Diabetes, arises from either an absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance of peripheral tissues. For assessing long-term blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance, the utilization of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is widespread. Insulin resistance can lead to hyperuricemia by reducing the kidney ability to excrete urate, thus increasing sodium reabsorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between serum uric acid levels and insulin resistance. This was a retrospective case-control study. A total of 2530 applications in 2-year time were included in the study. Patient, known hypertension status, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, uric acid, HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride/Tg, HbA1c laboratory values and Tg/HDL ratio were examined. A statistically significant difference existed in the median uric acid values between the insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive groups (P < .001). Additionally, a weak positive statistical correlation was identified between uric acid and HOMA-IR values (R = 0.299; P < .001) and uric acid and Tg/HDL values (R = 0.357; P < .001). This study concludes that there is a positive correlation between serum uric acid levels and insulin resistance.

Undernutrition in hospitalized patients is a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Depression is a major global health problem characterized by symptoms such as altered mood, loss of interest and pleasure, and impairment in cognitive and physical functions. Patients hospitalized for medical conditions have a higher risk of depression than the general population. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between undernutrition risk and depression risk in hospitalized patients. The design of this study was an observational cross-sectional analytic. A questionnaire form created by the investigator including sociodemographic data, dietary patterns, presence of chronic diseases and anthropometric measurements, Nutritional Risk Screening and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 were applied to the patients. All quantitative data were expressed as the median and interquartile range and qualitative data were expressed as numbers and percentage. Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to analyze nonparametric data; Chi-square and Fisher Exact test were used to analyze qualitative data. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 308 patients who met the criteria were reached. Undernutrition was detected in 28.6% of the participants, and depression was present in 37.3%. A statistically significant relationship was found between the risk of undernutrition and the risk of depression, with individuals without a risk of depression being found to have a lower risk of undernutrition. (P < .001). The risk of undernutrition was found to increase with advancing age. Moreover, individuals with higher values for arm muscle area, arm muscle circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, calf circumference, and body mass index had a lower risk of undernutrition. No relationship was found between gender and the risk of depression. However, a statistically significant relationship was observed between age and the risk of depression, indicating that older patients had a higher risk of depression. In this study, a statistically significant relationship was found between the risk of undernutrition and the risk of depression in hospitalized patients. It was observed that the risk of undernutrition was lower in individuals without risk of depression.

Diabetes mellitus, fundamentally characterized by hyperglycemia, leads to significant metabolic disturbances. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic, inflammatory, preventable metabolic disease that is a significant health issue globally. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an essential marker of systemic inflammation. We aimed to reveal the relationship between long-term glucose control and NLR, mean platelet volume (MPV), and red blood cell width in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a retrospective case–control study. A total of 3532 applications in 2 years time were identified. Age, gender, medical history, white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MPV, red blood cell width, NLR, hematocrit, platelet, C-reactive protein, Haemoglobin A1C data of the patients were analyzed. 1790 patients were included. A significant positive correlation was found between HbA1c and age, white blood cell, hematocrit, MCV, red blood cell width, NLR, and CRP. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between HbA1c and MCV. The results showed statistically significant differences between NLR, MPV, WBC, MCV, age, and HbA1c levels. Increased HbA1c levels are usually associated with an increase in these parameters. This is important for determining the risk of complications and protecting target organs in diabetic patients. A significant decrease in MCV levels was found as HbA1c levels increased. This suggests that evaluating red blood cells in routine controls of diabetic patients may indicate glycemic control. These findings may be valuable in early diagnosis of complications.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between loneliness and frailty in older people and to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of healthcare and social services offered to older people. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included individuals aged 65 years and over who were receiving home healthcare services in two cities in western Turkey. Convenience sampling was used. Eligibility criteria were age ≥ 65 years, receiving home healthcare services, adequate cognitive function, and voluntary participation. The Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (LSE) and the Clinical Frailty Scale were administered. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Spearman correlation analysis. Results: A total of 533 participants were included, with 288 from Center 1 and 245 from Center 2. Overall, 62.7% of participants reported experiencing loneliness. Participants in Center 2 had significantly higher loneliness scores compared to Center 1. A weak but significant positive correlation was found between frailty and loneliness scores (Spearman’s rho = 0.175, p< 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a weak but significant association between loneliness and frailty among older adults receiving home healthcare. Loneliness was influenced by marital status, polypharmacy, and physical independence, which also contributed to frailty.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune thyroid disorder whose pathogenesis may be influenced by various biochemical and immunological parameters. Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D and B ₁₂ levels may play a role in autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D and B ₁₂ levels in patients with HT and to examine their associations with disease pathogenesis and clinical features. This retrospective case-control study included patients who visited a family medicine outpatient clinic. The case group consisted of patients diagnosed with HT confirmed by positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg). The control group included individuals without chronic diseases and with negative thyroid autoantibodies. Data on age, gender, history of hypothyroidism, vitamin D, vitamin B ₁₂ , anti-TPO, and anti-Tg levels were collected and analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of HT. A statistically significant correlation was found between vitamin D levels and HT, age, history of hypothyroidism, anti-TPO, anti-Tg, and vitamin B ₁₂ levels. There was no significant association between vitamin D and gender. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, female gender, and lower vitamin D and B ₁₂ levels were independently associated with an increased risk of HT. Vitamin D and B ₁₂ deficiencies appear to be associated with the presence and progression of HT. These findings highlight the potential role of nutritional and immunological markers in the disease’s clinical course. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm causality and inform clinical management.