Digitalization has become an important part of human lives that occurs in many fields, ranging from education to labor. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important disruptive technologies, which has produced massive changes in current medical practices, such as MRI, X-ray, and surgeries. AI-based surgeries present lower risks to patients and support medical specialists when it comes to burnout and more challenging operations, which can be more easily performed with the help of robots. The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on healthcare systems due to the large number of patients that overburdened medical healthcare professionals and the medical capacities of hospitals. In this paper, we approach AI-based tools, which have a significant impact on various specializations in medicine under the form of robots, based on an extensive literature review. The research methods consist of a quantitative study conducted on a sample of 50 nurses with the purpose of assessing the awareness of nurses regarding digital technologies used in the medical field, focusing mainly on their capacity to classify digital technological risks that may occur in a public healthcare system. The results show that most of the respondents (62%) are aware of digital applications used in hospitals and are able to classify and manage the risks that may occur. After conducting our research, we found that nurses have a certain degree of reluctance when it comes to the introduction of digital technologies in the medical field.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

Introduction: Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) was a common bariatric procedure by laparotomy and or at the beginning of the laparoscopy, but nowadays it is almost an abandoned procedure. However, the young generation of bariatric surgeons should be aware about this procedure especially for revisional cases. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the procedure of choice for the revision of VBG. Materials and Methods: The evolution of revisional surgery to RYGB has known several technical steps. At the beginning, the procedure was performed with no gastric resection. Then a limited resection of the ancient staple line along with the fibrous tissue under the previous band or mesh was performed. The purpose of this article is to describe a simplified operative technique to simultaneously resect the ancient staple line and the calibration band. Results: After the initial viscrerolysis, an attempt to distinguish the course of the ancient section line of the stomach during the VBG is done. The dissection can become extremely challenging, with too much fibrosis and nonanatomical planes of dissection. At this point, we counsel to abandon the anterior direct dissection of the upper part of the stomach and to switch to a posterior dissection with the approach of greater curvature. Driven by the potential advantages (no risk of mucocele or gastrogastric fistula), for the past several years, we have changed the technique from resecting only the ancient staple line to perform a partial gastrectomy. The gastrectomy is larger and includes the complete resection of the gastric fundus, ancient staple line, the region with the mesh inside, and part of the gastric body. Once the stomach is extracted, the subsequent steps are similar to those of a primary RYGB. Conclusion: The procedure of choice for the revision of VBG is represented by RYGBP. Associating an atypical gastrectomy of the previous staple line with the region of mesh migration is a safe approach, eliminating the risk of mucocele.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.