In recent years, sustainable biopolymers have attracted increasing attention in environmental engineering as alternatives to conventional synthetic materials due to their renewable origins, biodegradability, and functional versatility. However, their performance and technological viability are strongly influenced by structural design, modification strategies, and behavior under realistic environmental conditions. This review critically analyzes recent advances in biopolymers for environmental remediation, covering their main application formats such as hydrogels, membranes, beads, aerogels, and composites, their interaction mechanisms with contaminants, and their performance relative to conventional adsorbents. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging approaches, including advanced functionalization, integration with inorganic phases, and green synthesis technologies, which have significantly improved efficiency, selectivity, and operational stability. Despite these advances, key limitations persist, particularly regarding mechanical robustness, regenerability, reproducibility, and scalability, underscoring the need for standardized evaluation protocols in complex matrices. The role of biopolymers within circular economy frameworks is also examined, emphasizing their capacity to integrate material sustainability, resource recovery, and multifunctional environmental applications. Overall, sustainable biopolymers are positioned not only as substitutes for traditional materials but also as strategic platforms for the development of next-generation regenerative environmental technologies.

Naturally occurring bioactive compounds represent a promising option for cancer prevention and therapy due to their ability to modulate apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell signaling. However, their clinical impact is limited by low bioavailability, chemical instability, rapid metabolism, and poor tumor microenvironment accumulation. Innovative delivery platforms, including lipid and polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, hydrogels, and stimulus-responsive systems, have been developed to improve stability, absorption, tumor specificity, and therapeutic efficacy. This review integrates molecular mechanisms, preclinical and clinical evidence, and recent technological advances, highlighting both potential and limitations. Although several compounds show encouraging results in cell and animal models, only a small number have progressed to early clinical trials, where outcomes remain heterogeneous and often fail to replicate preclinical magnitudes. Regulatory barriers, a lack of formulation standardization, and the absence of predictive biomarkers persist. Sustainability is also addressed through the valorization of agrifood by-products and green extraction processes. This review provides an integrative framework linking molecular mechanisms, advanced delivery technologies, clinical translation, and sustainability, offering a broader perspective than conventional reviews. Future perspectives emphasize multicenter trials, comparative designs, and the development of regulatory guidelines for nanoformulated bioactive compounds.

Civil engineering today faces the challenge of responding to climate change, rapid urbanization, and the need to reduce environmental impacts. These factors drive the search for more sustainable approaches and the adoption of digital technologies. This article addresses three principal dimensions: advanced low-impact materials, resilient structural designs, and digital tools applied throughout the infrastructure life cycle. To this end, a systematic search was conducted considering studies published between 2020 and 2025, including both experimental and review works. The results show that materials such as geopolymers, biopolymers, natural fibers, and nanocomposites can significantly reduce the carbon footprint; however, they still face regulatory, cost, and adoption barriers. Likewise, modular, adaptable, and performance-based design proposals enhance infrastructure resilience against extreme climate events. Finally, digital tools such as Building Information Modeling, digital twins, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and 3D printing provide improvements in planning, construction, and maintenance, though with limitations related to interoperability, investment, and training. In conclusion, the integration of materials, design, and digitalization presents a promising pathway toward safer, more resilient, and sustainable infrastructure, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals and the concept of smart cities.

El artículo describe los desafíos de implementar inteligencia artificial (IA) en políticas públicas. En un contexto donde la IA está transformando sectores, el estudio tiene como objetivo explorar los problemas técnicos, éticos y administrativos que enfrentan los gobiernos. Utilizando encuestas con escala Likert, se evaluaron las percepciones de profesionales del sector público sobre la integración de IA. Los principales hallazgos destacan la complejidad de integrar IA en infraestructuras existentes, los dilemas éticos en la toma de decisiones automatizadas, y la resistencia al cambio dentro de las instituciones gubernamentales. Se concluye que abordar estos desafíos requiere políticas claras, capacitación en IA y una gestión del cambio efectiva para maximizar los beneficios de la IA en el servicio público.

Agri-food by-products and residues are increasingly being studied as raw materials for three-dimensional (3D) printing, especially to convert secondary streams into useful, more sustainable products. This review discusses recent advances in the use of these materials, focusing on how their origins, compositions, pretreatments, processing behaviors, and final applications are interconnected. Plant-, animal-, industrial-, and post-consumer-derived residues are considered, particularly when they provide fibers, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, bioactive compounds, or biopolymers with technological value. The review also examines the main printing approaches used in this field, including extrusion-based printing, inkjet printing, sintering, and direct ink writing. Particular attention is given to factors that determine successful printing, including rheological behavior, viscosity, particle size, moisture content, structural stability after deposition, interlayer adhesion, and shape fidelity. Current applications range from functional foods and biodegradable or active packaging to biomaterials, controlled-release systems, biocomposites, construction materials, energy-related devices, textiles, and agricultural products. Although the reviewed studies show clear potential, most developments still face important barriers, including raw material variability, safety requirements, sensory acceptance, mechanical performance, scale-up, and regulatory uncertainty. Future progress will depend on moving beyond printable prototypes toward reproducible formulations, real-use validation, and clearer comparison criteria, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 12 and the transition toward higher-value circular production chains.

La implementación de Big Data en la gestión pública peruana enfrenta diversas barreras y desafíos que dificultan su adopción efectiva. A pesar de las potencialidades que esta tecnología ofrece para mejorar la eficiencia y la toma de decisiones en el sector público, su integración se ve obstaculizada por problemas como la insuficiente infraestructura tecnológica, la falta de capacitación del personal, la resistencia organizativa al cambio y las preocupaciones sobre la seguridad y privacidad de los datos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las principales barreras que limitan la implementación de Big Data en la gestión pública peruana y ofrecer recomendaciones para mejorar su adopción. Para ello, se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, utilizando encuestas aplicadas a funcionarios públicos, con el fin de obtener datos empíricos sobre las percepciones y obstáculos que enfrentan en el proceso de implementación. Los resultados revelan que, aunque algunos avances han sido realizados, las limitaciones en infraestructura tecnológica y la falta de políticas públicas claras y coordinadas continúan siendo los principales obstáculos. Asimismo, se evidenció que la falta de competencias en la gestión de datos y la desconfianza en los procesos de toma de decisiones basados en Big Data son factores clave que dificultan su adopción. En conclusión, es fundamental que el gobierno peruano invierta en la modernización tecnológica, promueva la capacitación del personal y desarrolle un marco normativo que garantice la protección de los datos. Además, la colaboración entre el sector público y privado, junto con políticas inclusivas que aborden la brecha digital, es esencial para lograr una implementación efectiva. Las futuras líneas de investigación podrían explorar el impacto de Big Data en la eficiencia del servicio público y la ética en el manejo de los datos.