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Lihong Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China

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Journal article
Published: 12 August 2021 in Toxicon
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The contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins has been an issue of global significance. For mycotoxin detoxification, enzymatic biodegradation using laccase has received much attention. In this study, a laccase gene lac2 from the fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius was expressed in the Pichia pastoris X33 yeast strain to produce recombinant proteins. Enzymatic properties of recombinant Lac2 and its ability to degrade zearalenone (ZEN) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the presence of four mediators (ABTS, TEMPO, AS and SA) were investigated. Result showed that the optimum pH and temperature of recombinant Lac2 were 3.5 and 55 °C, respectively. Lac2 was not sensitive to heat and stable under both acidic and alkaline conditions. Lac2-ABTS and Lac2-AS were efficient systems for ZEN degradation over a wide range of pH (4–8) and temperature (40–60 °C). Lac2-AS was the most efficient system for AFB1 degradation, reaching 99.82% of degradation at pH 7 and 37 °C after 1 h of incubation. Finally, the Lac2-mediator oxidation products were structurally characterized. This study lays a solid foundation for the application of Lac2 laccase combined with AS for degrading mycotoxin in food and feed.

ACS Style

Yanyi Song; Yanan Wang; Yongpeng Guo; Yingying Qiao; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. Degradation of zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius in the presence of mediators. Toxicon 2021, 201, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Yanyi Song, Yanan Wang, Yongpeng Guo, Yingying Qiao, Qiugang Ma, Cheng Ji, Lihong Zhao. Degradation of zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius in the presence of mediators. Toxicon. 2021; 201 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanyi Song; Yanan Wang; Yongpeng Guo; Yingying Qiao; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. 2021. "Degradation of zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius in the presence of mediators." Toxicon 201, no. : 1-8.

Research
Published: 13 July 2021 in Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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Background The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of vitamin K (VK) supplementation on bone health of laying hens challenged by Salmonella Enteritidis. Methods A total of 80 32-week-old double negative salmonella-free brown-egg laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 20 replicates each (1 bird per replicate) according to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 dietary VK supplementation levels [0 mg/kg (VK0) vs 2 mg/kg VK (VK2) and 2 challenge treatments [Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) vs physiological saline solution (PS)]. During the last 3 days of week 43 of age, birds of both VK treatments were either orally challenged with 1.0 mL suspension of 109 cfu/mL S. Enteritidis daily or received the same volume of PS. Results The laying rate, daily egg mass, tibia strength, CT, cOC and cOC/(cOC + ucOC) of VK2 treatment increased (P < 0.05) in contrast to VK0, however, the medullary area and ucOC of VK2 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) in contrast to VK0. Mortality, medullary area, serum Ca content of SE treatments increased (P < 0.05) in contrast to PS treatments. In both SE treatments, the decrease (P < 0.05) in birds’ tibia strength was associated with higher (P < 0.05) Ca levels in serum. There is an interaction (P < 0.05) between SE challenge and VK levels with regard to tibia strength and serum Ca levels. At week 42, serum CT was positively correlated with cOC (R = 0.99, P = 0.009); at week 44, tibia strength was positively correlated with BMD (R = 0.95, P = 0.045), but negatively correlated with medullary area (R = − 0.98, P = 0.018). Conclusions VK (2 mg/kg) supplementation to diets of laying hens can enhance bone strength under challenge situations with Salmonella Enteritidis. Medullary area has proven to be a sensitive biomarker for bone calcium loss caused by SE infection.

ACS Style

Yaojun Liu; Rainer Mosenthin; Lihong Zhao; Jianyun Zhang; Cheng Ji; Qiugang Ma. Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021, 12, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Yaojun Liu, Rainer Mosenthin, Lihong Zhao, Jianyun Zhang, Cheng Ji, Qiugang Ma. Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2021; 12 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yaojun Liu; Rainer Mosenthin; Lihong Zhao; Jianyun Zhang; Cheng Ji; Qiugang Ma. 2021. "Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 12, no. 1: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Toxins
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly toxic mycotoxin that causes severe suppression of the immune system of humans and animals, as well as enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, causing oxidative damage. However, the mechanisms underlying the ROS formation and immunotoxicity of AFB1 are poorly understood. This study used the mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell line and whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology to address this knowledge-gap. The results show that AFB1 induced the decrease of cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AFB1 also significantly increased intracellular productions of ROS and malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione levels. These changes correlated with increased mRNA expression of NOS2, TNF-α and CXCL2 and decreased expression of CD86. In total, 783 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via RNA-Seq technology. KEGG analysis of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway revealed that mRNA levels of ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5, ND6, Cyt b, COX2, ATPeF0A and ATPeF08 were higher in AFB1-treated cells than control cells, whereas 14 DEGs were downregulated in the AFB1 group. Furthermore, seven immune regulatory pathways mediated by oxidative stress were identified by KEGG analysis. Altogether, these data suggest that AFB1 induces oxidative stress in macrophages via affecting the respiratory chain, which leads to the activation of several signaling pathways related to the inflammatory response.

ACS Style

Jinglin Ma; Yanrong Liu; Yongpeng Guo; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. Transcriptional Profiling of Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Toxins 2021, 13, 401 .

AMA Style

Jinglin Ma, Yanrong Liu, Yongpeng Guo, Qiugang Ma, Cheng Ji, Lihong Zhao. Transcriptional Profiling of Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Toxins. 2021; 13 (6):401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinglin Ma; Yanrong Liu; Yongpeng Guo; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. 2021. "Transcriptional Profiling of Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Macrophages." Toxins 13, no. 6: 401.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Poultry Science
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This experiment was conducted to assess the comparative effects of dietary antibiotics and oregano essential oil (OEO) addition on growth performance, antioxidant status and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 16 broilers each. The 4 treatments were: an antibiotic-free control diet (control), control + 20 mg/kg colistin sulfate and 20 mg/kg virginiamycin (antibiotics), control + 200 mg/kg natural oregano essential oil (NOEO), and control + 200 mg/kg synthetic oregano essential oil (SOEO). The experiment lasted for 42 d. Results showed that birds fed with OEO had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed with control diet during d 1 to 21. Besides, birds fed with NOEO had the greatest (P < 0.05) ADG in the four groups during d 22 to 42. The serum oxidative stress parameters showed that OEO improved (P < 0.05) the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) of birds on day 21 and the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of birds on d 42. Relative to control, NOEO increased (P < 0.05) the activity of T-AOC in jejunum and decreased (P < 0.05) the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and jejunum. Moreover, OEO supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of sIgA in duodenum and jejunum, Lactobacillus and total anaerobes in cecum, as well as activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and amylase in duodenum, but restrained (P < 0.05) the amount of Escherichia coli. The NOEO supplementation increased (P < 0.05) total anaerobes of broilers on d 42 and the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) of ileum. These results suggest that OEO improved antioxidant status and intestinal health of broilers which contributed to the growth performance improvement of broilers. Dietary OEO supplementation can be a promising alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for improving poultry production.

ACS Style

L.Y. Zhang; Q.Y. Peng; Y.R. Liu; Q.G. Ma; Y.P. Guo; Z. Xue; L.H. Zhao. Effects of oregano essential oil as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal health of broilers. Poultry Science 2021, 100, 101163 .

AMA Style

L.Y. Zhang, Q.Y. Peng, Y.R. Liu, Q.G. Ma, Y.P. Guo, Z. Xue, L.H. Zhao. Effects of oregano essential oil as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal health of broilers. Poultry Science. 2021; 100 (7):101163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L.Y. Zhang; Q.Y. Peng; Y.R. Liu; Q.G. Ma; Y.P. Guo; Z. Xue; L.H. Zhao. 2021. "Effects of oregano essential oil as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal health of broilers." Poultry Science 100, no. 7: 101163.

Review
Published: 21 November 2020 in Food Research International
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Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites mainly produced by Aspergillus fungi, posing high carcinogenic potency in humans and animals. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins is a global problem in both developed and developing countries especially where there is poor regulation of their levels in food and feed. Thus, academics have been striving over the decades to develop effective strategies for degrading aflatoxins in food and feed. These strategies are technologically diverse and based on physical, chemical, or biological principles. This review summarizes the recent progress on novel aflatoxin degradation strategies including irradiation, cold plasma, ozone, electrolyzed oxidizing water, organic acids, natural plant extracts, microorganisms and enzymes. A clear understanding of the detoxification efficiency, mechanism of action, degradation products, application potential and current limitations of these methods is presented. In addition, the development and future perspective of nanozymes in aflatoxins degradation are introduced.

ACS Style

Yongpeng Guo; Lihong Zhao; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji. Novel strategies for degradation of aflatoxins in food and feed: A review. Food Research International 2020, 140, 109878 .

AMA Style

Yongpeng Guo, Lihong Zhao, Qiugang Ma, Cheng Ji. Novel strategies for degradation of aflatoxins in food and feed: A review. Food Research International. 2020; 140 ():109878.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongpeng Guo; Lihong Zhao; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji. 2020. "Novel strategies for degradation of aflatoxins in food and feed: A review." Food Research International 140, no. : 109878.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Poultry Science
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na2) on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a complete randomized design experiment was used to study the effect of dietary PQQ·Na2 (0 or 1 mg/kg) on broiler chickens with or without a challenge with LPS. A total of two hundred eighty-eight 1-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicate cages of 12 birds per cage. All experimental broilers were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of either Escherichia coli LPS or sterile saline at 16, 18, and 20 d of age. Results showed that injecting LPS significantly increased the concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in serum of birds on day 20 and day 21. Meanwhile, LPS injection increased (P < 0.05) the relative mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the duodenal mucosa of broilers on day 21. However, dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of IL-6 in serum of birds on day 20 and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum of broiler chickens on day 21. Besides, supplementation of PQQ·Na2 within diet decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and IL-10 in the duodenal mucosa of birds on day 20. Relative to saline injection, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum and the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver were found to be lower (P < 0.05) in broilers after LPS challenge on day 21. However, birds fed with PQQ·Na2 showed higher (P < 0.05) GSH-Px activity in serum and higher (P < 0.05) T-SOD activities in liver on day 21 and day 42. Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium also significantly attenuated the LPS-induced decreases in villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum of broilers. In conclusion, dietary PQQ·Na2 supplementation significantly exerted protective effects on inflammation damage and oxidant stress of broilers under LPS challenge by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, T-SOD, and CAT). Moreover, dietary PQQ·Na2 supplementation significantly ameliorated the LPS-impaired intestinal morphology in broilers. Therefore, it has been considered that PQQ·Na2 can be used as a potential feed additive in broiler production.

ACS Style

Y.W. Zheng; J.Y. Zhang; H.B. Zhou; Y.P. Guo; Q.G. Ma; C. Ji; L.H. Zhao. Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium supplementation on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Poultry Science 2020, 99, 5389 -5398.

AMA Style

Y.W. Zheng, J.Y. Zhang, H.B. Zhou, Y.P. Guo, Q.G. Ma, C. Ji, L.H. Zhao. Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium supplementation on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Poultry Science. 2020; 99 (11):5389-5398.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y.W. Zheng; J.Y. Zhang; H.B. Zhou; Y.P. Guo; Q.G. Ma; C. Ji; L.H. Zhao. 2020. "Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium supplementation on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide." Poultry Science 99, no. 11: 5389-5398.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2020 in Food Chemistry
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In the present study, the CotA protein from Bacillus licheniformis ANSB821 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Apart from the laccase activities, we found that the recombinant CotA could effectively oxidize aflatoxin B1 in the absence of redox mediators. The Km, Kcat and Vmax values of the recombinant CotA towards aflatoxin B1 were 60.62 μM, 0.03 s−1 and 10.08 μg min−1 mg−1, respectively. CotA-mediated aflatoxin B1 degradation products were purified and identified to be aflatoxin Q1 and epi-aflatoxin Q1. The treatment of human liver cells L-02 with aflatoxin Q1 and epi-aflatoxin Q1 did not suppress cell viability and induce apoptosis. Molecular docking simulation revealed that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interaction played an important role in aflatoxin B1-CotA stability. These findings in the current study are promising for a possible application of CotA as a novel aflatoxin oxidase in degrading AFB1 in food.

ACS Style

Yongpeng Guo; Xiaojuan Qin; Yu Tang; Qiugang Ma; Jianyun Zhang; Lihong Zhao. CotA laccase, a novel aflatoxin oxidase from Bacillus licheniformis, transforms aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin Q1 and epi-aflatoxin Q1. Food Chemistry 2020, 325, 126877 .

AMA Style

Yongpeng Guo, Xiaojuan Qin, Yu Tang, Qiugang Ma, Jianyun Zhang, Lihong Zhao. CotA laccase, a novel aflatoxin oxidase from Bacillus licheniformis, transforms aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin Q1 and epi-aflatoxin Q1. Food Chemistry. 2020; 325 ():126877.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongpeng Guo; Xiaojuan Qin; Yu Tang; Qiugang Ma; Jianyun Zhang; Lihong Zhao. 2020. "CotA laccase, a novel aflatoxin oxidase from Bacillus licheniformis, transforms aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin Q1 and epi-aflatoxin Q1." Food Chemistry 325, no. : 126877.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2020 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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Deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium species that mainly infests cereals such as wheat and corn, threatens human and livestock health. The present study describes the characterization of a novel bacterial strain, Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101 which is capable of transforming DON to less-toxic product 3-keto-deoxynivalenol by the oxidation of the C3 hydroxyl group. Strain ANSP101 was isolated from a seawater sample from a depth of 55 m in Chinese Bohai sea. The strain was identified as Pelagibacterium halotolerans by morphology characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The DON degrading activity of strain ANSP101 was predominantly attributed to the bacterial cell lysate. Besides, the cell lysate was sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate, heat, and proteinase K treatment, indicating that the intracellular proteins or enzymes are responsible for the DON degradation. The optimal temperature and pH for the maximal degradation of DON were 40 °C and pH 8.0 by the cell lysate. These results provide the potential use of P. halotolerans ANSP101 as a detoxification agent for DON decontamination in cereals and feed.

ACS Style

Jing Zhang; Xiaojuan Qin; Yongpeng Guo; Qiongqiong Zhang; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. Enzymatic degradation of deoxynivalenol by a novel bacterium, Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2020, 140, 111276 .

AMA Style

Jing Zhang, Xiaojuan Qin, Yongpeng Guo, Qiongqiong Zhang, Qiugang Ma, Cheng Ji, Lihong Zhao. Enzymatic degradation of deoxynivalenol by a novel bacterium, Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2020; 140 ():111276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Zhang; Xiaojuan Qin; Yongpeng Guo; Qiongqiong Zhang; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. 2020. "Enzymatic degradation of deoxynivalenol by a novel bacterium, Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101." Food and Chemical Toxicology 140, no. : 111276.

Article
Published: 20 November 2019 in Current Microbiology
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Zearalenone, a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin mainly produced by Fusarium species, causes reproductive disorders and hyperestrogenic syndromes in animals and humans. The bacterial strain Bacillus velezensis ANSB01E, isolated from chicken cecal content, was capable of effectively degrading zearalenone in both liquid medium and mouldy corn. Moreover, Bacillus velezensis ANSB01E exhibited good antimicrobial activities against animal pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Genome-based analysis revealed the presence of genes coding peroxiredoxin and alpha/beta hydrolase in Bacillus velezensis ANSB01E, which may be involved in zearalenone degradation. The study on the genome provides insights into the zearalenone degradation mechanisms and advances the potential application of Bacillus velezensis ANSB01E in food and feed industry.

ACS Style

Yongpeng Guo; Jianchuan Zhou; Yu Tang; Qiugang Ma; Jianyun Zhang; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Zearalenone-Degrading Bacillus velezensis Strain ANSB01E. Current Microbiology 2019, 77, 273 -278.

AMA Style

Yongpeng Guo, Jianchuan Zhou, Yu Tang, Qiugang Ma, Jianyun Zhang, Cheng Ji, Lihong Zhao. Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Zearalenone-Degrading Bacillus velezensis Strain ANSB01E. Current Microbiology. 2019; 77 (2):273-278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongpeng Guo; Jianchuan Zhou; Yu Tang; Qiugang Ma; Jianyun Zhang; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. 2019. "Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Zearalenone-Degrading Bacillus velezensis Strain ANSB01E." Current Microbiology 77, no. 2: 273-278.

Article
Published: 12 November 2019 in Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins
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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi that commonly contaminate agricultural crops. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-based mycotoxin biodegradation agent (MBA) could alleviate the negative effects of naturally moldy diet containing aflatoxin (AF), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance, serum immune function, and antioxidant capacity as well as tissue residues in mice. A total of 54 mice were randomly divided into three dietary treatments: basal diet (CON), multi-mycotoxins contaminated diet (MCD) containing AF, ZEN and DON and multi-mycotoxins contaminated diet plus MBA at a dose of 1.0 g kg-1 feed (MCD + MBA). Mice fed with moldy diet showed a significant decrease in body weight gain (p < 0.05), whereas the relative weight of the liver, spleen and uterus were remarkably increased (p < 0.05). Serum IgA and IgM contents were significantly decreased in MCD treatment compared with that in CON treatment (p < 0.05). In contrast, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were significantly promoted in mice fed with moldy diet (p < 0.05). Besides, the exposure to mycotoxins caused marked down-regulation of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in mice (p < 0.05). The addition of MBA effectively counteracted these toxic effects of moldy diet on mice. And DON residues in kidneys of mice consuming moldy diet were eliminated by the supplementation with MBA. Taken together, Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-based mycotoxin biodegradation agent has great potential use as a microbial additive to counteract mycotoxins contamination in food and feed.

ACS Style

Yongpeng Guo; Xueting Huo; Lihua Zhao; Qiugang Ma; Jianyun Zhang; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-Based Mycotoxin Biodegradation Agent on Mice Fed with Naturally moldy Diets. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 2019, 12, 994 -1001.

AMA Style

Yongpeng Guo, Xueting Huo, Lihua Zhao, Qiugang Ma, Jianyun Zhang, Cheng Ji, Lihong Zhao. Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-Based Mycotoxin Biodegradation Agent on Mice Fed with Naturally moldy Diets. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 2019; 12 (3):994-1001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongpeng Guo; Xueting Huo; Lihua Zhao; Qiugang Ma; Jianyun Zhang; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. 2019. "Protective Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060, Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G, and Devosia sp. ANSB714-Based Mycotoxin Biodegradation Agent on Mice Fed with Naturally moldy Diets." Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 12, no. 3: 994-1001.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2019 in Toxins
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 biodegradation product (BDP) in reducing the milk aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) content of dairy cows fed a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). Twenty-four Chinese Holstein cows (254 ± 19 d in milk; milk production 19.0 ± 1.2 kg d-1) were assigned to three dietary treatments, as follows: (1) control diet (CON), consisting of a basal total mixed ration (TMR); (2) aflatoxin diet (AF), containing CON plus 63 μg of AFB₁ kg-1 of diet dry matter; and (3) aflatoxin diet plus BDP (AF + BDP), containing AF plus BDP at 0.2% of diet dry matter. The experiment lasted 12 days, including an AFB₁-dosing period from days one to eight, followed by a clearance period from days nine to twelve. Milk samples were collected on days 2, 4, 6, and 8⁻12, and the plasma was sampled on day 9, before morning feeding. Short-term AFB₁ exposure did not affect the milk production and composition. The plasma biochemical indices, except for lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), were also not changed by the AFB₁ intake. The plasma LDH level was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) following dietary treatment with AFB₁, while no significant difference was observed between the AF + BDP and CON treatments. Adding BDP to the AFB₁-contaminaed diet resulted in a significant reduction in AFM₁ concentration (483 vs. 665 ng L-1) in the milk, AFM₁ excretion (9.14 vs. 12.71 μg d-1), and transfer rate of dietary AFB₁ to milk AFM₁ (0.76 vs. 1.06%). In conclusion, the addition of BDP could be an alternative method for reducing the dietary AFB₁ bioavailability in dairy cows.

ACS Style

Yongpeng Guo; Yong Zhang; Chen Wei; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Jianyun Zhang; Lihong Zhao. Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 Biodegradation Product for the Reduction of the Milk Aflatoxin M₁ Content of Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins 2019, 11, 161 .

AMA Style

Yongpeng Guo, Yong Zhang, Chen Wei, Qiugang Ma, Cheng Ji, Jianyun Zhang, Lihong Zhao. Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 Biodegradation Product for the Reduction of the Milk Aflatoxin M₁ Content of Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins. 2019; 11 (3):161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongpeng Guo; Yong Zhang; Chen Wei; Qiugang Ma; Cheng Ji; Jianyun Zhang; Lihong Zhao. 2019. "Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 Biodegradation Product for the Reduction of the Milk Aflatoxin M₁ Content of Dairy Cows Exposed to Aflatoxin B₁." Toxins 11, no. 3: 161.

Article
Published: 18 January 2019 in Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of recombinant plectasin (Ple) on the growth performance, intestinal health, and serum immune parameters in broilers. A total of 288 1-day-old male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments including the basal diet (NC) and basal diet supplemented with 10 mg enramycin/kg (PC), 100 mg Ple/kg (LPle), and 200 mg Ple/kg (HPle) diets. The results indicated Ple increased (P < 0.01) average daily gain and decreased (P ≤ 0.02) feed to gain ratio of broilers. In addition, the supplementation of Ple in the diets increased (P ≤ 0.01) duodenal lipase (day 21) and trypsin (day 42) activities compared with the NC group. Similar as the supplementation of enramycin, Ple also increased villus height and decreased crypt depth in jejunum (day 21), and thus the villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.01) was increased compared to the NC group on day 42. The serum immunoglobulin M (days 21 and 42), immunoglobulin G (day 42), complement 3 (day 21), and complement 4 (days 21 and 42) were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.02) due to the supplementation of Ple and enramycin, while the concentration of malondialdehyde in jejunum was decreased (P < 0.01) in PC, LPle, and HPle groups on day 21 compared with those in the NC group. Furthermore, Ple reduced (P < 0.01) Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria population in ileum and cecum of birds on days 21 and 42. These results indicate that the recombinant plectasin has beneficial effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and innate immunity in broilers.

ACS Style

Jing Lin Ma; Li Hua Zhao; Dan Dan Sun; Jing Zhang; Yong Peng Guo; Zhi Qiang Zhang; Qiu Gang Ma; Cheng Ji; Li Hong Zhao. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Recombinant Plectasin on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health and Innate Immunity Response in Broilers. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 2019, 12, 214 -223.

AMA Style

Jing Lin Ma, Li Hua Zhao, Dan Dan Sun, Jing Zhang, Yong Peng Guo, Zhi Qiang Zhang, Qiu Gang Ma, Cheng Ji, Li Hong Zhao. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Recombinant Plectasin on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health and Innate Immunity Response in Broilers. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 2019; 12 (1):214-223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Lin Ma; Li Hua Zhao; Dan Dan Sun; Jing Zhang; Yong Peng Guo; Zhi Qiang Zhang; Qiu Gang Ma; Cheng Ji; Li Hong Zhao. 2019. "Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Recombinant Plectasin on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health and Innate Immunity Response in Broilers." Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins 12, no. 1: 214-223.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2018 in Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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The current study was carried out to evaluate the effects of mycotoxin biodegradation agent (MBA, composed of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G and Devosia sp. ANSB714) on relieving zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) toxicosis in immature gilts. A total of forty pre-pubertal female gilts (61.42 ± 1.18 kg) were randomly allocated to four diet treatments: CO (positive control); MO (negative control, ZEA 596.86 μg/kg feed and DON 796 μg/kg feed); COA (CO + 2 g MBA/kg feed); MOA (MO + 2 g MBA/kg feed). Each treatment contained 10 replicates with 1 gilt per replicate. Gilts were housed in an environmentally controlled room with the partially slatted floor. During the entire experimental period of 28 d, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of gilts in MO group was significantly reduced compared with those in CO group. The vulva size of gilts was significantly higher in MO group than CO group. In addition, significant increases in the plasma levels of IgA, IgG, IL-8, IL-10 and PRL were determined in MO group compared with that in CO group. ZEA and DON in the diet up-regulated apoptotic caspase-3 in ovaries and uteri, along with down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in ovaries. The supplementation of MBA into diets co-contaminated with ZEA and DON significantly increased ADG, decreased the vulva sizes, reduced the levels of IgG, IL-8 and PRL in plasma, and regulated apoptosis in ovaries and uteri of gilts. The present results indicated that feeding diet contaminated with ZEA and DON simultaneously (596.86 μg/kg + 796 μg/kg) had detrimental effects on growth performance, plasma immune function and reproductive status of gilts. And MBA could reduce the negative impacts of these two toxins, believed as a promising feed additive for mitigating toxicosis of ZEA and DON at low levels in gilts.

ACS Style

Donghui Shi; Jianchuan Zhou; Lihong Zhao; Xiaoping Rong; Yu Fan; Humera Hamid; Wenqiang Li; Cheng Ji; Qiugang Ma. Alleviation of mycotoxin biodegradation agent on zearalenone and deoxynivalenol toxicosis in immature gilts. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018, 9, 42 .

AMA Style

Donghui Shi, Jianchuan Zhou, Lihong Zhao, Xiaoping Rong, Yu Fan, Humera Hamid, Wenqiang Li, Cheng Ji, Qiugang Ma. Alleviation of mycotoxin biodegradation agent on zearalenone and deoxynivalenol toxicosis in immature gilts. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2018; 9 (1):42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donghui Shi; Jianchuan Zhou; Lihong Zhao; Xiaoping Rong; Yu Fan; Humera Hamid; Wenqiang Li; Cheng Ji; Qiugang Ma. 2018. "Alleviation of mycotoxin biodegradation agent on zearalenone and deoxynivalenol toxicosis in immature gilts." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 9, no. 1: 42.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2016 in Toxins
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Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 isolated from fish gut is very effective in detoxifying aflatoxins in feed and feed ingredients. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of B. subtilis ANSB060 on growth performance, body antioxidant functions, and aflatoxin residues in ducks fed moldy maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxins. A total of 1500 18-d-old male Cherry Valley ducks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to five treatments with six replicates of 50 ducks per repeat. The experiment design consisted of five dietary treatments labeled as C0 (basal diet containing 60% normal maize), M0 (basal diet containing 60% moldy maize contaminated with aflatoxins substituted for normal maize), M500, M1000, and M2000 (M0 +500, 1000 or 2000 g/t aflatoxin biodegradation preparation mainly consisted of B. subtilis ANSB060). The results showed that ducks fed 22.44 ± 2.46 μg/kg of AFB₁ (M0) exhibited a decreasing tendency in average daily gain (ADG) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in serum, and T-SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the liver significantly decreased along with the appearance of AFB₁ and AFM₁ compared with those in Group C0. The supplementation of B. subtilis ANSB060 into aflatoxin-contaminated diets increased the ADG of ducks (p > 0.05), significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced aflatoxin accumulation in duck liver. In conclusion, Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 in diets showed an ameliorating effect to duck aflatoxicosis and may be a promising feed additive.

ACS Style

Liyuan Zhang; Qiugang Ma; Shanshan Ma; Jianyun Zhang; Ru Jia; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. Ameliorating Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Functions, and Aflatoxin Residues in Ducks Fed Diets Contaminated with Aflatoxins. Toxins 2016, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Liyuan Zhang, Qiugang Ma, Shanshan Ma, Jianyun Zhang, Ru Jia, Cheng Ji, Lihong Zhao. Ameliorating Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Functions, and Aflatoxin Residues in Ducks Fed Diets Contaminated with Aflatoxins. Toxins. 2016; 9 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liyuan Zhang; Qiugang Ma; Shanshan Ma; Jianyun Zhang; Ru Jia; Cheng Ji; Lihong Zhao. 2016. "Ameliorating Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Functions, and Aflatoxin Residues in Ducks Fed Diets Contaminated with Aflatoxins." Toxins 9, no. 1: 1.

Review
Published: 19 July 2016 in Animal Nutrition
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The worldwide contamination of feeds and foods with mycotoxins is a significant problem. Mycotoxins pose huge health threat to animals and humans. As well, mycotoxins bring enormous economic losses in food industry and animal husbandry annually. Thus, strategies to eliminate or inactivate mycotoxins in food and feed are urgently needed. Traditional physical and chemical methods have some limitations such as limited efficacy, safety issues, losses in the nutritional value and the palatability of feeds, as well as the expensive equipment required to implement these techniques. Biological degradation of mycotoxins has shown promise because it works under mild, environmentally friendly conditions. Aflatoxin (AF), zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are considered the most economically important mycotoxins in terms of their high prevalence and significant negative effects on animal performance. Therefore, this review will comprehensively describe the biological degradation of AF, ZEA and DON by microorganisms (including fungi and bacteria) and specific enzymes isolated from microbial systems that can convert mycotoxins with varied efficiency to non- or less toxic products. Finally, some strategies and advices on existing difficulties of biodegradation research are also briefly proposed in this paper.

ACS Style

Cheng Ji; Yu Fan; Lihong Zhao. Review on biological degradation of mycotoxins. Animal Nutrition 2016, 2, 127 -133.

AMA Style

Cheng Ji, Yu Fan, Lihong Zhao. Review on biological degradation of mycotoxins. Animal Nutrition. 2016; 2 (3):127-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng Ji; Yu Fan; Lihong Zhao. 2016. "Review on biological degradation of mycotoxins." Animal Nutrition 2, no. 3: 127-133.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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The toxic effect of aflatoxins (AF) and zearalenone (ZEA) and their combination on laying performance, egg quality and toxins residues in eggs, as well as the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis biodegradation product (BDP) for ameliorating these effects in layers were evaluated. Layers were submitted to a two phase experiment. The first phase was an intoxication period (18-23 wk) with birds fed 7 (3 × 2 + 1) diets (3 treatments with mycotoxins: AF (123.0 μg/kg), ZEA (260.2 μg/kg), or AF + ZEA (123.0 + 260.2 μg/kg); 2 treatments with or without BDP (1000 g/t); and a control group contained no toxins nor BDP). The next phase was a recovery period (24-29 wk) in which birds were fed a toxin-free diet. In the intoxication period, AF and AF + ZEA groups exhibited lower egg production, feed intake and shell thickness, and higher AFB1, AFB2 and AFM1 residues as compared with the control group. In addition, AF and ZEA exerted synergistic effects on egg production and feed intake. Moreover, AF alone or combined with ZEA had a continuous toxic effect on laying performance in the recovery phase. Addition of BDP offset these negative effects, showing that BDP has a protective effect on layers fed contaminated diets.

ACS Style

Ru Jia; Qiugang Ma; Yu Fan; Cheng Ji; Jianyun Zhang; Tao Liu; Lihong Zhao. The toxic effects of combined aflatoxins and zearalenone in naturally contaminated diets on laying performance, egg quality and mycotoxins residues in eggs of layers and the protective effect of Bacillus subtilis biodegradation product. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2016, 90, 142 -150.

AMA Style

Ru Jia, Qiugang Ma, Yu Fan, Cheng Ji, Jianyun Zhang, Tao Liu, Lihong Zhao. The toxic effects of combined aflatoxins and zearalenone in naturally contaminated diets on laying performance, egg quality and mycotoxins residues in eggs of layers and the protective effect of Bacillus subtilis biodegradation product. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2016; 90 ():142-150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ru Jia; Qiugang Ma; Yu Fan; Cheng Ji; Jianyun Zhang; Tao Liu; Lihong Zhao. 2016. "The toxic effects of combined aflatoxins and zearalenone in naturally contaminated diets on laying performance, egg quality and mycotoxins residues in eggs of layers and the protective effect of Bacillus subtilis biodegradation product." Food and Chemical Toxicology 90, no. : 142-150.