In this article, we discuss the scientific research we conducted to ensure information security on concrete structures using the fiber Bragg grating method. As a result, guided by the experiences of other researchers and their results in our studies, the main hazards were identified, and the influence of temperature and deformation sensors in concrete was studied. The work determines the dependence of temperature on the optical cable and its effect on concrete deformation. It also studies the change in the internal structure of the optical fiber when exposed to concrete, and in comparison, with non-concrete optical fiber. In the experimental chapter, conducted on laboratory bench, we consider and study the signal transmission structure of an optical sensor that experiences deformation upon impact with concrete and such fibers. Graphic data was obtained using the OptiSystem program. During the process of determining the optical power of the sensors, we discovered that the higher the vibration during signal transmission, the higher the power of the optical data acquisition system unit. The results presented in this paper show the promise of fiber optics in other environments, as well as new discoveries in the construction industry and the successful use of electrical laser sensors to maintain temperature and stress in a variety of concrete structures, including cooling towers in nuclear and thermal power plants.

This article explores mathematical modeling strategies aimed at developing advanced stabilization techniques for fiber-optic sensors (FOS) used in space infrastructure. These sensors operate in extreme environments characterized by significant temperature fluctuations, high radiation exposure, and continuous mechanical vibrations, all of which can impact their performance. To address these challenges, this study proposes protective solutions, optimized design enhancements, and the integration of new system components to improve sensor durability and measurement precision. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of these solutions in maintaining sensor functionality during long-duration space missions. Additionally, the improved monitoring and control methodologies developed in this research contribute to enhanced operational efficiency and long-term sustainability in space applications. Beyond aerospace, these techniques are also applicable to harsh environments such as deep-sea exploration and underground mining, where extreme conditions demand highly resilient sensing technologies. The continued evolution of fiber-optic technologies supports the advancement of sensor systems across a wide range of industrial and scientific applications.

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)–based fiber optic sensors are widely used in structural health monitoring because of their high sensitivity, electromagnetic immunity, and long-term operational stability. However, their performance is significantly affected by environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, installation quality, and material degradation, which reduce measurement accuracy under real operating conditions. This study aims to investigate the sensitivity of multi-point FBG sensors and to develop an integrated analytical framework for evaluating the combined influence of these factors on deformation monitoring in building structures. The proposed methodology combines analytical modeling based on Bragg wavelength theory, temperature compensation, strain-transfer analysis, and reliability assessment using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Unlike previous studies that primarily examine these factors separately, the proposed approach integrates them into a unified sensitivity evaluation model. Numerical simulations and comparative analysis demonstrate that accounting for combined environmental effects improves the reliability and accuracy of deformation measurements while enabling optimization of sensor placement and long-term monitoring strategies. The obtained results provide practical recommendations for the design and implementation of fiber-optic structural health monitoring systems and contribute to improving the reliability of civil infrastructure monitoring under realistic service conditions.

The reliability of fiber-optic Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for monitoring reinforced concrete structures is determined by the efficiency of strain transfer across the sensor-structure interface. However, mounting methods are often chosen empirically, resulting in measurement deviations. This study quantitatively compares two surface mounting methods for FBG sensors: mechanical fastening through a metal substrate and adhesive fastening. The novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive quantitative assessment of the strain transfer coefficient for the two mounting methods using reference strain gauges, temperature compensation, and triplicate experiments. The experiments were conducted on reinforced concrete specimens and with two concrete compositions under step loading from 0 to 10 kN. Mechanical fastening provided a transmission coefficient of k = 0.92 with an error of less than 12%, while for adhesive fastening, k = 0.41 with an error of over 53%. Spectral analysis additionally demonstrated differences in the reflection-peak characteristics of the two investigated FBG sensors; however, these differences were not interpreted as direct evidence of localized structural damage.