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Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites mainly produced by Aspergillus fungi, posing high carcinogenic potency in humans and animals. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins is a global problem in both developed and developing countries especially where there is poor regulation of their levels in food and feed. Thus, academics have been striving over the decades to develop effective strategies for degrading aflatoxins in food and feed. These strategies are technologically diverse and based on physical, chemical, or biological principles. This review summarizes the recent progress on novel aflatoxin degradation strategies including irradiation, cold plasma, ozone, electrolyzed oxidizing water, organic acids, natural plant extracts, microorganisms and enzymes. A clear understanding of the detoxification efficiency, mechanism of action, degradation products, application potential and current limitations of these methods is presented. In addition, the development and future perspective of nanozymes in aflatoxins degradation are introduced.
Yongpeng Guo; Lihong Zhao; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji. Novel strategies for degradation of aflatoxins in food and feed: A review. Food Research International 2020, 140, 109878 .
AMA StyleYongpeng Guo, Lihong Zhao, Qiugang Ma, Cheng Ji. Novel strategies for degradation of aflatoxins in food and feed: A review. Food Research International. 2020; 140 ():109878.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongpeng Guo; Lihong Zhao; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji. 2020. "Novel strategies for degradation of aflatoxins in food and feed: A review." Food Research International 140, no. : 109878.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 biodegradation product (BDP) in reducing the milk aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) content of dairy cows fed a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). Twenty-four Chinese Holstein cows (254 ± 19 d in milk; milk production 19.0 ± 1.2 kg d-1) were assigned to three dietary treatments, as follows: (1) control diet (CON), consisting of a basal total mixed ration (TMR); (2) aflatoxin diet (AF), containing CON plus 63 μg of AFB₁ kg-1 of diet dry matter; and (3) aflatoxin diet plus BDP (AF + BDP), containing AF plus BDP at 0.2% of diet dry matter. The experiment lasted 12 days, including an AFB₁-dosing period from days one to eight, followed by a clearance period from days nine to twelve. Milk samples were collected on days 2, 4, 6, and 8⁻12, and the plasma was sampled on day 9, before morning feeding. Short-term AFB₁ exposure did not affect the milk production and composition. The plasma biochemical indices, except for lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), were also not changed by the AFB₁ intake. The plasma LDH level was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) following dietary treatment with AFB₁, while no significant difference was observed between the AF + BDP and CON treatments. Adding BDP to the AFB₁-contaminaed diet resulted in a significant reduction in AFM₁ concentration (483 vs. 665 ng L-1) in the milk, AFM₁ excretion (9.14 vs. 12.71 μg d-1), and transfer rate of dietary AFB₁ to milk AFM₁ (0.76 vs. 1.06%). In conclusion, the addition of BDP could be an alternative method for reducing the dietary AFB₁ bioavailability in dairy cows.
Yongpeng Guo; Yong Zhang; Chen Wei; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Jianyun Zhang; Lihong Zhao. Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 Biodegradation Product for the Reduction of the Milk Aflatoxin M₁ Content of Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins 2019, 11, 161 .
AMA StyleYongpeng Guo, Yong Zhang, Chen Wei, Qiugang Ma, Cheng Ji, Jianyun Zhang, Lihong Zhao. Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 Biodegradation Product for the Reduction of the Milk Aflatoxin M₁ Content of Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins. 2019; 11 (3):161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongpeng Guo; Yong Zhang; Chen Wei; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Jianyun Zhang; Lihong Zhao. 2019. "Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 Biodegradation Product for the Reduction of the Milk Aflatoxin M₁ Content of Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁." Toxins 11, no. 3: 161.
Mycoplasma bovis, one of the major pathogens of bovine respiratory disease, binds to respiratory epithelial cells resulting in severe pneumonia and tissue damage. This study was designed to identify the adhesive function of a putative 27-kDa M. bovis lipoprotein, encoded by the gene MBOV_RS03440 and designated as P27. The gene was cloned and overexpressed to produce antibodies against the recombinant P27 (rP27). The western blot and flow cytometry assay confirmed P27 to be a surface-localized protein, while ELISA confirmed it to be an immunogenic protein. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that rP27 bound to embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cell monolayers in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, anti-rP27 antiserum inhibited the attachment of M. bovis to EBL cells demonstrating the binding specificity of P27 to EBL cells. The attachment of rP27 to EBL cells was mediated by fibronectin (Fn), an extracellular matrix component. The interaction between rP27 and Fn was qualitatively and quantitatively monitored by ligand immunoblot assay, ELISA, and biolayer interferometry. Collectively, these results indicate that P27 is a novel Fn-binding, immunogenic adhesive protein of M. bovis, thereby contributing to the further understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of M. bovis.
Xi Chen; Jing Huang; Hongmei Zhu; Yongpeng Guo; Farhan Anwar Khan; Harish Menghwar; Gang Zhao; Aizhen Guo. P27 (MBOV_RS03440) is a novel fibronectin binding adhesin of Mycoplasma bovis. International Journal of Medical Microbiology 2018, 308, 848 -857.
AMA StyleXi Chen, Jing Huang, Hongmei Zhu, Yongpeng Guo, Farhan Anwar Khan, Harish Menghwar, Gang Zhao, Aizhen Guo. P27 (MBOV_RS03440) is a novel fibronectin binding adhesin of Mycoplasma bovis. International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2018; 308 (7):848-857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXi Chen; Jing Huang; Hongmei Zhu; Yongpeng Guo; Farhan Anwar Khan; Harish Menghwar; Gang Zhao; Aizhen Guo. 2018. "P27 (MBOV_RS03440) is a novel fibronectin binding adhesin of Mycoplasma bovis." International Journal of Medical Microbiology 308, no. 7: 848-857.