Diabetes, arises from either an absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance of peripheral tissues. For assessing long-term blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance, the utilization of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is widespread. Insulin resistance can lead to hyperuricemia by reducing the kidney ability to excrete urate, thus increasing sodium reabsorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between serum uric acid levels and insulin resistance. This was a retrospective case-control study. A total of 2530 applications in 2-year time were included in the study. Patient, known hypertension status, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, uric acid, HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride/Tg, HbA1c laboratory values and Tg/HDL ratio were examined. A statistically significant difference existed in the median uric acid values between the insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive groups (P < .001). Additionally, a weak positive statistical correlation was identified between uric acid and HOMA-IR values (R = 0.299; P < .001) and uric acid and Tg/HDL values (R = 0.357; P < .001). This study concludes that there is a positive correlation between serum uric acid levels and insulin resistance.

Viral Hepatitis is one of the major global health problems, affecting millions of people every year. Limited information is available on the impact of social and economic factors on the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Turkey. This study, contrary to other studies in the literature, was undertaken with the aim of examining the Majority of the excluded data come from the volunteers. There are medical and the social-economic factors affecting the prevalence of HBV. This research, while taking medical factors as control variables, clarify the social and economic factors affecting the prevalence of HBV by utilising clinical data with the use of the Binary Probit Model (BPM). The BPM estimation is a powerful tool to determine not only the factors but explain also the exact impacts of each factor. The estimations of the BPM shows that economic and social variables such as age, gender, migration, education, awareness, social welfare, occupation are very important factors for determining HBV prevalence. Compared to the youngest population, the 46 to 66+ age group has a higher prevalence of HBV. The male respondents were 5% more likely to develop HBV compared to females. When region-specific differences are taken into account, migrating from the poorest parts of the country such as the eastern and south-eastern regions of Turkey are approximately 16% more likely to be infected. The welfare indicators such as a higher number of rooms in the respondent’s house or flat decreases the probability of having HBV and, relatively higher income groups are less likely to develop HBV compared to labourers. The Self-employed/Business owner/Public sector worker category are approximately 10% less likely to develop HBV. When people are aware of the methods of prevention of HBV, they are 6% less likely to be infected. Previous HBV infection history increases the probability of having HBV again B by 17%. These findings strongly suggest that the impact of social and economic factors on the prevalence of HBV is vital. Any improvements in these factors are likely to reduce prevalence of HBV.

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) in İzmir using ROME IV criteria, as well as to investigate the relationship of FC with various factors, particularly obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and personality traits. This study was designed as cross-sectional analytical research. The participants were those aged 18 and over who applied to Family Health Centers (FHC). Participants were randomly selected from 11 FHC. Data were collected via a face-to-face interview, a questionnaire designed by the researcher using ROME IV criteria, the OCD module in the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. The study included 990 participants, 502 (50.7%) women and 488 (49.3%) men. According to the ROME IV criteria, 7% (n = 69) of the participants in our study had FC. OCD was found to be present in 13% of the cases. This rate was found to be significantly higher (P = 0.003). The emotional stability scores of FC patients were found to be significantly lower (P = 0.038). FC is a common gastrointestinal system complaint in primary care and emphasizes the importance of the diagnostic approach, particularly in patients presenting with constipation due to treatment differences. Individuals with FC diagnoses had a significantly higher incidence of OCD, and their emotional stability levels were significantly lower. It should be noted that psychiatric diseases and personality traits may also play a role in this situation in individuals diagnosed with FC.

Diabetes mellitus, fundamentally characterized by hyperglycemia, leads to significant metabolic disturbances. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic, inflammatory, preventable metabolic disease that is a significant health issue globally. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an essential marker of systemic inflammation. We aimed to reveal the relationship between long-term glucose control and NLR, mean platelet volume (MPV), and red blood cell width in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a retrospective case–control study. A total of 3532 applications in 2 years time were identified. Age, gender, medical history, white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MPV, red blood cell width, NLR, hematocrit, platelet, C-reactive protein, Haemoglobin A1C data of the patients were analyzed. 1790 patients were included. A significant positive correlation was found between HbA1c and age, white blood cell, hematocrit, MCV, red blood cell width, NLR, and CRP. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between HbA1c and MCV. The results showed statistically significant differences between NLR, MPV, WBC, MCV, age, and HbA1c levels. Increased HbA1c levels are usually associated with an increase in these parameters. This is important for determining the risk of complications and protecting target organs in diabetic patients. A significant decrease in MCV levels was found as HbA1c levels increased. This suggests that evaluating red blood cells in routine controls of diabetic patients may indicate glycemic control. These findings may be valuable in early diagnosis of complications.

Is an important condition that prevents burnout syndrome. Aim: This study aimed to determine the impact of family physicians' thoughts on self-efficacy of family physician's core competencies on burnout syndrome in İzmir. Subjects and Methods: The study was a nested case–control study and was carried out within the İzmir province from 2013 to 2014. The subject population included 2185 family physicians working in the family medicine centers in the metropolitan districts of İzmir. A total of 395 family physicians who were employed at family medicine centers agreed to participate in the study. After the assessment according to the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 185 physicians had burnout, whereas 210 physicians did not have burnout. Physicians who had burnout were considered as 50% prevalence in the control group; the sampling size was calculated as at least 138 individuals for unpaired cases and control groups, with 0.05 error margin and 80% power. Results: While burnout syndrome was detected in 80.0% of physicians who thought that they were incompetent, it was detected in 30.1% of physicians who believed that they were sufficiently competent in terms of core competencies. Conclusion: Insufficient belief in core competencies by family physicians increases the occurrence of burnout syndrome in these individuals....

Aim: Burnout syndrome is a major problem, especially among health care workers. The higher the sense of individual skills and achievement, the lower the likelihood of burnout syndrome. The objective of the study is to measure the level of burnout and job satisfaction of family physicians. Methods: Both data of the Family Physicians (FPs) who are working in rural and urban has been included in the study. The study is designed to measure their level of burnout and job satisfaction using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Minnesota Work Satisfaction Questionnaire. Their relationship with the working area and other factors is also analyzed. Results: Maslach depersonalization subscale was found to be significantly higher in those who lived alone, those who defined their location as rural, and those who did not participate in continuing medical education (CME) (p=0.02, p=0.01, p=0.03). While Maslach personal achievement score was low in those who define their location as rural (p=0.01) it was found to be higher in women and those who did not participate in CME (p=0.02, p=0.03). In addition, as age increases, Maslach emotional burnout and depersonalization scores decrease and personal success scores increase (r =-0.169, -0.205, 0.163 and p=0.00, p=0.00, p=0.00). Conclusions: Emotional and total burnout scores decreased with age, and that attending CME increased personal achievement. CME could be a beneficial tool not only to support FPs but also to prevent burnout.