Diabetes mellitus, fundamentally characterized by hyperglycemia, leads to significant metabolic disturbances. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic, inflammatory, preventable metabolic disease that is a significant health issue globally. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an essential marker of systemic inflammation. We aimed to reveal the relationship between long-term glucose control and NLR, mean platelet volume (MPV), and red blood cell width in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a retrospective case–control study. A total of 3532 applications in 2 years time were identified. Age, gender, medical history, white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MPV, red blood cell width, NLR, hematocrit, platelet, C-reactive protein, Haemoglobin A1C data of the patients were analyzed. 1790 patients were included. A significant positive correlation was found between HbA1c and age, white blood cell, hematocrit, MCV, red blood cell width, NLR, and CRP. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between HbA1c and MCV. The results showed statistically significant differences between NLR, MPV, WBC, MCV, age, and HbA1c levels. Increased HbA1c levels are usually associated with an increase in these parameters. This is important for determining the risk of complications and protecting target organs in diabetic patients. A significant decrease in MCV levels was found as HbA1c levels increased. This suggests that evaluating red blood cells in routine controls of diabetic patients may indicate glycemic control. These findings may be valuable in early diagnosis of complications.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is a heterogeneous group of diseases that may need very aggressive treatment in some cases. Prognostic evaluation is very important in determining the best treatment. However, in some clinics, access to genetically based and expensive diagnostic methods is limited. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic value of Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte and Platelet (HALP) Score and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in DLBCL patients. 201 Patients with newly diagnosed DLBLC between 2005 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Optimal cutoff points for the HALP score and the GNRI were calculated with the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare survival and disease-free survival times between HALP score groups. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff points were found 26.17 for HALP, and 99.17 for GNRI. Groups with lower HALP scores and lower GNRIs had significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. Univariate analyses showed that lower HALP score, lower GNRI and higher lactic dehydrogenase, Ann-Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index (IPI), National Comprehensive Cancer Network-IPI and Revised-IPI scores were associated with worse survival rates (P < .05). According to the results of the multivariate Cox regression model, patients with HALP score ≤ 26.17 (OR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.31–4.11 P = .004) increased the risk of death (P = .001, −2 loglikelihood = 506.15). Similarly, a GNRI score ≤ 99.17 was significantly correlated with worse survival outcomes (P < .001). HALP score and GNRI score are reliable, simple and easily accessible indices that can be used to predict the prognosis of DLBLC patients. DLBLC patients with low HALP score and low GNRI level may be associated with short survival and early nutritional support should be considered.

Constantly increasing health expenditures lead use of generic molecules and generics of bortezomib have been used for a long time. The aim of this study is to retrospectively examine the effectiveness, side effects and reliability of generic bortezomib in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The data of 95 patients who received four cycles of bortezomib as a first- or second-line therapy in a single center were retrospectively recorded. Treatment responses, side effects and progression free survival (PFS) rates have been calculated and compared. Of the 95 patients, 42 used the original and 53 used the generic molecule. Epidemiological data, MM types, genetic risk groups, laboratory values at diagnosis and bortezomib treatment lines (as a first line or second) were evaluated, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. When the response rates were evaluated with International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria, there were no significant difference (p: 0,42). Partial response (PR) and above response rates were similar (%81 vs %79,2 p:0,836). PFS values were 42.8 months in the original and 37.8 months in the generic molecule group (p: 0,68). Side effects were seen in 44,2% of patients, and the most common side effects were neuropathy, cytopenias and infections. They were similar in both groups (p: 0,67). Although this retrospective study is limited, it is the first study comparing the original molecule of bortezomib with its generic. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of treatment responses, PFS times and side effects. However, large-scale evaluations can help obtain healthier data on this subject.