Community-based agro-ecotourism is a tourism activity that utilizes the agricultural, natural, and cultural potential of environmentally friendly rural communities as tourism objects whose management is carried out by the local community. This study analyzes the sustainability and sensitivity of attributes that affect community-based agro-ecotourism in West Java. The study used a survey method of 237 agro-tourism actors spread across five tourist villages. The five tourist villages were selected purposively to represent the diversity of agricultural commodities and the zoning of West Java’s strategic crossroads. Data were analyzed using Multi-Dimensional Scaling in the Rapid Appraisal-agro-ecotourism technique (Rap-Agro-ecotourism). The results showed that community-based agro-ecotourism in West Java was sufficiently sustainable. The social dimension sustainability index has the highest score, while the technology dimension sustainability index has the lowest score. The most sensitive attributes affecting the sustainability of community-based agro-ecotourism in West Java are the number of tourist visits, availability of transportation facilities and infrastructure, cooperation with outsiders, preservation of agricultural businesses, waste management, and cultural arts festivals. This study contributes to the sustainability of community-based agro-tourism comprehensively through economic, social, cultural, institutional, ecological, and technological dimensions, so it is expected that adding literature on agro-ecotourism and become input material in the formulation of agro-ecotourism-based rural development policies, especially in West Java.

Technological developments, especially in the financial sector, are slowly changing the financial industry through digitalization towards fintech. The application of fintech has been introduced to Indonesia in the last few years; however, the existence and development of fintech in Indonesia still needs to be studied further. This review provided a comprehensive overview of farmer technology accessibility, fintech preferences, fintech application impacts, fintech application problems, and challenges in the future. The review data are taken from the primary and secondary data related to fintech from numerous publications in Google Scholar, the interview of Indonesian farmers, and Indonesian Government data, including the Central Statistics Agency. This study confirmed that a fintech provider has been developed in Indonesia. The farmers’ accessibility to fintech was different between urban and rural areas due to the farmers’ education levels and the availability of the infrastructure. Fintech can provide practicality, ease of access, comfort, and cost-effectiveness, and can solve existing problems in Indonesian society. However, several problems arise, including infrastructure and internet access that is less supportive, as well as a lack of education, competent workers, and regulation. Agricultural fintech is a promising business in the future, despite the many challenges that need to be overcome for a stronger agricultural sector.

This research evaluates the effect the industrial revolution era 4.0 has had on the performance and sustainability of coffee farmer cooperatives, especially in the West Java region, considering that West Java is a coffee center area that is starting to be taken into account in Indonesia and the world in general, this is evidenced by the increasing number of farmer cooperatives coffee in the West Java region. One of the most monumental effects of the industrial revolution 1.0 was the birth of the British cooperative in Rochdale, the world’s first modern cooperative. The industry continues to develop, cooperatives continue to adapt and try to continue to develop in accordance with technological advances, especially now that the industrial revolution 4.0 has entered, which emphasizes information technology, especially the use of the internet. However, there has been no previous research examining the use of information technology in coffee farmer cooperatives, especially in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, even though this information technology is very important in the development of cooperatives today. Quantitative descriptive method with SEM analysis was used to identify the effect of cooperative capability on the performance and sustainability of cooperatives in several coffee cooperatives in West Java. The study’s results found that the power of the cooperative did not significantly affect the performance of the Coffee Cooperative. Still, the capability of the cooperative had a positive and significant effect on the sustainability of the Coffee Cooperative. At the same time, the performance of the cooperative had a positive and significant impact on the sustainability of the coffee cooperative. The ability of cooperatives has a positive and significant effect on sustainability mediated by the performance of the Coffee Cooperative in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This study recommends increasing the capabilities of cooperatives in membership, management, and business models to become sustainable cooperatives based on information technology to achieve added value from market-driven coffee products. The results of the study show that the respondents perceive that the cooperative’s performance has a positive effect on their sustainability. Improving the performance of cooperatives in terms of (1) productivity, (2) effectiveness, (3) quality, and (4) achievement can be regarded as having a direct impact on the Coffee Cooperative’s long-term viability. The industrial revolution in the agricultural sector is facing demographic challenges (ageing), so intelligent technology, artificial intelligence, big data, and augmented reality are strategic choices. The application of information technology has a direct or indirect positive impact on Indonesia’s agricultural sector. Cooperatives in coffee agribusiness is also increasingly needed to respond to market demand by applying Information and Communication Technology (ICT).

Financial recording is still difficult due to the limited knowledge of farmers, whereas financial recordings are crucial for producing important reports for business development. This study aims to analyze the factors related to farmers’ activity in recording farm finances and the impact on farmers’ production and income. The study was carried out in West Java and included 200 potato farmers in the Garut and Bandung Districts. Factors related to the farmers’ experiences recording farm finances were investigated using logistic regression analysis. The results of this study showed that the significant factors related to farmers’ activity recording farm finances are the farmers’ education, their participation in the training of financial records, and their experience in obtaining finance from farmers’ associations, traders and agricultural input kiosks. Furthermore, this study also showed that recording financial transactions in agricultural business can increase farmers’ production and income. This study provides insights to policymakers and financial providers, showing the need to provide farmers with assistance in financial recording.

The ornamental plant is one of the important horticultural commodities in Indonesia, but its development differs from that of other horticultural commodities, such as vegetable and fruit plants. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has been ongoing since early 2020, apart from having an impact on health, has also positively impacted the ornamental plant business in Indonesia. Home confinement caused certain physiological problems that could be solved by indoor gardening activity, leading to an increase in the demand for ornamental plants, especially for leafy ornamental plants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the growth of the ornamental production business in Indonesia in terms of psychological needs and the power of social media. There was an increase in ornamental prices due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Consumer preferences and behaviors were also altered by the pandemic, as indicated by consumers’ new motivations, perceptions, learning, and belief systems regarding ornamental plants. The government has launched several strategies to gain domestic competitiveness and maintain its sustainability in the environment. Digital transformation has been applied by ornamental plant businesses in Indonesia. The digital marketing of ornamental plants relies on social media concepts such as entertainment, customization, interactions, electronic word of mouth (EWOM), and trendiness.

Financial technology merupakan salah satu inovasi dalam sektor pelayanan jasa keuangan. Fintech menawarkan kemudahan akses permodalan khususnya bagi masyarakat yang masih kesulitan dalam menjangkau sektor formal seperti petani. Sehingga, fintech dipandang sebagai inovasi yang disruptif terhadap aktivitas Bank Umum Konvensional sebagai salah satu lembaga formal sektor keuangan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kinerja Bank Umum Konvensional setelah pengesahan regulasi fintech pada tahun 2016 oleh OJK ditinjau dari rasio keuangan bank. Periode penelitian dilakukan pada rentang tahun 2014-2019. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 86 Bank Umum Konvensional yang terbagi ke dalam kelompok bank berdasarkan kepemilikan: Bank Persero, Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD), Bank Swasta Nasional, dan Bank Asing. Data dan informasi diperoleh dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji sampel berpasangan dan Wilcoxon signed rank test terhadap variabel CAR, BOPO, LDR, NIM, ROA, dan NPL. Hasilnya diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan CAR, LDR, NIM, dan ROA pada kelompok bank BPD; perbedaan NIM pada kelompok Bank Persero; dan perbedaan NPL pada kelompok Bank Swasta Nasional setelah pengesahan regulasi fintech tahun 2016.