In this manuscript, we consider a fractional mathematical model, which describes the dynamics of infectious disease, under the non-singular Mittag–Leffler derivative. The model under consideration is the extension of the SIRV model, where the infectious class has been divided into two compartments, namely the acute and chronically infectious individuals. First, we obtain the possible equilibrium states of the given model. With the help of the next generation matrix approach, the reproduction number has been calculated for the system to find conditions on the spread or control of the disease. Additionally, a new concept of strength number and analysis of the second derivative of the Lyapunov function has been used for the detection of waves. We investigate the said problem for qualitative analysis and determine at least one solution by applying the approach of fixed point theory. For approximate solution, the technique of iterative fractional-order Adams–Bashforth scheme has been used. Numerical simulation for the proposed scheme has been performed at various fractional-order lying between 0, 1 and for integer-order 1. All the compartments show convergency and stability with growing time. A good comparative result has been given by different fractional orders and achieves stability faster at the low fractional orders.

For the sake of human health, it is crucial to investigate infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and others. Worldwide, the recently discovered new coronavirus (COVID-19) poses a serious threat. The experimental vaccination and different COVID-19 strains found around the world make the virus' spread unavoidable. In the current research, fractional order is used to study the dynamics of a nonlinear modified COVID-19 SEIR model in the framework of the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional operator with order b. Fixed point theory has been used to investigate the qualitative analysis of the solution respectively. The well-known Laplace transform method is used to determine the approximate solution of the proposed model. Using the COVID-19 data that is currently available, numerical simulations are run to validate the necessary scheme and examine the dynamic behavior of the various compartments of the model. In order to stop the pandemic from spreading, our findings highlight the significance of taking preventative steps and changing one's lifestyle.

This research study aims to investigate the effects of vaccination on reducing disease burden by analyzing a complex nonlinear ordinary differential equation system. The study focuses on five distinct sub-classes within the system to comprehensively explore the impact of vaccination. Specifically, the mathematical model employed in this investigation is a fractional representation of tuberculosis, utilizing the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative in the Caputo sense. The validity of the proposed model is established through a rigorous qualitative analysis. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are rigorously determined by applying the fundamental theorems of the fixed point approach. The stability analysis of the model is conducted using the Ulam–Hyers approach. Additionally, the study employs the widely recognized iterative Adams–Bashforth technique to obtain an approximate solution for the suggested model. The numerical simulation of the tuberculosis model is comprehensively discussed, with a particular focus on the assumptions made regarding vaccination. The model assumes that only a limited portion of the population is vaccinated at a steady rate, and the efficacy of the vaccine is a critical factor in reducing disease burden. The findings of the study indicate that the proposed model can effectively assess the impact of vaccination on mitigating the spread of tuberculosis. Furthermore, the numerical simulation underscores the significance of vaccination as an effective control measure against tuberculosis.

We study the heat transfer of a Magneto Hydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of a Newtonian fluid over a pervious shrinking sheet under the influence of thermal slip. The flow allows electric current to pass through. The governing PDEs are transformed into self-similar ODEs via Lie group analysis. We study the variations in the dimensionless quantities like velocity and temperature of the flow in terms of the different parameters involved in the problem. We discuss the thickness of the boundary layers under the influence of various parameters involved in the flow. Numerical simulations are carried out to explain and support the results obtained.