this paper, the main contribution involves penetration of EVs as dynamic load and its V2G impact in a coordinated or uncoordinated way, application of ABC algorithm for this particular load problem with improved results, and inclusion of short-term load shedding scenarios.
Habib Ur Rahman Habib; Umashankar Subramaniam; Asad Waqar; Bashar Sakeen Farhan; Kotb M. Kotb; Shaorong Wang. Energy Cost Optimization of Hybrid Renewables Based V2G Microgrid Considering Multi Objective Function by Using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 62076 -62093.
AMA StyleHabib Ur Rahman Habib, Umashankar Subramaniam, Asad Waqar, Bashar Sakeen Farhan, Kotb M. Kotb, Shaorong Wang. Energy Cost Optimization of Hybrid Renewables Based V2G Microgrid Considering Multi Objective Function by Using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):62076-62093.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHabib Ur Rahman Habib; Umashankar Subramaniam; Asad Waqar; Bashar Sakeen Farhan; Kotb M. Kotb; Shaorong Wang. 2020. "Energy Cost Optimization of Hybrid Renewables Based V2G Microgrid Considering Multi Objective Function by Using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 62076-62093.
Microgrids being an important entity in the distribution system, and to get their full advantages by incorporating maximum distributed generation, standalone hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs), being environmentally-safe and economically-efficient, are considered as the promising solution to electrify remote areas where the grid power is not available. In this work, a techno-economic investigation with an optimal design of HRES is presented to fulfill the domestic electricity need for a residential area of the Sherani district in the Province of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Nine case studies based on PV/wind/diesel/battery are analyzed based on net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and emission to decide the feasible solution. HOMER tool is utilized to accomplish modeling and simulation for economic analysis and optimal sizing. Simulation results demonstrated that HRES with PV-wind-battery is the most viable option for the specified area, and the optimal sizing of components are also obtained with $ 28,620 NPC and 0.311 $/kWh COE which shows 81.65% reduction in cost and 100% preserving in toxic emission while fulfilling 100% energy demand with 67.3% of excess energy. Furthermore, MATLAB/Simulink modeling for the optimally designed system is built for technical analysis while its effectiveness is proved by keeping dc and ac buses voltage constant, safe operating range of battery state of charge (SOC) with active power balance between HRES components, as well as efficient ac voltage quality, regardless of generation disturbances and load fluctuations. The output signal has total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.30% as compared to 5.44% with the conventional control scheme. The novelty lies in the sequential application of both HOMER and MATLAB simulations of the proposed HRES model and validation of the proposition for the studied area; by using and implementing model predictive control (MPC) of a reconfigurable inverter.
Essam A. Al-Ammar; Habib Ur Rahman Habib; Kotb M. Kotb; Shaorong Wang; Wonsuk Ko; Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy; Asad Waqar. Residential Community Load Management Based on Optimal Design of Standalone HRES With Model Predictive Control. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 12542 -12572.
AMA StyleEssam A. Al-Ammar, Habib Ur Rahman Habib, Kotb M. Kotb, Shaorong Wang, Wonsuk Ko, Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy, Asad Waqar. Residential Community Load Management Based on Optimal Design of Standalone HRES With Model Predictive Control. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):12542-12572.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEssam A. Al-Ammar; Habib Ur Rahman Habib; Kotb M. Kotb; Shaorong Wang; Wonsuk Ko; Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy; Asad Waqar. 2020. "Residential Community Load Management Based on Optimal Design of Standalone HRES With Model Predictive Control." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 12542-12572.
Cross-border power trading through grid interconnection has gained significant attention in South Asia to support energy deficit states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region. Nonetheless, cross border grid interconnection requires technical standardization and grid code synchronization to ensure technically feasible, reliable, safe and economical power exchange among the SAARC states. Importantly, grid code harmonization necessitates the uniformity of technical data and codes among the member states. In this paper, we investigate the relevant factors such as regional barriers, trade potential, a gap in the grid codes, standardization of technical data, energy pricing, load profile, the load factor of different states, and regulatory framework of different states. All these factors are found to be helpful in formulating a set of recommendations for seamless power grid interconnections and power trading. We have developed a power pool model for the SAARC region with an objective to effectively realize the objectives of cross-border power trade in the region. The presented model takes account of transparency in market-clearing price, bidding of data, season-wise load profile, market volume, best case practices, institutional setup and rigorous case studies to ensure seamless grid interconnection and reliable power trading within the region.
Azhar Ul-Haq; Mohammad Shahmeer Hassan; Marium Jalal; Shoaib Ahmad; Muhammad Almas Anjum; Ihsan Ullah Khalil; Asad Waqar. Cross-Border Power Trade and Grid Interconnection in SAARC Region: Technical Standardization and Power Pool Model. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 178977 -179001.
AMA StyleAzhar Ul-Haq, Mohammad Shahmeer Hassan, Marium Jalal, Shoaib Ahmad, Muhammad Almas Anjum, Ihsan Ullah Khalil, Asad Waqar. Cross-Border Power Trade and Grid Interconnection in SAARC Region: Technical Standardization and Power Pool Model. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 ():178977-179001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzhar Ul-Haq; Mohammad Shahmeer Hassan; Marium Jalal; Shoaib Ahmad; Muhammad Almas Anjum; Ihsan Ullah Khalil; Asad Waqar. 2019. "Cross-Border Power Trade and Grid Interconnection in SAARC Region: Technical Standardization and Power Pool Model." IEEE Access 7, no. : 178977-179001.
In this paper, the finite control set model predictive control (FCS–MPC) technique-based controller is proposed for the inverter of the uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system. The proposed controller uses the mathematical model of the system to forecast the response of voltage for each possible switching state for every sampling instant. Following this, the cost function was used to determine the switching state, applied to the next sampling instant. First, the proposed control strategy was implemented for the single inverter of the UPS system. Finally, the droop control strategy was implemented for parallel inverters to guarantee actual power sharing among a multiple-parallel UPS system. To validate the performance of the proposed controller under steady-state conditions and dynamic-transient conditions, extensive simulations were conducted using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed work shows a low computational burden, good steady state performance, fast transient response, and robust results against parameter disturbances as compared to linear control. The simulation results showed that total harmonic distortion (THD) for the linear load was 0.9% and THD for the nonlinear load was 1.42%.
Hussain Sarwar Khan; Muhammad Aamir; Muhammad Ali; Asad Waqar; Syed Umaid Ali; Junaid Imtiaz. Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control for Parallel Connected Online UPS System under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Loads. Energies 2019, 12, 581 .
AMA StyleHussain Sarwar Khan, Muhammad Aamir, Muhammad Ali, Asad Waqar, Syed Umaid Ali, Junaid Imtiaz. Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control for Parallel Connected Online UPS System under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Loads. Energies. 2019; 12 (4):581.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHussain Sarwar Khan; Muhammad Aamir; Muhammad Ali; Asad Waqar; Syed Umaid Ali; Junaid Imtiaz. 2019. "Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control for Parallel Connected Online UPS System under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Loads." Energies 12, no. 4: 581.
Parallel-connected uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems have been used to maintain power supply to the critical load in order to increase power capacity and system reliability. This paper presents a robust and precise voltage control strategy for parallel-connected UPS systems. Each parallel-connected UPS system consists of a three-phase inverter with an output inductor-capacitor (LC) filter directly connected to an AC common bus in order to feed the critical load. Fractional-order sliding mode control (FOSMC) is proposed to maintain the quality of the output voltage despite linear, unbalanced and/or nonlinear load condition. The Riemann-Liouville (RL) fractional derivative is employed in designing the sliding surface. The voltage control strategy effectively eliminates the parametric uncertainties, external disturbances, and reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage. Furthermore, it also maintains very good voltage regulation such as dynamic response and steady-state error under the nonlinear or unbalanced load conditions. The stability of the proposed controller is proven by applying Lyapunov stability theory. Droop control approach and virtual output impedance (VOI) loop are investigated to guarantee the accurate active and reactive power-sharing for parallel-connected UPS system. Finally, the implementation of the control scheme is carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink real-time environment.
Muhammad Ali; Muhammad Aamir; Hussain Sarwar Khan; Asad Waqar; Faheem Haroon; Atif Raza Jafri. Lyapunov Stability and Performance Analysis of the Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control for a Parallel Connected UPS System under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Load Conditions. Energies 2018, 11, 3475 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ali, Muhammad Aamir, Hussain Sarwar Khan, Asad Waqar, Faheem Haroon, Atif Raza Jafri. Lyapunov Stability and Performance Analysis of the Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control for a Parallel Connected UPS System under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Load Conditions. Energies. 2018; 11 (12):3475.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ali; Muhammad Aamir; Hussain Sarwar Khan; Asad Waqar; Faheem Haroon; Atif Raza Jafri. 2018. "Lyapunov Stability and Performance Analysis of the Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control for a Parallel Connected UPS System under Unbalanced and Nonlinear Load Conditions." Energies 11, no. 12: 3475.
Batteries of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) participate in the regulation of power flow in microgrid or smart grid through battery charger. A 4S-V, lkW isolated bidirectional battery charger is proposed in this paper. The proposed battery charger circuit worked in islanded mode, comprises of two-stage conversion i.e., AC-DC and DC-DC conversion. Neutral-point clamped converter is used for bidirectional AC-DC conversion while for DC-DC conversion High-frequency leg along with high- frequency Centered Tap Transformer followed by Half bridge is used. The proposed battery charger can convert three phase utility power to charge the vehicle batteries by providing 48V and 20.83A. Similarly, the same battery charger can discharge back the connected battery to load when there is power demand of load in islanded mode of microgrid.
Ali Rahman; Muhammad Ali; Muhammad Aamir; Mohsin Mumtaz; Hussain Sarwar Khan; Asad Waqar. Design and Analysis of Efficient Battery Charging/ Discharging for V2G and G2V Application. 2018 2nd International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE) 2018, 6 -13.
AMA StyleAli Rahman, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Aamir, Mohsin Mumtaz, Hussain Sarwar Khan, Asad Waqar. Design and Analysis of Efficient Battery Charging/ Discharging for V2G and G2V Application. 2018 2nd International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE). 2018; ():6-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Rahman; Muhammad Ali; Muhammad Aamir; Mohsin Mumtaz; Hussain Sarwar Khan; Asad Waqar. 2018. "Design and Analysis of Efficient Battery Charging/ Discharging for V2G and G2V Application." 2018 2nd International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE) , no. : 6-13.
Pakistan is experiencing an undersupply of electricity, causing load shedding several hours per day due to the adherence to conventional energy resources having quantitative and environmental limitations. Fossil fuels generate more than half of the country’s total electricity, but they will ultimately run out due to their limited supply. Their combustion emits greenhouse gases, posing environmental threats. Since the world is tending toward efficient and sustainable alternative methods for harvesting energy from nature, Pakistan has also been investigating an elevated deployment of renewable energy projects. This paper presents a critical analysis of the present energy sector of Pakistan along with global scenarios. Pakistan relies on mainly thermal, hydro, and nuclear energy for power generation. National solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass resources have not been extensively explored and implemented. This paper provides an insight into the potential of these resources in Pakistan to generate electricity for the national grid on a large scale. It focuses on biomass energy, which can be harnessed from bagasse, poultry waste, and municipal waste for power production, and biomass-based fuel for industries and transportation. It concludes that biomass is the most sustainable, available, implementable, and environment-friendly resource that can be utilized to lessen the energy demand and supply gap in Pakistan.
Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen; Zuha Anjum; Nabila Yasin; Leenah Siddiqui; Ifzana Farhat; Suheel Abdullah Malik; Saad Mekhilef; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Ben Horan; Mohamed Darwish; Muhammad Aamir; Leong Wen Chek. The Prospective Non-Conventional Alternate and Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan—A Focus on Biomass Energy for Power Generation, Transportation, and Industrial Fuel. Energies 2018, 11, 2431 .
AMA StyleWajahat Ullah Khan Tareen, Zuha Anjum, Nabila Yasin, Leenah Siddiqui, Ifzana Farhat, Suheel Abdullah Malik, Saad Mekhilef, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Ben Horan, Mohamed Darwish, Muhammad Aamir, Leong Wen Chek. The Prospective Non-Conventional Alternate and Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan—A Focus on Biomass Energy for Power Generation, Transportation, and Industrial Fuel. Energies. 2018; 11 (9):2431.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWajahat Ullah Khan Tareen; Zuha Anjum; Nabila Yasin; Leenah Siddiqui; Ifzana Farhat; Suheel Abdullah Malik; Saad Mekhilef; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Ben Horan; Mohamed Darwish; Muhammad Aamir; Leong Wen Chek. 2018. "The Prospective Non-Conventional Alternate and Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan—A Focus on Biomass Energy for Power Generation, Transportation, and Industrial Fuel." Energies 11, no. 9: 2431.
This study summarizes an analytical review on the comparison of three-phase static compensator (STATCOM) and active power filter (APF) inverter topologies and their control schemes using industrial standards and advanced high-power configurations. Transformerless and reduced switch count topologies are the leading technologies in power electronics that aim to reduce system cost and offer the additional benefits of small volumetric size, lightweight and compact structure, and high reliability. A detailed comparison of the topologies, control strategies and implementation structures of grid-connected high-power converters is presented. However, reducing the number of power semiconductor devices, sensors, and control circuits requires complex control strategies. This study focuses on different topological devices, namely, passive filters, shunt and hybrid filters, and STATCOMs, which are typically used for power quality improvement. Additionally, appropriate control schemes, such as sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and space vector PWM techniques, are selected. According to recent developments in shunt APF/STATCOM inverters, simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of APF/STATCOM systems for harmonic mitigation based on the defined limit in IEEE-519.
Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen; Muhammad Aamir; Saad Mekhilef; Mutsuo Nakaoka; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Ben Horan; Mudasir Ahmed Memon; Nauman Anwar Baig. Mitigation of Power Quality Issues Due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Grid Systems Using Three-Phase APF/STATCOM Technologies: A Review. Energies 2018, 11, 1491 .
AMA StyleWajahat Ullah Khan Tareen, Muhammad Aamir, Saad Mekhilef, Mutsuo Nakaoka, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Ben Horan, Mudasir Ahmed Memon, Nauman Anwar Baig. Mitigation of Power Quality Issues Due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Grid Systems Using Three-Phase APF/STATCOM Technologies: A Review. Energies. 2018; 11 (6):1491.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWajahat Ullah Khan Tareen; Muhammad Aamir; Saad Mekhilef; Mutsuo Nakaoka; Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian; Ben Horan; Mudasir Ahmed Memon; Nauman Anwar Baig. 2018. "Mitigation of Power Quality Issues Due to High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Grid Systems Using Three-Phase APF/STATCOM Technologies: A Review." Energies 11, no. 6: 1491.
This paper presents an optimization method for solving the Power Economic Dispatch (PED) problem of thermal generation units with multiple fuels and valve point loadings. The proposed optimizer is a variant of Differential Evolution (DE) characterized as a Stud Differential Evolution (SDE), which has been proposed earlier and implemented on a hydrothermal energy system. In SDE, an operator named Stud Crossover (SC) is introduced in the conventional DE during the trial vector updating process. In SC operator, a best vector gives its optimal information to all other population members through mating. The proposed algorithm’s effectiveness to solve Multiple Fuel PED problem, with and without Valve Point Loading Effects (VPLEs), has been validated by testing it on 10 machine multiple fuel standard test systems having 2400 MW, 2500 MW, 2600 MW, and 2700 MW load demands. The results depict the strength of SDE over various other methods in the literature.
Naila; Shaikh Saaqib Haroon; Shahzad Hassan; Salman Amin; Intisar Ali Sajjad; Asad Waqar; Muhammad Aamir; Muneeb Yaqoob; Imtiaz Alam. Multiple Fuel Machines Power Economic Dispatch Using Stud Differential Evolution. Energies 2018, 11, 1393 .
AMA StyleNaila, Shaikh Saaqib Haroon, Shahzad Hassan, Salman Amin, Intisar Ali Sajjad, Asad Waqar, Muhammad Aamir, Muneeb Yaqoob, Imtiaz Alam. Multiple Fuel Machines Power Economic Dispatch Using Stud Differential Evolution. Energies. 2018; 11 (6):1393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaila; Shaikh Saaqib Haroon; Shahzad Hassan; Salman Amin; Intisar Ali Sajjad; Asad Waqar; Muhammad Aamir; Muneeb Yaqoob; Imtiaz Alam. 2018. "Multiple Fuel Machines Power Economic Dispatch Using Stud Differential Evolution." Energies 11, no. 6: 1393.
The electrical power system is becoming more and more complex with the increasing demand of the electricity across the world, as the world is becoming the global village. The electrical power system must be reliable and safe enough to fulfil the energy requirements with the continuous supply of energy. The chances of power system's blackouts and outages are increasing with its increased complexity. So, there is a need of an efficient control system to make the power system more safe, efficient and reliable. Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control system (WAMPAC) is becoming an emerging technology for an efficient monitoring, protection and control of power system. Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an integrated part of wide area monitoring, protection and control (WAMPAC) system, which can be used for monitoring, protection and control of complex electrical power systems. PMU gives the synchronized phasor measurements of voltage and current and can easily monitor and control even small disturbances in power system to protect the power system from any blackouts and outages before any fault occurs. In the proposed paper a PMU model is designed in MATLAB/Simulink and then PMU is used for power system protection and the comparative analysis are done with the conventional protection technique for an interconnected two-area network power system.
Asad Waqar; Zeeshan Khurshid; Jehanzeb Ahmad; Muhammad Aamir; Muneeb Yaqoob; Imtiaz Alam. Modeling and simulation of phasor measurement unit (PMU) for early fault detection in interconnected two-area network. 2018 1st International Conference on Power, Energy and Smart Grid (ICPESG) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleAsad Waqar, Zeeshan Khurshid, Jehanzeb Ahmad, Muhammad Aamir, Muneeb Yaqoob, Imtiaz Alam. Modeling and simulation of phasor measurement unit (PMU) for early fault detection in interconnected two-area network. 2018 1st International Conference on Power, Energy and Smart Grid (ICPESG). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsad Waqar; Zeeshan Khurshid; Jehanzeb Ahmad; Muhammad Aamir; Muneeb Yaqoob; Imtiaz Alam. 2018. "Modeling and simulation of phasor measurement unit (PMU) for early fault detection in interconnected two-area network." 2018 1st International Conference on Power, Energy and Smart Grid (ICPESG) , no. : 1-6.
This paper presents line-interactive transformerless Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a fuel cell as the prime energy source. The proposed UPS consists of three major parts (i.e., an output inverter, a unidirectional DC–DC converter, and a battery charger/discharger). Non-isolated topologies of both the unidirectional converter and battery charger/discharger ensure transformerless operation of the UPS system. A new topology of high gain converter is employed for boosting the low voltage of the fuel cell to a higher DC link voltage, with minimum semiconductor count, and high efficiency. A high-gain battery charger/discharger realizes the bidirectional operation between the DC link and the battery bank. Besides, it regulates the DC link voltage during the cold start of fuel cells and keeps the battery bank voltage to only 24 V. A new inverter control scheme is introduced that regulates the output voltage and minimizes the total harmonic distortion for non-linear loading condition. The proposed control scheme integrates proportional-resonant control with slide mode control, which improves the controller’s performance in transient conditions. The proposed UPS system is validated by developing a 1-kVA experimental prototype.
Muhammad Iftikhar; Muhammad Aamir; Asad Waqar; Naila; Fahad Bin Muslim; Imtiaz Alam. Line-Interactive Transformerless Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a Fuel Cell as the Primary Source. Energies 2018, 11, 542 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Iftikhar, Muhammad Aamir, Asad Waqar, Naila, Fahad Bin Muslim, Imtiaz Alam. Line-Interactive Transformerless Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a Fuel Cell as the Primary Source. Energies. 2018; 11 (3):542.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Iftikhar; Muhammad Aamir; Asad Waqar; Naila; Fahad Bin Muslim; Imtiaz Alam. 2018. "Line-Interactive Transformerless Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a Fuel Cell as the Primary Source." Energies 11, no. 3: 542.
Imtiaz Alam; Asad Waqar; Muhammad Aamir; Shahzad Hassan; Syed Shah. Anomalous waves propagating at very high frequency in the atmosphere and their disturbances due to changes in refractivity profiles. Results in Physics 2018, 8, 496 -501.
AMA StyleImtiaz Alam, Asad Waqar, Muhammad Aamir, Shahzad Hassan, Syed Shah. Anomalous waves propagating at very high frequency in the atmosphere and their disturbances due to changes in refractivity profiles. Results in Physics. 2018; 8 ():496-501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleImtiaz Alam; Asad Waqar; Muhammad Aamir; Shahzad Hassan; Syed Shah. 2018. "Anomalous waves propagating at very high frequency in the atmosphere and their disturbances due to changes in refractivity profiles." Results in Physics 8, no. : 496-501.
Operation of power system within specified limits of voltage and frequency are the major concerns in power system stability studies. As power system is always prone to disturbances, which consequently affect the voltage instability and optimal power flow, and therefore risks the power systems stability and security. In this paper, a novel technique based on the “Artificial Algae Algorithm” (AAA) is introduced, to identify the optimal location and the parameters setting of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) under N-1 contingency criterion. In the first part, we have carried out a contingency operation and ranking process for the most parlous lines outage contingencies while taking the transmission lines overloading (NOLL) and voltage violation of buses (NVVB) as a performance parameter (PP = NOLL + NVVB). As UPFC possesses too much prohibitive cost and larger size, its optimal location and size must be identified before the actual deployment. In the second part, we have applied a novel AAA technique to identify the optimal location and parameters setting of UPFC under the discovered contingencies. The simulations have been executed on IEEE 14 bus and 30 bus networks. The results reveals that the location of UPFC is significantly optimized using AAA technique, which has improved the stability and security of the power system by curtailing the overloaded transmission lines and limiting the voltage violations of buses.
Muhammad Zahid; Jinfu Chen; Yinhong Li; Xianzhong Duan; Qi Lei; Wang Bo; Ghulam Mohy-Ud-Din; Asad Waqar. New Approach for Optimal Location and Parameters Setting of UPFC for Enhancing Power Systems Stability under Contingency Analysis. Energies 2017, 10, 1738 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Zahid, Jinfu Chen, Yinhong Li, Xianzhong Duan, Qi Lei, Wang Bo, Ghulam Mohy-Ud-Din, Asad Waqar. New Approach for Optimal Location and Parameters Setting of UPFC for Enhancing Power Systems Stability under Contingency Analysis. Energies. 2017; 10 (11):1738.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Zahid; Jinfu Chen; Yinhong Li; Xianzhong Duan; Qi Lei; Wang Bo; Ghulam Mohy-Ud-Din; Asad Waqar. 2017. "New Approach for Optimal Location and Parameters Setting of UPFC for Enhancing Power Systems Stability under Contingency Analysis." Energies 10, no. 11: 1738.